Ese twavuga ku ndwara yo guhangayika nyuma yo guhungabana (PTSD)?

Tekereza ko wahuye n'ikintu giteye ubwoba utarigeze uhura nacyo mbere. Gishobora kuba impanuka ikomeye y'imodoka, ibiza bisanzwe, cyangwa urupfu rutunguranye rw'uwo ukunda. Nyuma y'icyo gikorwa, ushobora kumva uremerewe cyane, uhangayitse, kandi uremerewe cyane. Hari igihe ushobora kongera kwibuka icyo kintu inshuro nyinshi, nk'aho ari cyo cyongeye kubaho koko. Ibi nibyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi, byitwa indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y'ihungabana (PTSD). Iki ni ikintu gishobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu benshi, bityo ni ngombwa kucyitondera.

PTSD ni iki mu buryo bworoshye?

Muri make, PTSD ni indwara yo mu mutwe abantu bamwe bahura nayo nyuma yo guhura n’ikibazo gikomeye kandi giteye ihungabana. Iki kintu gishobora kuba cyarashyize ubuzima mu kaga, cyangwa kikaba cyaragize ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho yawe y’umubiri n’iy’ubwonko. PTSD ishobora kugira ingaruka ku muntu uwo ari we wese w’imyaka iyo ari yo yose, kuva ku bana bato kugeza ku bakuru.

Umuntu urwaye PTSD agira ibitekerezo bikomeye kandi bibabaza bijyanye n'ibyabaye. Ibi bishobora gukomeza igihe kirekire nyuma y'uko ibyabaye bibaye. PTSD ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bijyanye n'imihangayiko nka:

• Guhora uhangayitse ( guhangayika ), agahinda ( kwiheba ), cyangwa kwicira urubanza cyangwa isoni .
• Kumva nk'aho icyo kintu kirimo kuba koko (kwibuka ibintu bishya) cyangwa kurota inzozi mbi .
• Kwirinda ahantu, ibintu, n'ibikorwa bifitanye isano n'icyo gikorwa.

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutera stress nyinshi kandi bishobora kubangamira ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi .

Ni iki gitera ihungabana?

Ihungabana , cyangwa ikintu giteje akaga, ni ikintu cyose gishyira ubuzima bwawe mu kaga cyangwa umutekano wawe. Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko kiba ikintu kimwe gusa (nk'impanuka y'imodoka ibaye rimwe). Rishobora kandi kuba ihungabana ry'igihe kirekire . Tekereza ku bintu nko kubaho mu gihe cy'intambara cyangwa guhura n'ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo.

Kandi, iyi hungabana ntabwo ari ngombwa ko rikugeraho ako kanya. Ushobora kuba warabonye ikintu giteye ubwoba n'amaso yawe. Cyangwa, ushobora kugira PTSD nyuma yo kumenya ko hari ikintu kibi cyabaye ku muntu wawe wa hafi .

Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe z'ibintu biteje akaga:

• Impanuka zikomeye (urugero: impanuka ikomeye y'imodoka).
• Gukomereka bikomeye ku mubiri cyangwa indwara ikomeye itunguranye.
• Intambaran'intambara za gisirikare (abantu bo mu gihugu cyacu nabo bafite ubunararibonye muri ibi).
• Ibiza bisanzwe (urugero: tsunami, imitingito, imyuzure , inkongi z'umuriro).
• Guhohoterwa ku mubiri.
• Gutuka mu magambo (gutuka buri gihe, ibikangisho).
• Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.
• Gutoteza ku ishuri cyangwa ku kazi.
• Urupfu rutunguranye rw'umuntu ukunda.

Ese hari ubwoko bwa PTSD?

Yego, hari izindi ndwara ebyiri zisa cyane na PTSD.

• Indwara yo guhangayika cyane: Iyi ni indwara yo mu mutwe y'igihe gito ishobora kubaho mu kwezi kwa mbere nyuma y'ikintu giteye ishozi. Ariko, niba ibimenyetso bimara igihe kirenze ibyumweru bine, ishobora kuba ari PTSD.
• PTSD ikomeye (CPTSD): Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo uhuye n'ihungabana mu gihe kirekire. Urugero, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri cyangwa imibonano mpuzabitsina kenshi ukiri umwana, ihohoterwa ryo mu rugo igihe kirekire, cyangwa intambara. Abantu barwaye PTSD bakunze kugira ibibazo bikomeye byo gucunga amarangamutima , gutekereza kuri bo ubwabo, no kubana n'abandi, hiyongereyeho ibimenyetso bya PTSD.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

PTSD ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Hagati ya 5% na 10% by'abantu bahura n'ikibazo cy'ihungabana barwara PTSD. Ibyo bivuze ko atari buri wese, ariko igira ingaruka ku bantu benshi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya PTSD?

