Ana ena ndi amisala kwambiri, sangakhale pamalo amodzi. Palinso ena, amayang'ana pawindo la kalasi ndipo amatayika m'dziko la maloto. Monga kholo, mwina munamvapo chimodzimodzi ndi mwana wanu. "N'chifukwa chiyani mwana wanga ndi wamisala chonchi?", "N'chifukwa chiyani sangayang'ane kwambiri pa maphunziro ake?" Mutha kukhala ndi nkhawa. Kodi chifukwa cha zonsezi ndi kungokhala wamisala? Mwina pali vuto lotchedwa ADHD kumbuyo kwa izi. Koma pankhani ya ADHD, si aliyense amene ali wofanana. Momwe vutoli limakhudzira munthu aliyense ndi losiyana. Ndicho chifukwa chake chithandizo sichili chofanana kwa aliyense. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mitundu ikuluikulu ya ADHD.
Kodi ADHD ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, ADHD ndi dzina lalifupi la matenda akuti "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Si nkhanza, ulesi, kapena kuuma mtima. Ndi vuto la kukula kwa mitsempha . Makamaka, munthu amene ali ndi vutoli ali ndi ntchito yosiyana pang'ono m'zigawo za ubongo zomwe zimalamulira chidwi, kulamulira chilakolako, ndi khalidwe. Ndicho chifukwa chake amavutika kumvetsera, kulamulira chilakolako, komanso kukhala chete. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ichi si vuto la mwana kapena la kholo.
Bungwe la American Psychiatric Association lagawa ADHD m'magulu atatu akuluakulu. Tiyeni tsopano tikambirane za mtundu uliwonse padera.
Mtundu 1: Mtundu Wosasamalira
Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wovuta kwa aliyense kuzindikira. Chifukwa ana awa nthawi zambiri sachita zinthu molakwika ngati ena, kuyendayenda ndikuyambitsa mavuto. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'dziko lawo. Amaoneka ngati atayika m'dziko lawo . Amayang'ana pawindo m'kalasi, ndipo ngakhale akayamba kuchita zinazake kunyumba, amasiya kuganizira zina.
Kuti muganize kuti vutoli ndi lovuta, zizindikiro zosachepera zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zili pansipa ziyenera kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Zizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri ziyeneranso kukhalapo pang'ono kwambiri.
| Chizindikiro | Mwachidule... (chitsanzo) |
|---|---|
| Kusalabadira mfundo zazing'ono. | Pa ntchito ya kusukulu, nthawi zambiri amachita zolakwa mosasamala akamawerengera. |
| Kuvuta kukhalabe ndi chidwi. | Ngakhale mukamawerenga kapena kusewera, simungathe kusunga malingaliro anu pamalo amodzi, malingaliro anu amayendayenda mwachangu. |
| Kuoneka ngati sakumvetsera akamalankhula. | Ngakhale mukamalankhula, ali kudziko lina. Amabwerezabwereza zomwe munanena. |
| Kuvuta kutsatira malangizo kapena kumaliza ntchito. | Mukangoyamba ntchito, simuimaliza. Ngati mukuti, "Tsegulani chipinda," mumayima pakati. |
| Kupewa ntchito yomwe imafuna khama la maganizo. | Sindikonda ntchito zomwe zimafuna khama la maganizo, monga kuchita homuweki ndi kuphunzira. |
| Kutayika kwa zinthu zofunika. | Nthawi zambiri ndimataya zinthu monga mapensulo, mapensulo, mabuku a CR, ndi mabotolo amadzi kusukulu. |
| Kusokonezedwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zakunja. | Pamene ndikuphunzira, ndimapitiriza kuyang'ana ngakhale nditamva phokoso laling'ono kapena wina akuyenda. |
| Kuiwala ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. | Muyeneranso kudzikumbutsa kutsuka mano anu ndikusintha zovala zanu. |
Mtundu Wachiwiri: Mtundu Wosagwira Ntchito Kwambiri
Ichi ndi chithunzi chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo mwa anthu ambiri akamva mawu akuti ADHD. Ana awa amavutika kukhala pamalo amodzi. Nthawi zonse amathamanga, kulumpha, ndi kufuula. Amavutikanso kulamulira zilakolako zawo, kunena ndi kuchita chilichonse chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo mwawo. Amachita zinthu asanaganize.
