Hutano hwepfungwa2026 ඇසළ 12⏱ 5 min

Mwana wako haagone kugara pasi here? Ngatitaurei nezve ADHD! (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-12 06:53:20

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Dzimwe nguva unofunga here kuti, "Mwana wangu haagone kugara pasi kweminiti imwe chete"? Anomhanya-mhanya, anosvetuka-svetuka, haateereri zvaunotaura, uye haapedzi zvaatanga. Paunoona rudzi urwu rwemaitiro mumwana mudiki, vabereki vazhinji vanofunga kuti aya maitiro ekusazvibata. Ichokwadi, haasi maitiro ese ekusazvibata chirwere. Zvisinei, kana maitiro aya akaramba achikanganisa dzidzo yemwana, hukama neshamwari, uye hupenyu hwepamba, tinofanira kunetseka zvishoma. Nekuti izvi zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvechirwere chinonzi ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) .

Chii chaizvo chinonzi ADHD?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ADHD chirwere chetsinga chinokanganisa kukura nekushanda kwehuropi hwemwana. Hachisi chisimbe chemwana kana kuti mhosva yevabereki vake. Vana vane chirwere ichi vanoomerwa nekudzora pfungwa dzavo, kuramba vakatarisa, uye kuita zvinhu vasina kufunga.

Zviratidzo zveADHD muvana zvinowanzoonekwa pavanotanga chikoro, vane makore ari pakati pe6-7. Zvisinei, mune vamwe vana, zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuonekwa kare, vachiri vadiki semakore maviri kusvika matatu.

Kune mhando nhatu huru dzezviratidzo zveADHD . Vamwe vana vanogona kunge vaine zviratidzo kubva pane chimwe chezvikamu izvi, nepo vamwe vanogona kunge vaine zviratidzo kubva mune zvimwe zvezvikamu izvi pamwe chete. Ngationei kuti chii.

Chikamu chehunhu	Zvinhu zvaunogona kuona muhunhu hwemwana wako
1. Kusateerera	Kuratidza mafungiro ekusateerera pakutaura. Kumira kuita zvinhu zvakaita sebasa rechikoro kana basa rechikoro usina kuzvipedza. Kuoma pakurongeka uye kurongeka. Kuomerwa nekutevera mirairo uye zvikanganiso zvidiki zvinowanzoitika. Kukanganwa mabasa ezuva nezuva (semuenzaniso kurongedza bhegi rechikoro, kutakura kudya kwemasikati). Zvinongovhiringidzwa nyore nyore kunyangwe neruzha rudiki. Kugara uchingofunga zvinhu zvisina basa, sekunge uri kurota masikati. Kurasikirwa nezvinhu zvavo nguva dzose (mabhuku, mapenzura, matoyi ).
2. Kusazvidzora	Kugara uchitenderera uye uchizunguzika wakagara pachigaro. Simuka ufambe kana kuti mhanya pese paunoda kugara panzvimbo imwe chete. Kugara uchimhanya-mhanya uchitamba, uchikwira munzvimbo dzisina kukodzera (semuenzaniso pafenicha). Kuomerwa nekutamba mitambo kana zviitiko zviri nyore. Nguva dzose "uri munzira", uchishanda pasina zororo. Kutaura zvakawandisa.
3. Kusada kuita zvinhu nekukurumidza	Kusvetukira kupindura mubvunzo usati watombopera. Kushaya mwoyo murefu kumirira nguva yemunhu. Kugara uchisvetukira mukati vamwe vachitaura kana kutamba. Kuita zvinhu kamwe kamwe usingafungi (semuenzaniso, kumhanya mumugwagwa). Izvi zvinowanzokonzera tsaona kana kuisa vamwe panjodzi. Kuomerwa nekudzora manzwiro zvichienzaniswa nevamwe vana vezera ravo.

Chikamu chehunhu

Zvinhu zvaunogona kuona muhunhu hwemwana wako

1. Kusateerera

Kuratidza mafungiro ekusateerera pakutaura.

Kumira kuita zvinhu zvakaita sebasa rechikoro kana basa rechikoro usina kuzvipedza.

Kuoma pakurongeka uye kurongeka.

