Utekereza iki uramutse uvuye mu rugendo mu mahanga, cyangwa ndetse no mu rugendo rugoye muri Sri Lanka, maze ukarwara indwara nk'ibicurane, ukumva ufite intege nke, ukagira umuriro? Ubusanzwe, dutekereza tuti, “Bigomba kuba ari umuriro uterwa na virusi .” Ariko, bishobora kuba ikintu gikomeye kurushaho. Malariya ni imwe mu ndwara ziteye ubwoba. Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'umubu ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga iyo idavuwe neza. Reka tuvuge kuri malariya mu magambo yoroheje uyu munsi.
Malariya ni iki?
Muri make, malariya ni indwara iterwa n'udukoko twinjira mu mibiri yacu binyuze mu kurumwa n'umubu wanduye. Iyi parasite twita Plasmodium . Nubwo malariya itagikwirakwira muri Sri Lanka, iyi ndwara iracyagaragara mu bantu bagiye mu bihugu bya Afurika, mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Amerika y'Epfo, no mu bihugu byo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya.
Mu by’ukuri, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi barwara malariya buri mwaka, kandi ibihumbi amagana na byo birapfa. Rero si indwara yo gufatwa nk'aho ari iyoroheje. Umubu utera iyi ndwara witwa umubu wa Anopheles. Ukeneye ikirere gishyushye kugira ngo utere imbere. Niyo mpamvu ukunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu bya Afurika na Aziya.
Ubwoko bw'udukoko dutera malariya
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukoko twa Plasmodium dutera malariya. Buri bwoko butera ubwoko butandukanye bw'indwara. Reka turebe ubwoko bw'ingenzi.
| Ubwoko bw'udukoko | Umwihariko |
|---|---|
| Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) | Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa malariya bukabije kandi buteje akaga cyane . Iyi parasite ikwirakwira vuba cyane mu maraso, igasenya uturemangingo twinshi dutukura tw’amaraso. Ishobora kandi kuziba imitsi mito y’amaraso mu bwonko, igatera ikibazo gikomeye cyitwa malariya yo mu bwonko. |
| Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) | Ubwo bwoko bushobora kurara mu mwijima wawe bukongera bukongera gukora amezi menshi, ndetse n'imyaka, nyuma y'uko umubu ukurumwe. |
| Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) | Ibi nabyo bisa cyane n'ubwoko bwa vivax kandi bikunze kugaragara muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba no mu birwa bya Pasifika. |
| Malariya ya Plasmodium (P. malariya) | Iyo itavuwe, ubwo bwoko bushobora gutera indwara idakira imara ubuzima bwose. Ubwo bwoko bugaragara ku isi yose. |
Malariya yandura ite?
Iyi ni inzira yoroshye cyane. Tekereza, umubu witwa Anopheles uruma umuntu urwaye malariya. Hanyuma udukoko two mu maraso y'umurwayi twinjira mu mubiri w'umubu. Hanyuma, nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe, utwo dukoko tumera mu mitsi y'amacandwe y'umubu. Noneho, iyo uyu mubu urumye umuntu muzima, utwo dukoko twinjira mu mubiri w'undi muntu hamwe n'amacandwe.
Igikuru ni uko malariya atari indwara ishobora kwanduzwa n'umuntu umwe, nk'ibicurane cyangwa grippe, binyuze mu gukorakora, gusangira ibiryo, cyangwa kwitsamura. Ntabwo yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Kugira ngo uyirware, ugomba kurumwa n'umubu wanduye.
Ariko, ni gake cyane, ishobora kwanduzwa binyuze mu bundi buryo.
- Mu gutanga amaraso y'umuntu wanduye ku muntu muzima.
- Mu gutera urugingo rw'umubiri ku muntu wanduye.
- Mu gusangira inshinge zandujwe n'amaraso yanduye.
- Iyo umubyeyi utwite arwaye malariya, umwana nawe ashobora kuyandura.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya malariya?
Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi 10 kugeza kuri 15 nyuma yo kurumwa n'umubu wanduye. Ibi bimenyetso bisa cyane n'iby'ibicurane bisanzwe, bityo bishobora kugorana kubibona mu ntangiriro.
| Ibimenyetso bisanzwe | Ibimenyetso by'indwara ikomeye (hakenewe ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga!) |
|---|---|
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Icy'ingenzi: Amoko amwe ya malariya, nka P. vivax, ashobora gufata ibyumweru birenga bibiri kugira ngo ibimenyetso bigaragare. Niba rero ugize umuriro ndetse no mu kwezi kumwe uvuye mu rugendo rwo mu mahanga, ugomba kubibwira muganga wawe iby'urugendo.
Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?
Malariya ni indwara ishobora kwiyongera vuba. Rero ni byiza gutangira kuvurwa vuba bishoboka . Niba waragiye mu gihugu gikunze kwibasirwa na malariya ukarwara umuriro cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso, hita ubonana na muganga .
Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kutabona neza, gupfukama, cyangwa guhumeka nabi, jya ku bitaro bikurura abantu byihutirwa (ETU) bikwegereye vuba.
Ni gute wasuzuma indwara?
Niba muganga wawe akeka ko malariya imaze kumva ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'urugendo rwawe, azagutegeka ibipimo byinshi kugira ngo byemezwe.
- Gupima amaraso: Iki ni cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi kandi gikwiye. Hafatwa icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe, hongerwaho irangi ryihariye, hanyuma icyitegererezo kigasuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari udukoko. Ibi bishobora kandi kumenya ubwoko bw'udukoko n'ingano y'udukoko turi mu maraso yawe.
- Ikizamini cyo Gusuzuma Indwara Yihuse (RDT): Iki gipimo gisa n'ikizamini cya antigen ya COVID. Gishobora gutanga ibisubizo byihuse hakoreshejwe urutoki. Ariko, ntigishobora kumenya neza ubwoko bw'udukoko, bityo akenshi hakenerwa isuzuma ry'amaraso.
- Ikizamini cya PCR: Iki gipimo gisuzuma niba ADN y'agakoko gatera indwara iri mu maraso. Ibi bishobora kumenya ubwoko bw'agakoko neza cyane.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura malariya?
Ubuvuzi bufatwa hashingiwe ku bintu byinshi.
- Ubwoko bw'udukoko twandujwe.
- Ubukana bw'ibimenyetso.
- Aho wanduriye iyi ndwara (kugira ngo umenye niba hari udukoko turwanya imiti muri ako gace).
- Waba utwite cyangwa utatwite.
- imyaka yawe.
Muganga azabireba byose maze aguhe umuti ukubereye. Ubusanzwe, amatsinda y'imiti akoreshwa ni `(Chloroquine)` na `(Artemisinin-based combination therapy – ACT)`. Ntuzigere ufata umuti uwo ari wo wose wumva umeze udafite inama ya muganga. Abarwayi barembye cyane bari mu bitaro kandi bakavurwa mu mitsi `(IV)`.
Wakwirinda malariya gute?
Itondere ibi bintu, cyane cyane niba ugiye mu gihugu aho malariya ikunze kugaragara.
- Ambara imyenda itwikiriye umubiri wawe neza: ipantaro ndende, amashati y'amaboko maremare. Gabanya amahirwe y'uko imibu ikuruma.
- Koresha imiti yica udukoko: Siga ibikoresho birimo nk'ibinyabutabire nka DEET cyangwa Picaridin ku ruhu rurimo.
- Koresha inzitiramibu: Ni ngombwa gukoresha inzitiramibu mu gihe uryamye, cyane cyane iyo amadirishya adakingiwe.
- Fata imiti yo kwirinda: Mbere yo kujya mu gace gakunze kwibasirwa na malariya, reba muganga wawe hanyuma ubone ikinini cyo kwirinda malariya (prophylaxis). Ibi binini bigomba gufatwa mbere, mu gihe, no mu gihe runaka nyuma y'urugendo.
- Urukingo rwa Malariya: Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima ubu watanze inama ku nkingo `(RTS,S/AS01)` na `(R21/Matrix-M)` ku bana bo mu karere ka Afurika, aho malariya ikunze kugaragara. Iki ni igikorwa gikomeye mu kurwanya malariya.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Malariya ni indwara ikomeye kandi ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga yanduzwa n'imibu yanduye.
- Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso nk'umuriro n'ububabare bw'umubiri nyuma yo kujya mu mahanga, cyane cyane mu gihugu aho malariya ikunze kugaragara, hita ubonana na muganga.
- Ni ingenzi cyane kubwira muganga wawe amakuru y'urugendo rwawe.
- Gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no kuyivura bishobora gukumira ingorane zikomeye.
- Mbere yo kujya mu gace karangwamo malariya, ganira na muganga wawe ku buryo bwo kwirinda malariya ndetse n'imiti yo kuyirinda.
Malariya, Imibu, Umuriro, Ibimenyetso bya Malariya, Kuvura Malariya, Kurinda Malariya, Plasmodium
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