Kugira ngo umuganga amenye PTSD, ibimenyetso bigomba kumara ukwezi kurenga. Nanone, ibimenyetso bigomba kugutera umubabaro mwinshi cyangwa bikabangamira imikorere yawe ya buri munsi.

Ibimenyetso bya PTSD bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bine by'ingenzi:

1. Ibitekerezo n'ibyamubayeho byinjira (Ibimenyetso by'Ukwinjira)

Ibi bivuze ko icyo kintu kibi gikomeza kugaruka mu bwenge bwawe inshuro nyinshi.

• Kwibuka ibyabaye mu buryo buhoraho kandi butagenzurwa. Ni nko kureba ibyabaye muri icyo gihe inshuro nyinshi nk'uko filime ibivuga.
• Kugira inzozi ziteye ubwoba, cyane cyane inzozi zijyanye n'ibyabaye.
• Ukwibuka ibintu byabayeho ni igihe wumva ko ikintu kirimo kongera kuba koko. Ibi biragaragara cyane, ushobora kumva uri aho ngaho muri ako kanya. Hari igihe ushobora no kubyumva cyangwa kubyumva.

2. Ibimenyetso byo kwirinda

Ibi bikubiyemo kugerageza kuguma kure y'ibintu byose bikwibutsa icyo kintu kibi cyane.

• Kwirinda abantu, ahantu, ibikorwa, ibintu, n'imimerere bifitanye isano n'ibyabaye. Urugero, ushobora kwirinda kujya mu muhanda aho impanuka yabereye.
• Ndirinda gutekereza kuri icyo kintu cyabaye no kucyibuka.
• Wirinda kubwira abandi ibyabaye cyangwa uko ubyumva.

3. Impinduka mu mitekerereze n'amarangamutima

Ibi bishobora kugira itandukaniro rikomeye mu buryo ubona isi, uko witekerezaho, n'uko wiyumva.

• Ubwoba buhoraho, ubwoba, uburakari, kwicira urubanza , cyangwa isoni.
• Ibice by'ingenzi by'icyo gikorwa kibi birimo kwibagirana.
• Ibitekerezo n'amarangamutima bibi kandi bihindagurika kuri wowe ubwawe cyangwa abandi. Ushobora gutekereza ibintu nk'ibi ngo, "Ndibeshya," "Nta muntu ushobora kwizerwa."
• Gufata nabi impamvu cyangwa ingaruka z'ibyabaye no kwishinja cyangwa kwishinja abandi.
• Kumva uri wenyine kandi uri wenyine .
• Ibintu byateraga ibyishimo ntibikizana ibyishimo.
• Kudashobora kumva amarangamutima meza. Bisa nkaho udashobora kumva ibintu nk'ibyishimo n'urukundo.

4. Impinduka mu gukanguka no gukora ibikorwa bishya

Muri ibi, umubiri wawe uhora "uri maso," ugakora no ku bintu bito cyane.

• Kurakara vuba no kurakara vuba.
• Gukora ibintu mu buryo butari bwo no mu buryo bwiyangiza (urugero: gutwara imodoka yihuta cyane, kunywa inzoga nyinshi).
• Kuba maso cyane ku bidukikije (Hypervigilance). Guhora utinya akaga.
• Urusaku ruto rutuma usimbuka.
• Kugorwa no gushyira ibitekerezo ku kintu runaka cyangwa kudashobora gusinzira.

Ni iki kibaho iyo abana bato barwaye PTSD?

Iyo abana bato barwaye PTSD, bashobora kugorwa no gusobanura neza uko bumva. Cyangwa bashobora kuba barahuye n'ihungabana utazi. Bashobora kuba badafite amahoro, bahora bahinda umushyitsi, cyangwa bakagira ingorane zo kwita ku bintu cyangwa gukora ibintu mu buryo buri ku murongo.

Ibi bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwitiranywa n'iby'indwara yitwa Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Kubwibyo, niba umwana wawe afite ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa kubonana n'inzobere (urugero: inzobere mu ndwara zo mu mutwe z'abana) ufite uburambe mu gusuzuma PTSD.

Ni izihe ngorane zindi PTSD ishobora gutera?