Kuomerwa nekutevera mirairo uye zvikanganiso zvidiki zvinowanzoitika.

Kukanganwa mabasa ezuva nezuva (semuenzaniso kurongedza bhegi rechikoro, kutakura kudya kwemasikati).

Zvinongovhiringidzwa nyore nyore kunyangwe neruzha rudiki.

Kugara uchingofunga zvinhu zvisina basa, sekunge uri kurota masikati.

Kurasikirwa nezvinhu zvavo nguva dzose (mabhuku, mapenzura, matoyi ).

2. Kusazvidzora

Kugara uchitenderera uye uchizunguzika wakagara pachigaro.

Simuka ufambe kana kuti mhanya pese paunoda kugara panzvimbo imwe chete.

Kugara uchimhanya-mhanya uchitamba, uchikwira munzvimbo dzisina kukodzera (semuenzaniso pafenicha).

Kuomerwa nekutamba mitambo kana zviitiko zviri nyore.

Nguva dzose "uri munzira", uchishanda pasina zororo.

Kutaura zvakawandisa.

3. Kusada kuita zvinhu nekukurumidza

Kusvetukira kupindura mubvunzo usati watombopera.

Kushaya mwoyo murefu kumirira nguva yemunhu.

Kugara uchisvetukira mukati vamwe vachitaura kana kutamba.

Kuita zvinhu kamwe kamwe usingafungi (semuenzaniso, kumhanya mumugwagwa).

Izvi zvinowanzokonzera tsaona kana kuisa vamwe panjodzi.

Kuomerwa nekudzora manzwiro zvichienzaniswa nevamwe vana vezera ravo.

Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti hazvisi zvese izvi zvinowanikwa mumwana wese. Vamwe vana vanogona kunge vaine attention deficit disorder (yaimbonzi ADD), vamwe vanogona kunge vaine activity yakanyanya uye impulsivity chete. Asi vazhinji vane musanganiswa weizvi (Combined Type).

Uropi hwemwana ane ADHD hwakasiyana here?

Ehe. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuinzwisisa. Funga nezvepfungwa dzedu semupurisa ari kudzora traffic muguta rine vanhu vakawanda. Mupfungwa dzakajairika (dzinonzi Neurotypical mune zvehutano), mupurisa uyu anotumira zviratidzo, anodzora mota (ndiko kuti, pfungwa dzedu nezviito), uye anoita kuti zvese zvifambe zvakanaka uye nenguva.

Asi muuropi hwemwana ane ADHD, "mapurisa emumugwagwa" aya haana kugadzikana. Dzimwe nguva pfungwa dzake dzinokanganiswa, mamwe masaini haashande zvakanaka, mamwe mota dzinofamba dzichienda mberi dzisingamire kana dzaudzwa kuti dzimire. Ndokusaka vana ava vachiomerwa nekugara vakatarisa, kudzora manzwiro avo, kuronga, uye kuronga.

Tinofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Usatya kuti mwana wako ane chimwe kana zviviri zvezviratidzo zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Zvakajairika kuti vana vave netsika dzakaipa uye vasanyatsoteerera pavanenge vachiri vadiki.

Zvisinei, kana ukaona zvinhu izvi, taura nachiremba:

Kana maitiro aya akaramba kwenguva inopfuura mwedzi mitanhatu .
Kana maitiro aya achionekwa munzvimbo mbiri kana kupfuura (semuenzaniso kumba nekuchikoro).
Kana izvi zviri pachena kuti zvinokanganisa basa rechikoro remwana, hukama neshamwari, uye hupenyu hwemhuri .

Chiremba wemhuri yenyu (GP) anogona kuongorora mwana wenyu kuti aone kana paine zvimwe zvinokonzera zviratidzo izvi (semuenzaniso matambudziko ekunzwa kana kuona, mamwe matambudziko ekudzidza). Kana zvichidikanwa, achakutumirai kuna nyanzvi, senge chiremba wepfungwa dzevana kana chiremba wepfungwa .

Mudzidzisi anogona here kuona ADHD?

