Ese ufite platelets nyinshi cyane mu maraso yawe? Reka tuvuge kuri Essential Thrombocythemia!

Ese wigeze ureba raporo y'amaraso ukabona ko umubare wa platelet zawe uri hejuru cyane? Cyangwa se wahuye n'ibintu nko kubumba amaraso ahantu hatandukanye mu mubiri wawe nta mpamvu, cyangwa kuva amaraso gusa? Ushobora kuba utaritaye cyane kuri ibi bintu. Ariko, ni ingenzi cyane kumenya indwara idasanzwe ishobora kuba inyuma y'ibi bintu, tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi, yitwa Essential Thrombocythemia.

Thrombocythemia y'ingenzi ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.

Mu magambo make, ingenzi mu gutera amaraso ni indwara aho umwongo wacu w’amagufwa, uruganda rukora amaraso, rukora ubwoko bw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twitwa platelets zirenze ibyo zikenewe. Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uti: "Izi platelets ni iki?" Platelets ni ubwoko buke bw’uturemangingo mu maraso yacu. Bameze nk’abasirikare bato. Iyo hari igikomere ahantu runaka maze kuva amaraso bigatangira, izi platelets ni zo zihita zijyayo, zigafatanya, zigakora agahu k’amaraso kugira ngo zihagarike kuva amaraso. Tekereza, bigenda bite niba hari ikibazo kiri mu muyongo w’amagufwa, uruganda rukora platelets, kandi izi platelets zigakorwa zirenze urugero? Ni bwo ikibazo gitangira. Iyi ndwara iterwa n’impinduka muri zimwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo mu mubiri wacu, ni ukuvuga impinduka . Iki si ikintu kivukana, ahubwo ni ikintu gikura mu buzima. Niyo mpamvu cyitwa "indwara y’uturemangingo." Akenshi, iyi ndwara iboneka mu buryo bw’impanuka mu gihe cyo gupima amaraso ku yindi mpamvu. Hari abantu bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso na gato. Nanone, si buri wese uzakenera kuvurwa ako kanya. Nubwo idashobora gukira burundu, ubuvuzi bukwiye bushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago bikomeye byo kugira ingaruka mbi.

Ibi bigira ingaruka zite ku mubiri wanjye?

Noneho urasobanukiwe uko bigenda iyo umwongo w'amagufwa ukoze platelets nyinshi cyane. Izi platelets zirenzeho ntabwo zimeze nk'izisanzwe, zimwe ziba nini kuruta izisanzwe kandi zifite imiterere itandukanye gato. Ni nk'uruganda rukora ibintu byinshi bitari byiza. Izi platelets zidasanzwe, zirenzeho zituma amaraso afungana mu mitsi y'amaraso. Izi platelets zifungana zibuza amaraso gutembera, nk'umuvuduko w'imodoka mu muhanda. Izi platelets zishobora kuvuka ahantu hose mu mubiri. Ariko akenshi zigaragara mu bwonko, mu maboko no mu maguru.

Iyi ndwara, cyane cyane ku babyeyi batwite , yongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso .

Ikindi gitangaje ni uko iyi ndwara rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera kuva amaraso menshi.Ushobora kuba utekereza uti "Kuziba kw'amaraso ni byo bibaho, none se amaraso atembera ate?" Impamvu ni uko iyo amaraso menshi aziba, platelets zose mu mubiri zirashira. Hanyuma, nta platelets zihagije zo guhagarika kuva amaraso mu gihe habayeho imvune. Urabona? Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu bafite thrombocythemia y'ingenzi baba bari mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara indwara zikomeye nko kurwara umutima cyangwa gucika imitsi.

Ese iyi kanseri? Ese ifitanye isano na kanseri y'amaraso?

Yego, ingenzi mu ndwara ya thrombocythemia ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso. Abaganga bayita myeloproliferative neoplasm. Muri make, ni indwara aho ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso (muri iki gihe, platelets) bukorwa cyane. Ariko, ntabwo ari ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso yitwa leukemia. Ariko, mu bihe bidasanzwe, iyi ndwara ishobora kuvamo leukemia ku bantu bamwe na bamwe. Niyo mpamvu abaganga bahora bayishakisha.

Ese thrombocythemia y'ingenzi na thrombocytosis ni kimwe?

Aya mazina yombi asa gato, bityo ashobora kwitiranywa. Ariko hari itandukaniro hagati yayo yombi.

