Tangoganizirani, munthu amene mumamudziwa mwadzidzidzi akuyamba kusintha kukumbukira kwake, khalidwe lake, ndi kuyenda kwake mofulumira kwambiri. Kodi mudamvapo za matenda omwe ndi ovuta kuwazindikira madokotala ndipo amakula mofulumira kwambiri? Lero tikambirana za matenda achilendo komanso osowa kwambiri. Timawatcha matenda a prion.
Mwachidule, kodi matenda a prion awa ndi ati?
Matenda a Prion ndi gulu la matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo wanu ndi dongosolo lanu la mitsempha. Angayambitse
matenda amisala kapena kuvutika kulamulira thupi lanu, ndipo amatha kuipiraipira mofulumira kwambiri. Ndi osowa kwambiri, ndipo milandu pafupifupi 350 yokha imanenedwa chaka chilichonse ku United States. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa.
Ma Prion ndi mapuloteni ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka mu ubongo wathu. Koma pazifukwa zina zosadziwika, mapuloteni awa amapotoka, amakangana, ndipo amasanduka olakwika. Choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti mapuloteni a prion opotoka awa angayambitsenso mapuloteni ena athanzi kuti apotoke. Monga momwe bwenzi loipa lingadwalitsire ena. Mapuloteni opotoka awa amasonkhana mu ubongo ndikuyamba kuwononga maselo a ubongo (ma neuron). Ichi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro.
Anthu ambiri amasokoneza matenda a prion ndi matenda a Alzheimer's . Ngakhale kuti onsewa ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kuiwala, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa. Matenda a Alzheimer's nthawi zambiri amakula pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka zambiri. Mu matenda a prion, vutoli limakula mofulumira kwambiri, pakapita nthawi yochepa, nthawi zambiri miyezi ingapo. Ndipo, monga matenda a Alzheimer's, palibe mankhwala a matenda a prion.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya matenda a prion ndi iti?
Matenda a Prion amatha kukhudza anthu ndi nyama. Pali mitundu ingapo ikuluikulu yomwe imakhudza anthu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
| Dzina la Matenda | Kufotokozera mwachidule |
|---|
| Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) | Uwu ndi matenda a prion omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu. Nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu azaka zopitilira 60. |
| Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (Variant CJD - vCJD) | Izi zingachitikenso kwa achinyamata. Zapezeka kuti kudya nyama ya ng'ombe yomwe ili ndi "Mad Cow Disease" kumatha kufalikira. |
| Matenda a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker | Imeneyinso ndi matenda osowa kwambiri, obadwa nawo m'majini. |
| Kusowa tulo m'banja komwe kumapha anthu ambiri | Ichinso ndi vuto la majini lomwe limapatsirana kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi kusowa tulo kwambiri. |
| Kuru | Matendawa amafalikira chifukwa cha mwambo wodya nyama ya munthu pakati pa mafuko ena ku Papua New Guinea. Izi sizikudziwikanso. |
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a prion ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za matenda a prion zimatha kuwonekera mwadzidzidzi. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusintha mwadzidzidzi kwa momwe mukumvera, kukumbukira kwanu, ndi mayendedwe anu.
| Gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa | Zizindikiro zooneka |
|---|
| Maganizo ndi khalidwe | Nkhawa kapena kupsinjika maganizo kwakukulu Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa khalidwe kapena umunthu Kuiwala mofulumira (Dementia) |
| Thupi ndi kayendedwe | Mavuto okhazikika, Kuyenda mopanda kukhazikika, Kulephera kulamulira minofu, kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi kapena kunjenjemera, Kulankhula molakwika, Kuvutika kumeza |
| Zina mwazinthu | Matenda a khunyu Mavuto a masomphenya |
Zifukwa ndi zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa
Nthawi zambiri, matenda monga CJD amakula popanda chifukwa chomveka bwino, koma zinthu zina zoopsa zapezeka.
- Mbiri ya Banja : Pafupifupi 15% ya anthu amadwala matendawa chifukwa cha vuto la majini (chilema mu jini lotchedwa `PRNP`) lomwe limafalikira m'mibadwomibadwo.
- Matenda : Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Nthawi zina, matendawa amatha kufalikira poika minofu kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi matendawa, kapena ngati zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa opaleshoni sizinayeretsedwe bwino.