Kuti muganize kuti vutoli ndi loopsa, zizindikiro zosachepera zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zili pansipa ziyenera kukhalapo.Ndipo payenera kukhala zizindikiro zochepa zokhudzana ndi kusowa chidwi .
| Chizindikiro | Mwachidule... (chitsanzo) |
|---|---|
| Sikuti kungogwedezeka ndi manja ndi mapazi anu ngakhale mutakhala pampando. | Ngakhale atakhala pampando, amasuntha, kugwedeza miyendo yake, ndikugogoda patebulo ndi manja ake. |
| Kuyimirira pamene muyenera kukhala pansi. | Mu kalasi, patebulo la chakudya chamadzulo, komanso nthawi ya makalasi a maphunziro, nthawi zonse ndimadzuka pampando wanga ndikupita kokayenda. |
| Kuthamanga kapena kukwera phiri nthawi zosayenera. | Kukwera pa sofa kunyumba, kuthamanga pakati pa mashelufu mu supermarket. |
| Kuvuta kusewera mwakachetechete. | Ngakhale pamene zochita ziyenera kuchitika mwakachetechete, amapanga phokoso lalikulu ndi kufuula. |
| Kusonyeza mtima woyendayenda nthawi zonse. | Zili ngati "mota yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri" - imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, siimakhala pamalo amodzi. |
| Kulankhula mopitirira muyeso. | Amalankhula mosalekeza ndipo sangathe kulamulira kalankhulidwe kawo. |
| Kuyankha funso lisanathe. | Sindingathe kuleza mtima wina akamalankhula, ndimalumphira mkati ndikulankhula. |
| Kuvutika kudikira nthawi ya munthu. | N'zovuta kwambiri kuima pamzere ndikudikirira mwayi wanu pamasewera. |
| Kusokoneza ena. | Kusokoneza nthawi zonse zokambirana ndi masewera a anthu ena. |
Mtundu Wachitatu: Mtundu Wophatikizana
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, izi ndi kuphatikiza kwa mitundu iwiri yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ADHD ali ndi mtundu uwu . Ali ndi zizindikiro za kusaganizira, komanso kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso komanso kusachita zinthu mwachangu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kukhala pamalo amodzi ndipo salabadira ntchito. Izi zitha kukhudza kwambiri moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku, ntchito za kusukulu, komanso maubwenzi awo ndi anthu ena.
Chofunika kwambiri sikuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD chifukwa choti mwaona zizindikirozi. Muyeneradi kupita kwa dokotala kuti akakupatseni chithandizo choyenera.
N’chifukwa chiyani kupeza matenda oyenera n’kofunika?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro izi, musachite mantha. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wa ana kapena dokotala wa matenda amisala wa ana ndi achinyamata za izi.
Dokotala adzafufuza zinthu izi mosamala:
- Mudzafunsidwa za khalidwe la mwana wanu.
- Malipoti adzapezeka kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi a sukulu.
- Amaona nthawi yomwe zizindikirozi zakhalapo komanso malo omwe (kunyumba, kusukulu) amaonekera kwambiri.
- Amafufuzanso ngati pali zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa mwana.
Akangozindikira matenda molondola, mwanayo angapatsidwe chithandizo choyenera komanso chithandizo. Izi zingaphatikizepo chithandizo cha khalidwe, maphunziro a kulera ana, malo apadera kusukulu, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mankhwala.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- ADHD si vuto la mwana kapena vuto la ubongo. Ndi matenda enieni okhudzana ndi ubongo.
- Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ADHD: Kusaganizira, Kuchita Zinthu Mopitirira Muyeso-Kusaganizira, ndi Kuphatikizana.
- Si odwala onse a ADHD omwe ali ofanana. Momwe zizindikiro zimakhudzira munthu aliyense ndi zosiyana.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza mwana wanu, musaganize molakwika ndipo lankhulani ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Kuzindikira matenda molondola ndi malangizo oyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri pa tsogolo la mwana wanu.
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