• Thrombocythemia y'ingenzi: Aha, umubare wa platelet wiyongera bitewe n'ikibazo kiri mu musemburo w'amagufwa ubwawo, ntabwo biterwa n'indi ndwara iyo ari yo yose.
• Thrombocytosis ikora: Aha, umubare w'udupira tw'amaraso wiyongera bitewe n'indi ndwara (urugero: kwandura, kubura icyuma , nyuma yo kubagwa).

Muri ibyo byombi, indwara yitwa thrombocytosis ikunze kugaragara cyane kuruta thrombocythemia y'ingenzi.

Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara?

Indwara ya thrombocythemia y’ibanze ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Dukurikije imibare yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ifata abantu bagera kuri babiri kuri buri 100.000. Abagore bafite amahirwe akubye kabiri ay’abagabo. Iyi ndwara ikunze kwibasira abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 60 na 80. Ariko, hafi 20% by’abayirwara bari munsi y’imyaka 40. Ni gake cyane ku bana kuyirwara. Iyo babikoze, birashoboka cyane ko bayikura mu buryo bw’uturemangingo bw’ababyeyi babo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi? Ubimenya ute?

Si abantu bose bafite ibimenyetso bimwe. Hari abantu bashobora kumara imyaka myinshi badafite ibimenyetso. Ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara gusa iyo umubare w'ibinure by'amaraso wiyongera buhoro buhoro. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ibiterwa no kubumba amaraso. Ibi bishobora kubaho ahantu nko mu bwonko, mu maboko no mu maguru. Ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho bitewe no kubumba amaraso birimo:

• Kurwara umutwe udakira .
• Kuzungera .
• Kumva ubushyuhe cyangwa gukubita mu biganza no mu birenge.
• Amaboko n'ibirenge bidafite imbaraga cyangwa bitukura .
• Impinduka mu miterere y'imvugo .
• Indwara zo mu mutwe .
• Indwara zo mu mutwe .
• Kubabara cyangwa kubabara mu gituza, mu maboko, mu mugongo, mu ijosi, mu rwasaya, cyangwa mu nda.
• Isesemi .
• Kugorwa no guhumeka (dyspnea).
• Kubabara mu gituza .
• Intege nke .
• Urwagashya - urugingo ruherereye ku ruhande rwo hejuru ibumoso rw'inda.
• Kuva amaraso mu mazuru (epistaxis).
• Ishinya zirimo kuva amaraso.
• Amaraso mu muyoboro w'amasasu.
• Amaraso mu nkari (hematuria).
• Kubabara byoroshye.
• Abagore bagira imihango myinshi .

Ibi bigira ingaruka zite ku gutwita?

Hari ibyago byose byo kuvura amaraso mu mubiri w'umugore mu gihe atwite. Ibi byago biba byinshi kurushaho ku mubyeyi utwite ufite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu mubiri. Nanone, uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura iyi ndwara ntibukwiriye abagore batwite cyangwa abateganya gutwita. Kubwibyo, niba urwaye iyi ndwara, ni ngombwa kubiganiraho na muganga mbere yo gutekereza kubyara umwana.

Ntiwibagirwe ko iyi ndwara ishobora gutera indwara z'umutima n'imitsi yo mu bwonko. Niba ufite iyi ndwara, ugomba guhamagara 1990 ako kanya niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'indwara z'umutima cyangwa imitsi yo mu bwonko.

Kuki iki kibazo kibaho? Impamvu ni izihe?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, ibi biterwa n'impinduka (mutations) muri za gene. Izi si za gene zibaho igihe umuntu avuka, ahubwo ni za gene zihinduka mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwe. By'umwihariko, impinduka muri za gene eshatu zigira ingaruka ku turemangingo tw'igufwa mu musemburo wacu w'amagufwa zigira uturemangingo tw'amaraso ni zo mpamvu nyamukuru. Izi gene ni:

• (JAK2) gene: Iyi gene ikora poroteyine yitwa ``(JAK2)``. Iyi poroteyine ifasha mu kugenzura ikorwa ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso.
• (CALR) gene: Iyi gene ikora poroteyine yitwa "calreticulin". Abashakashatsi bemeza ko igira uruhare mu kugenzura imikurire y'uturemangingo, kwigabanyamo ibice no gupfa.
• (MPL) Gene: Iyi gene izwi kandi nka "oncogene", gene ifitanye isano no gutera kanseri.

Iyo izi gene zihindutse, inzira yo gukora platelets mu musokoro w'amagufwa iba itagenzurwa kandi yihuta cyane. Ni nko gukubitwa n'icyuma gitera imbaraga! Icyo gihe umubiri ukora platelets nyinshi zirenze ubushobozi bwawo.