- Kudya nyama yodwala: Kudya ng'ombe yodwala matenda a " matenda a ng'ombe yamisala " (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ) kungayambitse mtundu wa matendawa wotchedwa vCJD. Pamene matendawa anafalikira ku Ulaya m'ma 1990, anthu ochepa anamwalira ndi matendawa. Tsopano, malamulo okhwima akhazikitsidwa okhudza kudyetsa ng'ombe ndi kupereka magazi, kotero chiopsezochi chachepa kwambiri.
Kodi matenda a prion amapezeka bwanji?
Zingakhale zovuta kuzindikira vutoli chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimatha kufanana ndi matenda ena. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kuiwala, dokotala wanu adzayamba wachotsa zifukwa zina, monga sitiroko kapena chotupa cha muubongo. Mayeso otsatirawa angachitike:
- Kuboola Msana / Kuboola Msana: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika singano yopyapyala pakati pa mafupa awiri a msana wanu ndikutenga chitsanzo cha madzi omwe ali pafupi ndi ubongo wanu ndi msana wanu (cerebrospinal fluid). Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ena mkati mwake kumatha kuyesedwa kuti mudziwe matendawa.
- Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito amphamvu ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti zijambule zithunzi za ubongo mwatsatanetsatane. Nthawi zina zimatha kusonyeza kusintha kwapadera mu ubongo komwe kumawonedwa mu matenda a prion.
- Kujambula kwa CT (Computerized Tomography): Ma X-ray angapo amatengedwa pamodzi kuti apange chithunzi chomveka bwino cha ubongo.
Chofunika kwambiri: Njira yokhayo yotsimikizira 100% kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a prion ndikutenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu kuchokera muubongo (kujambula ubongo). Koma iyi ndi opaleshoni yoopsa kwambiri. Choncho izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati pali kukayikira kuti mwina ndi matenda ena ochiritsika.
Kuchiza ndi kupewa matendawa
Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala a matenda a prion. Mankhwala omwe alipo pano amangoyang'anira zizindikiro ndikupereka mpumulo kwa wodwalayo. Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, oletsa kuvutika maganizo, ndi mankhwala oletsa nkhawa. Pamene vuto la munthu amene ali ndi matenda a prion likuipiraipira tsiku ndi tsiku, mosakayikira adzafunika thandizo pa zochita zake za tsiku ndi tsiku. Angafunike kuikidwa catheter kuti atulutse mkodzo, amchere kuti apewe kutaya madzi m'thupi, komanso kudyetsa wodwala pogwiritsa ntchito chubu ngati sangathe kudya.
Kodi matendawa angapewedwe?
Palibe njira yopewera matenda obadwa nawo a prion, koma njira izi zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chofalitsa matendawa kudzera mu matenda kapena chakudya:
- Kuyeretsa bwino ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa zipangizo zachipatala.
- Ngati muli ndi matenda a prion kapena muli ndi mbiri ya banja lomwe ladwala matendawa, pewani kupereka minofu kapena ziwalo.
- Kudya nyama yokhayo yomwe yatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi yotetezeka.
Kufalikira kwa "matenda a ng'ombe zamisala" kwakhala kolamulidwa bwino chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima omwe mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi adakhazikitsa okhudza chakudya ndi ng'ombe zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa ng'ombe.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Prion ndi gulu la matenda osowa kwambiri koma oopsa omwe amawononga ubongo.
- Mu matenda amenewa, kukumbukira, khalidwe, ndi mayendedwe a thupi zimachepa mofulumira kwambiri . Kuthamanga kumeneku ndiye khalidwe lalikulu lomwe limasiyanitsa ndi matenda monga Alzheimer's.
- N'zovuta kuzindikira matendawa motsimikiza. Mayeso angapo apadera ayenera kuchitidwa kuti achite zimenezo.
- Ngakhale pakadali pano palibe mankhwala enieni a izi, zizindikiro zake zitha kuthetsedwa ndipo wodwalayo angapeze mpumulo.
- Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa awona kusintha kwadzidzidzi komanso kosamvetsetseka kwa kukumbukira kwawo, umunthu wawo, kapena mayendedwe awo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akupatseni upangiri .
Matenda a Prion, matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob, CJD, matenda a ubongo, dongosolo lamanjenje, kulephera kukumbukira, matenda a dementia, matenda a ng'ombe zamisala, matenda a ng'ombe zamisala
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