Kazhinji, anotanga kuona zviratidzo zveADHD mumwana ndiye mudzidzisi wechikoro. Nekuti mwana anopedza zuva rose ari mukirasi. Kana paine musiyano mumaitiro emwana uyu zvichienzaniswa nevamwe vana vezera rimwe chete, mudzidzisi achazviona zviri nyore. Mudzidzisi anogona kukuudza nezvazvo.

Asi yeuka, mudzidzisi haagoni kuona ADHD. Chiremba ane hunyanzvi chete ndiye anogona kuita izvozvo. Zvisinei, kucherechedza uye mishumo yemudzidzisi zvakakosha zvikuru pakuongorora chirwere.

Kurapwa uye nzira yekubatsira mwana?

ADHD haisi chirwere chinorapika zvachose, asi chirwere chinorapika zvikuru. Kana mwana akarapwa zvakanaka uye akatarisirwa zvakanaka, anogona kurarama hupenyu hunofadza uye hunobudirira.

Nzira dzekurapa dzinowanzo patsanurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri:

1. Kurapa Kwemaitiro: Nyanzvi yepfungwa kana mupi wezano anodzidzisa vabereki nevana maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro aya. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sekuronga mabasa, kudzora manzwiro, uye kuvaka hukama hwevanhu.

2. Mishonga: Kana zvichidikanwa, nyanzvi inogona kunyora mishonga inoenzanisa makemikari ari muuropi (neurotransmitters). Izvi zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru mukudzora kutarisisa kwemwana uye mashandiro ake. Usatya mishonga iyi zvisina kufanira. Taura nachiremba wako pachena nezvazvo.

Zvaunogona kuita semubereki

Shandai pamwe chete nechikoro:Gara uchitaurirana nemudzidzisi nguva dzose. Taura nezvekufambira mberi kwemwana wako. Shandisa mitemo yekurapwa yakafanana uye nzira yekupa mibairo kumba nekuchikoro. Semuenzaniso, mudzidzisi anogona kudhirowa nyeredzi mubhuku kana mwana akaita basa rakanaka. Kumba, unogona kupa mwana chipo chidiki chenyeredzi idzodzo.
Gadzira purogiramu yenguva dzose: Gadzira purogiramu yenguva dzose yezvinhu zvakaita senguva yekudya, nguva yekutamba, nguva yekurara, uye nguva yechikoro. Zvinozorodza zvikuru mwana.
Ipai mirairo zviri nyore: Musapa mirairo yakawanda panguva imwe chete, ipai imwe panguva, zviri nyore uye zvakajeka.
Kurudzirai mwana wenyu: Pane kungotarisa zvikanganiso zvemwana wenyu, rumbidzai kunyange zvinhu zvidiki zvaanoita zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoita kuti mwana azvivimbe.
Ziva: Verenga nezve ADHD, dzidza nezvazvo. Ziva kuti hausi wega parwendo urwu. Kana zvichidikanwa, taura nevamwe vabereki vane vana vakaita seizvi.

Kurera mwana ane ADHD kunogona kuva dambudziko, asi nemoyo murefu, rudo, uye ruzivo rwakarurama, unogona kukunda dambudziko iri zvechokwadi.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

ADHD haisi mhosva yemwana kana yevabereki. Idambudziko rehutano chairo.

Hakusi maitiro ese asina kunaka ari ADHD, asi kana ikaramba ichikanganisa hupenyu hwemwana hwezuva nezuva, zvakakosha kutsvaga mazano echiremba.

Chiremba wevana kana chiremba wepfungwa dzevana anofanira kubvunzwa kuti aonekwe uye arapwe zvakanaka.

Kana kurapwa kwakakodzera (maitiro uye mishonga) uye kurapwa kwacho, ADHD inogona kudzorwa zvinobudirira uye mwana anogona kutsigirwa zvizere kuti ararame hupenyu hwakajairika, hunofadza.

Murwendo urwu, zvakakosha kuti mwana akure zvakanaka kuti vabereki, vanachiremba, nevadzidzisi vechikoro vashande pamwe chete.

ADHD, Kusanyatsoteerera Kusanyanya Kushanda, Vana, Hutano hwepfungwa, Maitiro emwana, Kusanyatsoteerera Kusanyanya Kushanda, Kufunga Kwepfungwa kwevana

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