Abaganga bapima iki kibazo gute? (Isuzuma)

Niba umuganga akeka ko ufite iyi ndwara, abanza gukora isuzuma ry’umubiri . Bazanakubaza ibimenyetso byawe ndetse niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira ibibazo nk’ibyo. Hanyuma, bashobora gukora ibizamini bimwe na bimwe, urugero:

• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC): Ibi bigenzura urwego rw'ubwoko bwose bw'uturemangingo mu maraso yawe, cyane cyane umubare w'udupira duto (platelets).
• Gupima amaraso mu gice cyo hanze: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata ikizamini cy'amaraso no kureba plaquettes munsi ya mikorosikopi kugira ngo barebe niba ari ibisanzwe cyangwa bidasanzwe mu miterere n'ingano. Plaquettes zidasanzwe zishobora kuba nini kandi zifite imiterere itandukanye.
• Ibizamini by'umusemburo w'amagufwa: Hari igihe hashobora gufatwa urugero ruto rw'umusemburo w'amagufwa kugira ngo bipimwe (Bone Marrow Aspiration cyangwa Bone Marrow Biopsy). Ibi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma neza imiterere y'umusemburo w'amagufwa.
• Gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo: Ibi bizamini bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari impinduka mu turemangingo twavuze, nka (JAK2), (CALR), na (MPL).

Ibisubizo by'ibi bizamini bizafasha muganga wawe gusuzuma ibyago byawe no gutegura gahunda y'ubuvuzi. Muri rusange, ibintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara birimo:

• Kuba afite imyaka irenga 60.
• Kuba umugore.
• Kuba narigeze kugira amaraso afungana mbere.
• Kuba hari impinduka zavuzwe haruguru mu mubiri.

Ese buri wese akeneye imiti kuri ibi? Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura?

Ibi si bimwe kuri buri wese. Ku bantu bamwe, iyo badafite ibimenyetso, abaganga bashobora gutanga inama yo gukoresha ingamba yitwa "gutegereza witonze." Ibi bivuze ko bagomba kwitondera ibimenyetso kugira ngo barebe niba ibimenyetso byatangira kugaragara. Abantu bafite ibimenyetso cyangwa bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara amaraso bazakenera kuvurwa. Ubuvuzi bugamije cyane cyane gukumira kuvura amaraso cyangwa kugabanya urugero rw'imitsi ikoreshwa mu maraso. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti ikoreshwa muri ibi:

• Aspirine: Ibi bibuza amaraso kuzura. Ariko, abaganga baritondera guha aspirine abantu bafite umubare munini cyane wa platelets, kuko ishobora kongera amaraso mu bantu bafite indwara yitwa acquired Von Willebrand syndrome.
• Hydroxyurea: Uyu ni umuti wa chimiotherapie. Ugabanya urugero rw'udukoko twa platelet. Ushobora gutangwa hamwe na aspirine ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubyimba amaraso.
• Anagrelide: Kimwe na hydroxyurea, ibi bifasha kandi kugabanya urugero rw'imitsi ikoreshwa mu gutera amaraso mu maraso ndetse n'ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi yo mu bwonko.
• Interferon alfa:Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura indwara. Buhagarika platelets zidasanzwe kwigabanya no gukura.
• Busulfan: Uyu ni umuti urwanya kanseri. Uhabwa abantu badashobora kwakira hydroxyurea cyangwa badashobora kuyikoresha.
• Ruxolitinib: Uyu muti ukoreshwa ku bantu batakiriye indi miti kandi bafite ibimenyetso nko kuribwa, kumva bahaze ndetse no nyuma yo kurya bike, ndetse n'umunaniro ukabije.

Hari igihe, iyo urugero rwa platelet yawe rwiyongereye cyane mu buryo butunguranye, hakoreshwa uburyo bwitwa plateletpheresis . Muri ibi, amaraso yawe ahuzwa n'imashini yihariye, ikuraho zimwe muri platelet zirenze.

Ese hari uburyo bwo gukumira ibi?

Mu by’ukuri, oya. Ibi biterwa n’impinduka mu turemangingo, kandi nta kintu na kimwe twakora ngo tuburizemo izo mpinduka. Abashakashatsi ntibaramenya impamvu izi turemangingo zihinduka.

Ese birashoboka kubaho ubuzima busanzwe ufite iyi ndwara? Icyizere cyo kubaho ni ikihe?