Abantu bafite PTSD bashobora guhura n’izi ndwara cyane, kandi zishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bya PTSD birushaho kuba bibi:

• Indwara zo mu mutwe - urugero nk'ihungabana.
• Indwara zo guhangayika.
• Ndetse n'indwara zijyanye n'imitsi, nka dementia.
• Indwara yo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge / Indwara yo gukoresha inzoga.

Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, abantu bafite PTSD baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo gutekereza no kugerageza kwiyahura.

Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi yumva afite agahinda, nyamuneka ntukabe wenyine. Vugana n'umuntu wizeye ako kanya, jya kwa muganga, cyangwa uhamagare umurongo w'ubutabazi bwihutirwa bw'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe nka 1926 (Sumatiri) muri Sri Lanka. Ntutinye gusaba ubufasha, nturi wenyine.

Ni iki gitera PTSD?

Mu by’ukuri, hagati ya 61% na 80% by’abaturage bazagira ikibazo gikomeye mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwabo. Ariko, si bose bazarwara PTSD. Muri iri tsinda, hagati ya 5% na 10% bazarwara PTSD.

Ntabwo byumvikana neza impamvu bamwe barwara PTSD abandi ntibayirwara, ndetse na nyuma yo guhura n’ikibazo nk’icyo. Icyakora, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu barwaye PTSD bafite urugero rudasanzwe rw’imiti imwe n’imwe itera ubwonko n’imisemburo . Bashobora kandi kugira impinduka mu mikorere y’ubwonko bwabo .

Impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko n'imisemburo

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bafite PTSD, nubwo bakomeza kugira stress, bashobora kugira urugero rusanzwe cyangwa ruri hasi rw'imisemburo yitwa `(Cortisol)` (izwi kandi nka "imisemburo y'stress"). Bafite kandi urugero rwo hejuru rwa `(Corticotropin-Releasing Factor - CRF). Iyi `(CRF)` itera imbaraga irekurwa ry'ikinyabutabire cyitwa `(Norepinephrine). Iyi `(Norepinephrine)` itera imbaraga umubiri wacu usubiza `(kurwana cyangwa guhunga)`. Ibi nibyo bituma ibi bintu bibaho:

• Umutima utera cyane.
• Ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Kwihuta mu byo ukora no kurakara vuba.

Byongeye kandi, impinduka mu mikorere y'izindi sisitemu zimwe na zimwe z'imitsi zagaragaye, urugero:

• Aside ya Gamma-aminobutiriki (GABA)
• Glutamate
• Serotonin

Aba bose ni nk'intumwa nto mu bwonko bwacu, kandi ibibazo nk'ibi bivuka iyo akazi kabo kadakozwe neza.

Impinduka mu bwonko

PTSD ifitanye isano n'impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu mikorere n'imiterere y'ubwonko bwawe:

• Ingano y'igice cy'ubwonko bwawe cyitwa "Hippocampus" iragabanuka. Iyi "Hippocampus" ni igice cy'ingenzi kigenzura imbaraga zacu, amarangamutima, kwiga no kwibuka.
• Amygdala (igenzura amarangamutima yacu n'uburyo dusubiza ubwoba) ikora cyane ku bantu bafite PTSD. Ibi bivuze ko bagira ubwoba bwinshi ndetse n'ibintu bito cyane bibatera guhangayika.
• Igice cyitwa Medial Prefrontal Cortex (gifasha kugenzura amarangamutima muri Amygdala) cyagaragaye ko ari gito kandi kidakunze kugaragara ku bantu bafite PTSD.

Nubwo ibi bishobora gusa n'ibigoye, ukuri ni uko PTSD atari ikintu kiri mu mutwe gusa, ahubwo inafitanye isano n'impinduka mu bwonko bwacu mu by'imiti n'imiterere.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara PTSD?

Ntibishoboka kuvuga neza uzarwara PTSD nyuma y'ikintu giteye ihungabana, ariko abantu bakurikira bafite amahirwe make yo kurwara PTSD:

• Cyane cyane abahuye n'ihungabana rikomeye (urugero: guhura n'imirwano ikomeye mu gihe cy'akazi ka gisirikare, gukorerwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina).
• Abahuye n'ihungabana mu bwana bwabo.
• Abakomeretse ku mubiri muri icyo gikorwa.
• Abagize ubwoba bwinshi, babuze icyo bakora, cyangwa baragize ubwoba bwinshi igihe ibyo byabaga.
• Abatabonye inkunga ihagije iturutse muri sosiyete, mu muryango no mu nshuti nyuma y’impanuka ikomeye.
• Abahuye n'ihungabana ryamaze igihe kirekire cyangwa rikomeje .
• Abasanzwe bafite ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge .

Wamenya ute ko ufite PTSD?

Nta kizamini cyihariye gitangwa kugira ngo umenye PTSD. Ahubwo, umuganga azagusuzuma nyuma yo kukubaza ibi bikurikira:

• Ibimenyetso byawe.
• Amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi.
• Amateka yawe y'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
• Ku bijyanye n'ibintu biteye ihungabana wahuye nabyo.

Ushobora gusanga bigoye kuvuga ku byabaye. Muri ibyo bihe, ushobora gushaka kuzana umuntu wizeye (uwo mu muryango wawe, inshuti yawe) kwa muganga. Ibi bizaguha ihumure kandi bigufashe gusobanura ibimenyetso byawe n'impinduka mu myitwarire yawe.

Abaganga bakoresha ibipimo biri mu gitabo cy’ubuvuzi n’imibare cy’indwara zo mu mutwe cy’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5). Verisiyo iheruka ni DSM-5-TR. Kugira ngo umenye PTSD, ugomba kuba ufite nibura kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe :

• Nibura igitekerezo kimwe cyangwa ikintu kimwe cyabayeho (ikimenyetso cyo kwinjira).
• Nibura ikimenyetso kimwe cyo kwirinda.
• Nibura impinduka ebyiri mu mitekerereze n'amarangamutima.
• Nibura impinduka ebyiri ziteye ubwoba ku mubiri no mu bwenge.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugukorera isuzuma ry’umubiri no gupima amaraso kugira ngo arebe niba hari indi mpamvu y’umubiri itera bimwe mu bimenyetso byawe.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura PTSD?

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura PTSD ni ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe cyangwa ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga. By'umwihariko, ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bwitwa Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) burakora cyane.

Ubu buvuzi butangwa n'umujyanama w'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe wabyigiye kandi wemewe.Uwo ashobora kuba inzobere mu by'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze. Batanga ubufasha, uburezi, n'ubuyobozi kuri wowe n'umuryango wawe, kugira ngo bagufashe kubaho neza no kunoza imibereho yawe yo mu mutwe.

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura PTSD bukoreshwa mu buryo bwa CBT:

• Ubuvuzi bwo Gutunganya Ibitekerezo: Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura bwagenewe by'umwihariko PTSD. Bwibanze ku guhindura amarangamutima mabi ababaza ( nk'ikimwaro n'urwitwazo) n'imyizerere iterwa n'ihungabana. Bunagufasha guhangana n'ibintu bigutera agahinda n'amarangamutima.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura no kongera gukoresha amaso mu buryo busanzwe (EMDR): Muri ubu buryo, uhindura amaso yawe mu buryo bwihariye mu gihe urimo utunganya ibintu bibabaje. Intego ya EMDR ni ukugufasha gukira ihungabana cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima. Ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, EMDR ni uburyo bushya. Ariko, igeragezwa ryinshi ryagaragaje ko bufite akamaro kandi ko bushobora gufasha abantu gukira vuba kurusha ubundi buryo.
• Ubuvuzi bw'amatsinda: Ibi bikubiyemo abantu bahuye n'ibintu nk'ibi bibabaza bahurira hamwe kugira ngo basangire ibyo bahuye na byo n'ibyiyumvo byabo mu buryo bwiza, butabacira urubanza. Kubera ko ibibazo bya PTSD bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muryango wose, ubuvuzi bw'umuryango nabwo bushobora kuba ingirakamaro.
• Ubuvuzi bwo Gukoresha Igihe Kirekire: Muri ubu buvuzi, uhura n'amashusho arambuye kandi arambuye y'ihungabana cyangwa ibintu bigutera ibimenyetso mu buryo bwizewe kandi bugenzurwa. Ibi bigufasha guhangana n'ubwoba bwawe, kubugenzura, no kwiga kubaho nabwo.
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku ihungabana (CBT): Ubu buvuzi bugufasha kumenya uko umubiri wawe witwara mu ihungabana n'imihangayiko. Bunagufasha kumenya no guhindura imiterere y'imitekerereze igoye no kwiga ubuhanga bwo gucunga ibimenyetso byawe. Bukubiyemo kandi uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa no kwihisha.

