Wakambozvibvunza here kuti chirwere chimwe chinotikanganisa sei, kwete nguva yatinayo chete, asi hupenyu hwedu hwese? Zvimwe zvirwere netsaona zvinogona kupfupisa hupenyu hwedu. Zvimwe zvinogona kutiita kuti tirarame nehurema kwehupenyu hwedu hwese. Saka, kune nzira yakakosha yekuyera kuti tinorasikirwa nehupenyu hwedu hwakakwana sei nekuda kwezvinhu izvi. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti DALY.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi DALY (Gore reHupenyu Hwakagadziriswa Nekuremara)?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, DALY (Gore reHupenyu Hwakagadziriswa Nekuremara) chiyero chepasi rose chinoshandiswa nevaongorori nevanogadzira mitemo yehutano kufungidzira kuti zvirwere zvakasiyana zvinokanganisa sei hupenyu hwevanhu uye mhando yehupenyu muvanhu vakapihwa.
Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi: DALY igore rehupenyu hunorasika kubva muhupenyu hwakanaka nekuda kwechirwere, kuremara, kana kufa nguva isati yakwana. Zvichienderana nekuoma kwechirwere chako, makore aya ehupenyu hunorasika anogona kuwedzera.
Nzira iyi inoshandiswa kunzwisisa "mutoro wezvirwere" munyika kana munharaunda. Kureva kuti, nyanzvi dzinotarisa zvinhu zvemagariro evanhu, zvehupfumi, zvezvakatipoteredza, uye zvematongerwo enyika zvinokanganisa hutano hwevanhu. Nzira iyi yakatanga kushandiswa kuma1990.
MaDALY aya anoverengwa sei?
Zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvinoshandiswa pakuverenga DALY.
1. Makore Ehupenyu Akarasika (YLLs)
2. Makore Awakararama Nehurema (YLDs)
Muchiitiko ichi, makore ehupenyu anorasika nekuda kwekufa nguva isati yakwana. Makore ehupenyu anorasika nekuda kwechirwere kana kuremara.
Saka DALY ndiyo huwandu hwe YLLs ne YLDs.
DALY = YLLs + YLDs
Ngatinzwisisei nemuenzaniso.
Fungidzira mwana mudiki ane makore gumi nemashanu ekuberekwa. Tinofungidzira kuti kana akasarwara zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso chirwere cheshuga , kenza), achararama kusvika ava nemakore angangoita makumi masere. Zvisinei, fungidzira kuti mwana uyu anofa mutsaona aine makore gumi nemashanu ekuberekwa.
Ipapo anotarisirwa kurarama (YLL) makore 80 - 15 = 65. Pano, sezvo asina kurarama nehurema, kukosha kweYLD ndi0.
Saka kukosha kwake kweDALY i65. Izvi zvinoreva kuti akarasikirwa nemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu ehupenyu hwakanaka.
Asi pane chinhu chakanaka pano. Kunyangwe kana uine chirwere, kana ukawana kurapwa kwakakodzera kubva kuna chiremba, ukachinja mararamiro ako, uye ukavandudzika hutano hwako, unogona kuderedza kukosha uku kweDALY, zvinoreva kuti unogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwako hune hutano.
Ndezvipi zvirwere nezvirwere zvinokanganisa DALYs?
Pakuverenga maDALY, pane zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, tsaona, uye kuremara. Heano mamwe ematambudziko akajairika kunyangwe munyika medu.
| Chikamu cheZvirwere/Mamiriro | Mienzaniso |
|---|---|
| Zvirwere Zvinotapuriranwa | Utachiona hwakadai seHIV, gwirikwiti, COVID-19, dengue, TB, uye meningitis. |
| Zvirwere zvine chekuita nemararamiro | Chirwere cheshuga, chirwere chemwoyo, kenza, cholesterol yakakwira. |
| Njodzi nekukuvara | Kukuvara kunokonzerwa netsaona dzemumugwagwa, kudonha, uye zviito zvechisimba. |
| Matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa | Kuora mwoyo, Kunetseka. |
| Mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu | Zvirema zvekuzvarwa nazvo, zvirwere zvine chekuita nekukwegura (semuenzaniso Alzheimer's), kushomeka kwekudya kunovaka muviri, kurwadziwa kwemusana/mutsipa, kutadza kunzwa kana kuona zvakanaka. |
Musiyano uripo pakati peDALY neQALY
Kufanana neDALY, kune chimwe chiyereso chinonzi QALY (Gore reHupenyu Rakagadziriswa Nemhando Yepamusoro) . Izvi zvinoyerawo kureba uye kunaka kwehupenyu. QALY igore rehupenyu raunorarama uine hutano hwakakwana.
Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi ndewekuti:
- MaDALY anoyera huwandu hwemakore akarasika nekuda kwekurwara kana kufa.
- QALYInoyera huwandu hwemakore ane hutano anowanikwa nekuda kwekuvandudzika kwehupenyu nekuda kwekurapwa kana shanduko dzemararamiro .
Ungavandudza sei mamaki ako eDALY?
Ongororo yakawana kuti pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvaunogona kuita kuti urarame hupenyu hwakanaka uye kuderedza mutoro wezvirwere. Unogona kukurukura izvi nachiremba wako wozviita nenzira inokukodzera.
| Zvekuita | Tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Kuderedza BMI (body mass index) | Ramba uine huremu hwakanaka hunoenderana nehurefu hwako. Bvunza chiremba wako kuti akupe mazano panyaya iyi. |
| Kurega kusvuta | Kurega kana kuderedza kusvuta zvachose kunobatsira kudzivirira zvirwere zvakawanda. |
| Kumisa kushandiswa kwedoro | Kuderedza kana kurega zvachose kunwa doro kunobatsira zvikuru pahutano. |
| Kurovedza muviri uye kurovedza muviri | Kuita maekisesaizi ezuva nezuva akadai sekufamba, kumhanya, uye kushambira kunogona kuchengetedza moyo wako nemuviri wako zvine hutano. |
| Kudya kwakaringana | Kudya chikafu chine miriwo mitsva, michero, nyemba, uye chikafu chine fibrous (senge mupunga webrown, zviyo zvese). |
Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti vanhu vanotevedzera mararamiro ane hutano akadai vanowedzera makore maviri ehupenyu hune hutano muhupenyu hwavo zvichienzaniswa nevaya vasingadaro.
Sei chiyero cheDALY chichibatsira?
Nekutarisa data reDALY, vakuru vehutano navanachiremba vanogona kunzwisisa mutoro wechirwere panyika. Zvichibva paruzivo irworwo, vanogona kutora matanho anodiwa kudzora chirwere ichi, kudzidzisa vanhu, uye kuvandudza mabasa ehutano.
Semuenzaniso, kana chirwere cheshuga kana chirwere chemwoyo chiri kuwedzera pakati pevechidiki munyika medu, data reDALY richaratidza kuti richakanganisa sei hupenyu hwavo hweramangwana hune hutano. Zvadaro, tinogona kudzora mamiriro acho ezvinhu kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvekuzivisa vanhu padanho rechikoro, zvakaita sekuvakurudzira kurovedza muviri.
Pane zvipingamupinyi here panzira yeDALY?
Ehe. Nekuti DALY inoyera kukanganiswa kwechirwere nenhamba imwe chete, dzimwe nguva haipe mufananidzo wakazara. Nekuti hazvisi zvirwere zvese kana dambudziko rakafanana.
Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana kuva neasthma kwenguva pfupi uye kurarama neschizophrenia , chirwere chepfungwa chakakomba , kwehupenyu hwako hwese.
Uyewo, kunyangwe munhu akaremara (semuenzaniso, kutadza kufamba, kunetseka kutaura), anogona kurarama hupenyu hwakazara uye hunogutsa kana aine mukana wekuwana hutano hwakanaka, rutsigiro rwemhuri nerwenharaunda, uye zvishandiso zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwake huve nyore. Zvinhu izvi zvemagariro evanhu zvinogona kusatariswa nguva dzose pakuverenga maDALY.
Zvisinei, DALY chishandiso chakakosha uye chinobatsira pakuwana kunzwisisa kwakakura kwehutano hwenyika.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- DALY inzira yekuyera huwandu hwemakore ehupenyu hune hutano hwaunorasikirwa nawo nekuda kwechirwere, kuremara, kana kufa nguva isati yakwana.
- Izvi zvinoverengerwa nekubatanidza makore akarasika nekuda kwekufa nguva isati yakwana (YLLs) nemakore akararama nehurema (YLDs).
- Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kukosha kweDALY, zvakaita sezvirwere zvemararamiro, zvirwere zvinotapukira, tsaona, nematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa .
- Nekugara uine mararamiro ane hutano (kudya zvakanaka, kurovedza muviri, uye kurega kusvuta nedoro), unogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwako hune hutano.
- Ruzivo rweDALY rwakakosha zvikuru pakuronga nekuvandudza mabasa ehutano munyika. Kana muine mibvunzo nezvedambudziko rehutano, taurai nachiremba wenyu.
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