Urashobora rwose! Nubwo waba ufite ibimenyetso, abaganga bashobora kugufasha kwirinda ingorane zikomeye nko kurwara indwara z'umutima no gucika imitsi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kudatinya no gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe witonze. Ku bijyanye n'igihe cy'ubuzima, bivugwa ko abantu bafite iyi ndwara bashobora kugira igihe cyo kubaho gito ugereranyije n'abatayifite. Ariko, ibi biratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Ibintu byinshi, nk'uko umeze n'imyitwarire yawe ku buzima, bigira ingaruka kuri ibi. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwiza bwo kubimenya ni ukubaza muganga wawe.

Niyitaho nte? (Kwiyitaho)

Abantu bafite uburwayi bwa thrombocythemia (essential thrombocythemia) bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubyimba kw'amaraso cyangwa kuva amaraso mu buryo budasanzwe. Hari ibintu byinshi wakora kugira ngo ugabanye ibi byago:

• Irinde kunywa itabi burundu: Abantu banywa itabi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara amaraso. Niba unywa itabi, shaka ubufasha bwo kurireka.
• Gumana ibiro byiza: Abantu bafite umubyibuho ukabije bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara amaraso. Shaka inama ku nzobere mu mirire kandi ukurikize gahunda nziza yo kurya.
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Imyitozo ngororamubiri igabanya ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso.
• Genzura izindi ndwara zongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw'amaraso: Niba ufite indwara nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, zigenzure neza.
• Menya neza ubuzima bwawe muri rusange: Hari igihe iyi ndwara ishobora kubaho nta bimenyetso, bityo rero baza muganga wawe ibimenyetso ugomba kwitondera.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga? Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze?

Niba ufite iyi ndwara, ni ngombwa cyane kujya kwisuzumisha buri gihe. Ibi bizatuma muganga wawe akurikirana indwara yawe, arebe urugero rw'imitsi yawe, kandi agire impinduka zikenewe mu kuvura. Mu gihe cy'impanuka, bivuze koNiba ubonye ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi, ugomba guhamagara 911 ako kanya ukajya kwa muganga. Ibimenyetso by'indwara y'umutima bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa gufungana (angina).
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Kumva ufite isesemi cyangwa ufite igifu kibabaza.
• Umutima utera cyane (gutera cyane).
• Kumva utekanye cyangwa nk'aho hari ikintu kibi kigiye kubaho.
• Kubira ibyuya.
• Kuzungera (vertigo), kutabona neza, cyangwa guta ubwenge.

Abagore bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bitandukanye:

• Umunaniro ukabije no kudasinzira.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka (dyspnea).
• Kubabara umugongo, ku bitugu, ku ijosi, ku maboko, cyangwa mu nda.
• Kuruka.

Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gucika intege cyangwa intege nke mu buryo butunguranye ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri (mu maso, ku kuboko).
• Kugorwa no kuvuga mu buryo butunguranye.
• Kubona nabi mu buryo butunguranye mu jisho rimwe cyangwa yombi.
• Kuzungera cyane, kugenda bigorana, no kubura uburinganire.
• Umutwe ukabije uhita uvuka nta mpamvu.

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga?

Kubera ko indwara ya thrombocythemia idasanzwe ari indwara idakunze kugaragara, ushobora kugira ibibazo byinshi kuri yo. Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, ntutindiganye kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Kuki ibi byambayeho?
• Ubu nta bimenyetso mfite. Ibimenyetso bizagaragara ryari?
• "Gutegereza witonze" bisobanura iki?
• Ni uwuhe muti munsaba?
• Ese nzagomba gufata imiti ubuzima bwanjye bwose?

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Sawa, reka nkubwire ibi kugira ngo bigufashe kwibuka zimwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi mu byo twaganiriyeho.

Indwara ya Thrombocythemia y’ingenzi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara mu maraso, aho umworera w’amagufwa ukora uturemangingo twinshi tw’amaraso twitwa platelets. Ibi byongera ibyago byo kubyimba kw’amaraso, indwara z’umutima, no gucika imitsi.

Nubwo idashobora gukira burundu, hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubufasha bwawe, ushobora kuyigenzura neza, ukagabanya ingorane, kandi ukabaho ubuzima busanzwe. Kubwibyo, niba ufite gushidikanya kuri ibi, cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bidasanzwe, shaka inama z'abaganga vuba. Ntabwo uri wenyine, kandi hari abaganga bagufasha muri uru rugendo. Thrombocythemia y'ingenzi, Platelets, Uduce tw'amaraso, Umwobo w'amagufwa, Indwara z'amaraso, Impinduka mu maraso, Kanseri