Ese umwana wawe muto ntasubira inyuma iyo izina rye rivuzwe? Ese ntashishikajwe cyane no gukina n'abandi bana? Cyangwa se abikora kenshi? Iyo ubonye ibintu nk'ibi, ushobora kumva uhangayitse gato kandi ufite ubwoba. Ni ibisanzwe cyane. Uyu munsi turaganira ku ngingo ijyanye n'ibyo bintu, ihangayikishije ababyeyi benshi. Iyo ari yo autisme, cyangwa mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi, autisme spectrum disorder (ASD).
Mu by'ukuri indwara ya autisme ni iki?
Muri make, autisme ni indwara y’imikurire igira ingaruka ku buryo umuntu avugana, yitwara, kandi akorana n’abandi. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko autisme atari indwara. Ntishobora gukira, ariko iyo umwana afashijwe neza kandi agahabwa ubufasha bukwiye, ashobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.
Ijambo "spectrum" rikoreshwa kuko abantu bose bafite iyi ndwara atari bo bameze kimwe. Hari abantu bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane, mu gihe abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bibagora gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Ibi bivuze ko nta bana babiri bafite iyi ndwara bameze kimwe.
Ni izihe mpamvu zitera autisme?
Abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibarabona igisubizo nyacyo 100 ku ijana kuri iki kibazo, ariko bikekwa ko hari isano ikomeye hagati y’uturemangingo .
- Amateka y'umuryango: Niba umuntu wo mu muryango, nka nyina, se, murumuna we, cyangwa mushiki we, afite iyi ndwara, hari amahirwe ko umwana nawe azayirwara. Ariko, si ko bigenda buri gihe.
- Izindi ndwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo: Abana bagera kuri 10% bafite autism bafite izindi ndwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo, nka Down syndrome cyangwa fragile X syndrome.
- Imyaka y'ababyeyi: Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwagaragaje ko uko ababyeyi bakura mu gihe cyo gusama, ari nako ibyago biba byinshi.
- Imiti mu gihe utwite: Hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bigaragaza ko gukoresha imiti imwe n'imwe yatanzwe na muganga mu gihe utwite, cyane cyane imiti igabanya ububabare ya opioid, na byo bishobora kuba impamvu y'ibyago.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko ibi ari ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago gusa. Ntibivuze ko umwana azarwara autisme gusa kuko afite ibyo bintu. Ni ngombwa kandi kwibuka ko nta sano ya siyansi iri hagati y'inkingo na autisme.
Hari abana batangira kugaragaza ibi bimenyetso mu mezi make bavutse. Abandi bashobora gukura bisanzwe mu mezi make cyangwa imyaka mike ya mbere hanyuma bagatangira kugaragaza ibi bimenyetso. Ababyeyi bakunze kubona impinduka zimwe na zimwe ku myaka y'umwaka umwe, kandi ku myaka ibiri, ababyeyi bagera kuri 80%-90% bamenya ko hari ikibazo.
Namenya nte ko umwana wanjye afite ibimenyetso bya autisme?
Muri autisme, hari ibice bitatu by'ingenzi aho itandukaniro rishobora kugaragara: imibanire n'abandi, itumanaho, n'imyitwarire. Reka tubirebe ukwabyo.
