Malariya: Uburambe bw'ivuriro ry'abaturage mu mutima w'impeshyi

Hari ku gicamunsi gishyushye kandi gishyushye, kandi ivuriro ry’abaturage ryo mu mujyi rwagati ryari ryuzuyemo abantu benshi. Imiryango yateraniye mu mahema y’agateganyo, itegereje kubonana n’abaganga. Muri bo harimo Anil, umukozi w’abimukira w’imyaka 45 winjiye afite isura yera n’umubiri udafite imbaraga kandi uhinda umushyitsi.

“Muganga Priya,” yitonze ubwo yari yicaye, “Namaze iminsi mike numva meze nabi cyane. Byatangiye ndumva mfite umutwe n’imitsi ibabara, ariko ubu sinshobora kureka kubira ibyuya , kandi numva meze nk’aho ndimo gushya.”

Nahise mbona ukuntu yari afite umwijima, ahumeka vuba, n'ibyuya bimutemba mu maso. “Reka tukurebe, Anil,” naravuze, numva ko dushobora kuba turimo guhangana n'indwara yo mu turere dushyuha.

Malariya ni iki?

Nyuma yo gusuzuma no gusuzuma amateka y’iyi ndwara, ibimenyetso bya Anil byagaragaje ko ari malariya, indwara yo mu turere dushyuha iterwa na parasite ya Plasmodium . Namusobanuriye nti: “Malariya yandura binyuze mu kurumwa n’imibu y’ingore yanduye yitwa Anopheles . Iyi mikorobe ijya mu mwijima ikagwira mbere yo kwinjira mu maraso, aho yanduza uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso igatera ibimenyetso nk’ibyo ubona.”

Yasaga n'ufite impungenge. Yagize ati: “Ariko nditondera cyane kubungabunga ahantu mpuriye n'aho ndi hose.”

Naramusubije nti: “Ufite uburenganzira bwo kwirinda, ariko imibu ishobora kumera no mu bidendezi bito cyane by’amazi adatemba cyangwa kurumwa mu gihe tutari tubyiteze, cyane cyane mu turere dutose nk’ubu.”

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima (OMS) ugaragaza ko mu 2020 hagaragaye abantu miliyoni 241 banduye malariya ku isi, abenshi muri bo bakaba bari mu bihugu byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara no mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Aziya.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Malariya?

Nasabye Anil gusobanura ibimenyetso bye mu buryo burambuye. Yanditse:

• Umutwe ukabije
• Ububabare bw'imitsi
• Umuriro urimo gukonja no kubira ibyuya
• Umunaniro ukabije n'isesemi

“Ibyo ni ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya malariya.” “Malariya ikunze gutangirana n’ibimenyetso nk’ibicurane nyuma y’icyumweru cyangwa irenga umubu ukurumwe, kandi umuriro ukunze kuza mu buryo butandukanye.”

Yafashe umutwe, yongeraho ati “Numva ari indwara mbi cyane nigeze kugira. Kubira ibyuya no kunyeganyega biragoye kwihanganira.”

Ibimenyetso bya malariya biterwa no kwangirika kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso n'udukoko, bigatera kubura amaraso no kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nk'umuriro n'ubukonje.

Ni gute Malariya ipimwa?

Nategetse Anil gupimwa amaraso kugira ngo nemeze ko arwaye. Nasobanuye nti: “Ikizamini cyihuse cyo gusuzuma cyangwa gupimwa amaraso hifashishijwe mikorosikopi bishobora kugaragaza ko hari udukoko twanduye.”

“Ese ikizamini kizakubabaza?” yabajije afite ubwoba.

Naravuze nti: “Ni agatobe gato ko gukurura amaraso. Ibisubizo bizadufasha kumenya ubwoko bw'udukoko twa malariya dutera indwara yawe.”

Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bw'udukoko twa Plasmodium dutera malariya mu bantu: P. vivax , P. ovale , P. malariae , na P. falciparum . Muri ubwo bwoko, P. falciparum ni yo iteje akaga cyane bitewe n'uko ishobora guteza ingorane zikomeye.

Malariya ni mbi ku rugero rungana iki?

Ubwo navugaga P. falciparum , amaso ya Anil yarafungutse. “Ese irashyira ubuzima mu kaga?”

“Birashobora kubaho iyo bitavuwe,” nasubije mu buryo buboneye. “Mu bihe bikomeye, malariya ishobora gutera ingorane nka malariya yo mu bwonko, impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza, ndetse no kubura amaraso mu mubiri cyane. Ariko iyo tuvuwe vuba, dushobora gukumira izi ngaruka.”

Nk’uko Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) kibitangaza, P. falciparum ni yo nyirabayazana w’impfu hafi ya zose ziterwa na malariya ku isi. Ariko, kuvurwa hakiri kare hakoreshejwe imiti irwanya malariya bishobora kurokora ubuzima.

Malariya ivurwa ite?

Ubwo twari dutegereje ibisubizo by'ibizamini, naganiriye kuri gahunda y'ubuvuzi ya Anil. Naravuze nti: “Niba ibimenyetso byemejwe ko urwaye malariya, tuzahita dutangira gufata imiti yo kurwanya malariya.”

• Imiti irwanya malariya : “Imiti isanzwe irimo imiti ivanze ishingiye kuri artemisinin (ACTs), ifite akamaro kanini mu kurwanya P. falciparum .”
• Ubuvuzi mu Bitaro : “Mu bihe bikomeye, imiti iterwa mu mitsi n’ubuvuzi bufasha bishobora gukenerwa.”

Anil yabajije ati “Ese nzakenera kuguma mu bitaro?”

“Si ngombwa,” ndamuhumuriza. “Niba ibimenyetso byawe bidakomeye kandi ukira neza imiti yo kunywa, ushobora gukira uri mu rugo. Ariko tuzagukurikirana neza niba hari ingorane iyo ari yo yose.”

OMS isaba ACTs nk'uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura malariya ya P. falciparum idafite ingorane. Kuri P. vivax na P. ovale , umuti witwa primaquine ukoreshwa mu kurwanya ibyiciro by'umwijima usinziriye w'udukoko.

Ni gute Malariya yakwirindwa?

Mbere yo kugenda, Anil yabajije ati “Nakora iki kugira ngo ibi bitazongera kubaho ukundi?”

Nashimangiye akamaro ko kwirinda:

1. Inzitiramibu : “Buri gihe uryama munsi y’umuyoboro urimo umuti wica udukoko, cyane cyane mu masaha yo kuruma cyane nijoro.”
2. Ibiyobyabwenge : “Koresha imiti irimo DEET ku ruhu rugaragara.”
3. Imyambaro : “Ambara amaboko maremare n'ipantaro kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurumwa n'umubu.”
4. Kugenzura ibidukikije : “Kuraho amazi adatemba hirya no hino mu rugo rwawe kugira ngo ukureho aho imibu yororokera.”

CDC igaragaza ko inzitiramibu zirimo imiti yica udukoko zishobora kugabanya ikwirakwira rya malariya kugeza kuri 50%, bigatuma ziba zimwe mu ngamba zo kwirinda malariya mu turere twakunze kugaragaramo.

Gukira kwa Anil

Isuzuma ry'amaraso ryemeza ko Anil yari afite malariya ya P. vivax , nubwo itari ikomeye cyane nka P. falciparum , ariko yagombaga kuvurwa vuba. Nyuma yo gutangira imiti, yasubiye kwa muganga nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe, asa neza cyane. Yagize ati: “Urakoze, Dr. Priya,” aseka cyane. “Nzakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo nkurikize inama zawe zose.”

Gukira kwe byamwibukije akamaro ko kumenya, gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare, no kuvurwa ku gihe mu kurwanya malariya.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ku Bijyanye na Malariya