Imiti ivura PTSD

Kugeza ubu, nta miti yemewe by’umwihariko n’Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n’imiti muri Amerika (FDA) ku ndwara ya PTSD. Ariko, abaganga bashobora kwandika imiti imwe n’imwe kugira ngo ifashe mu kugabanya bimwe mu bimenyetso bya PTSD. Urugero:

• Imiti igabanya ububabare - nka Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) cyangwa Serotonin na Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs).
• Imiti igabanya ububabare.

Muganga wawe ni we uzafata icyemezo cyo gukoresha iyi miti cyangwa kuyikoresha, n'icyo ukoresha. Ntuzigere ukoresha iyi miti nta nama za muganga.

Ese PTSD ishobora gukira? Ejo hazaza ni he?

Uko PTSD ikwirakwira bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Ariko, mu bihe byinshi, ubuvuzi bushobora kugufasha gukira. Iyo uvuwe, abantu bagera kuri 30% bakira burundu. Abandi 40% barushaho koroherwa no kuvurwa, ariko hari ibimenyetso byoroheje bishobora kugumaho. Kuri bamwe, iyo bafashijwe n'abakunzi babo, ibimenyetso bya PTSD birashira uko igihe kigenda, ndetse no iyo batavuwe n'inzobere.

Igikuru ni ugusaba ubufasha no gushaka ubuvuzi. Icyo gihe amahirwe yo gukira aba menshi cyane.

Ese PTSD ishobora kwirindwa?

Ikibabaje ni uko tudashobora kwirinda ko ikintu giteye ihungabana kibaho buri gihe. Ariko, hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hari intambwe zimwe na zimwe ushobora gutera nyuma y’ibyabaye kugira ngo ufashe mu gukumira indwara ya PTSD. Ibi byitwa "ibintu byo kwirinda." Dore zimwe muri zo:

• Gushaka ubufasha ku bandi (nk'inshuti n'umuryango) nyuma y'ibyabaye. Ibi bitera kumva ufite umutekano.
• Kwinjira mu itsinda ry’abaterankunga nyuma y’ibyabaye mu buryo bubabaje ni uburyo bwiza bwo kuganira n’abantu bahuye n’ibintu bisa nawe.
• Kwiga gutekereza neza ku buryo witwaye mu gihe cy'impanuka.
• Kwitoza ingamba nziza zo guhangana n'ikibazo nyuma y'impanuka (urugero: gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, gukora ibintu bihumuriza ubwonko, aho kugerageza kwibagirwa ibibazo bishingiye ku nzoga).
• Kuba ushobora kugira icyo ukora no gusubiza neza, ndetse n'igihe wumva ufite ubwoba.
• Gufasha abandi, cyane cyane iyo ari ikintu giteye ishozi kigira ingaruka ku bantu benshi, nk'ibiza bisanzwe.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Ni ingenzi cyane kujya kwa muganga wawe cyangwa umujyanama w’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe buri gihe nyuma y’ikibazo cy’ihungabana. Niba ibimenyetso byawe birushijeho gukomera, menya neza ko uganira na muganga wawe. Ntugatinye cyangwa ngo ugire ubwoba. Iri si ikosa ryawe.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa?

Niba ufite igitekerezo cyo kwiyahura cyangwa kwiyahura , iki ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane. Muri icyo gihe, nyamuneka jya mu cyumba cy’indembe cy’ibitaro biri hafi yawe ako kanya, cyangwa uhamagare umurongo w’ubutabazi bw’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe nka 1926 (Sumatiri).

Gushaka ubufasha bw'inzobere nyuma y'ikintu giteye ihungabana bishobora kugorana. Ariko ibuka ko PTSD ari indwara ivurwa. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, hamwe no kuvurwa, uzatangira kumva umeze neza. Vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvura. Wibuke ko bahora bahari kugira ngo bagufashe kandi bagushyigikire.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Ni ibisanzwe kugira ihungabana ry’amarangamutima nyuma y’ikintu giteye ihungabana. Ariko, iyo ibyo bibazo bikomeje kandi bikabangamira imikorere ya buri munsi, bishobora kuba indwara ya PTSD.

• Ntabwo uri wenyine: PTSD ni indwara ifata abantu benshi.
• Ibi si ikosa ryawe: nta muntu ugira PTSD ku bushake.
• Hari ubufasha: Hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha gukira.
• Ntugatinye kuvugana: ganira n'umuntu wizeye, urugero nka muganga, uko wumva umerewe.

Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi arimo guhura n'ibi, nyamuneka shaka ubufasha. Ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe ni ingenzi kimwe n'ubuzima bwawe bw'umubiri.

PTSD , Indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y'ihungabana, kwiheba, ihungabana, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ihungabana, ubuvuzi