| 1. Ibiranga bishobora kugaragara mu mibanire n'abantu | |
|---|---|
| Ntabwo ari gusubiza izina | Nubwo afite umwaka umwe, ntabwo areba inyuma iyo izina rye rivuzwe. |
| Nkunda kuba ndi wenyine | Kudashaka kuvuga, gukina, cyangwa gusangira ibintu n'abandi. |
| Kudakunda gukorakoraho | Kwanga cyangwa kwanga guhoberana cyangwa gufatwa n'umuntu. |
| Kutabona neza amaso | Kwirinda kureba mu maso mu gihe uvuga cyangwa mu bindi bihe. |
| Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa amarangamutima | Kutabasha gusobanukirwa ibyiyumvo byawe bwite n'iby'abandi by'agahinda n'ibyishimo. Kudashaka guhozwa iyo ubabaye. |
| 2. Ibiranga bishobora kugaragara mu biganiro no mu itumanaho | |
|---|---|
| Gutinda kuvuga | Kutavuga amagambo ajyanye n'imyaka yabo, cyangwa kutavuga na gato. Hari abana bashobora kuvuga igihe runaka hanyuma bagatakaza ubwo bushobozi. |
| Gusubiramo (Echolalia) | Gusubiramo ikintu wumva cyangwa uvuga kenshi, nk'aho ari ijwi ry'urwibutso. |
| Ijwi ridasanzwe | Kuvuga mu ijwi rituje, nk'irobo, nta marangamutima. |
| Kuvuga hakoreshejwe inyito zihinduranya | Ibintu nko kwivugaho "wowe" aho kuvuga "njyewe". |
| Kudakoresha ibimenyetso | Kutagaragaza ikintu n'ukuboko kwawe, kutavuga 'tata', kandi ntusobanukirwe igihe abandi babikora. |
| 3. Impinduka zigaragara mu miterere y'imyitwarire | |
|---|---|
| Imyitwarire isubiramo | Ibintu nko gukubita intoki, kunyeganyega no kuzunguruka hirya no hino. |
| Gushyiraho | Gukunda cyane igikinisho kimwe, ibishushanyo, cyangwa ingingo imwe. |
| Gukurikiza gahunda za buri munsi cyane | Kugerageza gukora ibintu byose mu buryo bumwe, icyarimwe. Kurakara cyane nubwo ikintu gito nk'isahani cyahindurwa. |
| Ubuhanga bwo kwiyumvisha ibintu | Kuba umuntu uhangayikishwa cyane cyangwa utita ku bintu bimwe na bimwe, nk'amajwi, urumuri, cyangwa gukorakora kw'imyenda. |
| Kurya cyane | Gukunda kurya ubwoko buke bw'ibiryo. Kuba umuntu yibanda cyane ku ibara n'imiterere y'ibiryo. |
| Imyitwarire yo guhubuka no gukaza umurego | Ibintu nko gukora ikintu utabanje gutekereza, kwikubita cyangwa gukubita abandi, kujugunya ibintu, nibindi. |
Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?
Uko iki kibazo kimenyekana vuba, ni ko ushobora guha umwana wawe ubufasha bwinshi. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gukurikirana neza imikurire ye. Niba umwana wawe ataragera ku ntambwe z'imikurire zavuzwe hepfo, cyangwa atangiye gutakaza ubumenyi bwe, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga.
| Imyaka | Ibintu ugomba kumenya |
|---|---|
| Amezi 6 | Niba udaseka |
| Amezi 9 | Niba isura cyangwa amajwi bitakwiganwa |
| Amezi 12 | Niba utavuga mu magambo make |
| Amezi 14 | Niba udakora ibimenyetso nko kwerekana cyangwa kuvuga ngo 'tata' |
| Amezi 16 | Niba nta jambo na rimwe uvuga |
| Amezi 18 | Keretse niba ukina umukino wo kwibeshya (urugero, kugaburira igipupe) |
| Amezi 24 | Niba utavuga interuro z'amagambo abiri |
Niba ufite gushidikanya ku kintu nk'iki, nyamuneka ntukigire icyo uhisha cyangwa ngo ugire impungenge. Hita ubonana n'umuganga w'abana cyangwa umuganga w'umuryango wawe maze muganire kuri ibi. Bazagufasha neza.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ubushobozi bwo kurwara indwara ya Autism si indwara, ni indwara ifitanye isano n'imikurire y'ubwonko . Nta mpamvu yo kugira ubwoba cyangwa isoni kuri ibi.
- Buri mwana aratandukanye. Kubwibyo, ibimenyetso bya autisme bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'umwana umwe. Ntukagereranye umwana wawe n'undi mwana.
- Mu kumenya iyi ndwara hakiri kare no guha umwana uburyo bukenewe bwo kumufasha mu myitwarire no mu mivugire, ushobora kumufasha cyane kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.
- Niba ufite gushidikanya na gato ku mikurire y'umwana wawe, nyamuneka shaka inama kwa muganga. Ni cyo kintu cyiza ushobora gukorera wowe ubwawe n'umwana wawe.
💬 Comments (0)
Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha
Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.