Ngaba nawe uyaphuma igazi empumlweni? (Epistaxis) Musa ukoyika, makhe sifumanise ngale nto!

Ngaba ukhe waqala ngequbuliso ukopha empumlweni yakho? Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko kancinci ngamaxesha anjalo. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, oku akuyonto ibalulekileyo. Namhlanje, masithethe ngale ngxaki yokopha empumlweni, okanye eyaziwa ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-`(Epistaxis)`, ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni ukopha impumlo (i-Epistaxis)?

Ngamafutshane, `(Epistaxis)` kukuphuma kwegazi kwiithishu ezingaphakathi kwempumlo yakho. Oku kunokwenzeka ngempumlo enye, ngamanye amaxesha kuzo zombini. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela ngempumlo enye.

Uyazi, ngaphakathi kweempumlo zethu, kukho imithambo yegazi emininzi emincinci. Le yiyo enceda ekufudumaleni umoya esiwuphefumlayo, yongeze umswakama, kwaye iwuthumele emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa le mithambo yegazi ikufutshane kakhulu nolusu olungaphakathi kwempumlo. Ngoko ke, xa umoya udlula empumlweni, le mithambo yegazi iyoma kwaye inokuba yingozi. Kulapho ke kuqala khona ukopha.

Khawucinge nje, malunga nabantu abathandathu kwabalishumi baye bopha impumlo ubuncinane kube kanye ebomini babo. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi zizinto ezincinci ezinokunyangwa ekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukopha kukhulu kakhulu , okanye ukuba uyahlanza okanye unezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, ngokuqinisekileyo kungcono ukuya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko .

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokuphuma kwegazi empumlweni?

Oogqirha bayahlula oku kube ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukopha kuvela phi.

Ukopha Kwempumlo Ngaphambili

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo . Ukopha kuqala ngaphambili kwempumlo, ezantsi kodonga olwahlula iimpumlo ezimbini (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(septum)`). Imithambo yegazi emincinci kule ndawo ibuthathaka kakhulu, ngoko ke inokuqhekeka kwaye yophe ngokulula. Esi asisosifo sibi kakhulu kwaye sinokunyangwa ekhaya.

Ukopha Kwempumlo Yangasemva

Oku kuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka nzulu empumlweni. Igazi livela kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu kufutshane nomphimbo. Oku kungaba kukopha kakhulu, kwaye igazi linokuhamba emqaleni. Kwimeko enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Ixesha elininzi, akukho zimpawu ngaphandle kokopha impumlo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unokopha ngasemva, inxalenye yegazi inokuhla ngomqala wakho iye esiswini sakho. Oku kunokubangela incasa engaqhelekanga ngasemva komqala wakho kwaye kukwenze uzive unesicaphucaphu.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unezinye iimpawu (umz. ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuphefumla kancinci , ukukrweleka) kunye nokopha impumlo, oko kungaba luphawu lwenye imeko yezonyango engabonakaliyo.

Kutheni igazi liphuma empumlweni enye kuphela? Okanye kuzo zombini?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukopha kuvela empumlweni enye, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuvela kuzo zombini ngaxeshanye. Zininzi izizathu zokuba ukuphuma kwegazi empumlweni kwenzeke. Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lwazo alubi nzulu.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo

• Umoya owomileyo: Le yeyona nto ibangela oku . Ngokukodwa,
• Kwiindawo ezinemozulu efudumeleyo nefumileyo.
• Kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kakhulu kolwandle.
• Kwiindawo ezishushu zangaphakathi.

Umoya owomileyo unokubangela ukuba inwebu ethambileyo engaphakathi kwempumlo yome, igqume, ize iqhekeke. Oku kunokubangela ukopha xa uvula impumlo okanye udada.

• Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo:
• Ukukha impumlo (ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci).
• Ukwenzakala empumlweni kunye/okanye ebusweni.
• Ukuba ne-septum ephambukile empumlweni.
• Ukuthimla rhoqo, ukukhohlela, kunye nokopha impumlo ngenxa yosulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla ephezulu okanye usulelo lwe-sinus .
• I-rhinitis ye-allergic okanye i-rhinitis engeyiyo i-allergic.
• Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwee-spray zeempumlo (umz. ii-antihistamines , ii-decongestants). Ezi zingomisa ii-membrane zeempumlo.
• Ukusela amayeza okunciphisa igazi (umz. i-aspirin , ii-NSAID ( iipilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu ), i-warfarin ).
• Ukuphefumla iikhemikhali ezivela kwiimveliso zokucoca, umsi ophuma emsebenzini, okanye ezinye iivumba ezibukhali.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinxilisayo (umz. i-cocaine).

Izizathu zokubona kancinci

• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Iingxaki zokopha (umz. i-hemophilia, isifo se-von Willebrand).
• Igazi elonyukayo.
• Ukujiya kweendonga zemithambo yegazi (i-Atherosclerosis).
• Utyando lobuso nempumlo.
• Iithumba zeempumlo.
• Iipolyps zempumlo.
• Ukwehla kwenani leeplatelet ngenxa yobuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (i-immune thrombocytopenia).
• Umhlaza wegazi `(i-Leukemia)`.
• I-telangiectasia yemfuza ebangela ukopha sisifo esidluliselwa kwimibhobho yegazi.
• Ukukhulelwa.

Kutheni ndiphuma igazi xa ndilele?

Izizathu zokopha impumlo xa ulele ziyafana nezo zasemini. Izinto ezinje ngomoya owomileyo, i-allergies, kunye nosulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla zingonakalisa ulwelo oluthambileyo lwempumlo. Kwakhona, ukulala intloko yakho ijike ecaleni kunokubeka uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo kwimpumlo, okubangela ukopha impumlo ebusuku.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokuphuhlisa oku? (Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko)

Nabani na unokufumana ukopha impumlo. Uninzi lwabantu lukhe lwakubona oku ubuncinane kanye ebomini babo. Kodwa abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba nako.

• Abantwana abaneminyaka ephakathi kwemi-2 neli-10 ubudala: Umoya owomileyo, umkhuhlane, i-allergies, kunye nokufaka iminwe nezinye izinto ezimpumlweni zabo kunokubangela ukopha rhoqo ebantwaneni.
• Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-45 ukuya kwengama-80 ubudala: Njengoko usondela kwiminyaka engama-50 ubudala, ixesha lakho lokujiya kwegazi lisenokunyuka. Usenokwenzeka ukuba ube noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis), okanye iingxaki zokujiya kwegazi kule minyaka.
• Abafazi abakhulelweyo: Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, imithambo yegazi empumlweni iyavuleka, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi kwimithambo yegazi ethambileyo engaphakathi empumlweni.
• Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa igazi: Oku kuquka amayeza afana ne-aspirin kunye ne-warfarin.
• Abantu abaneengxaki zokujiya kwegazi: Umzekelo, isifo se-hemophilia kunye nesifo se-von Willebrand.

Kunini apho kufuneka ukhathazeke khona ngokuphuma kwegazi empumlweni?

Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala xa ubona igazi liphuma empumlweni yakho, kodwa uninzi lwexesha alibi nzulu. Ungayilawula ekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuba :

• Ukuba usoloko uphuma igazi empumlweni.
• Ukuba uneempawu ze-anemia (ubuthathaka, isiyezi, ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuziva ubanda, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ulusu olukhanyayo).
• Ukuba uqala ukopha impumlo emva kokuqalisa iyeza elitsha .
• Ukuba unomphumulo kunye nokudumba okungaqhelekanga emzimbeni wakho wonke – zombini zidibene – inokuba luphawu lwemeko enzima, efana nesifo sokuqunjelwa kwegazi (isifo se-hemophilia okanye i-von Willebrand), umhlaza wegazi (i-leukemia), okanye ithumba lempumlo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala kwaye unesifo somphunga, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wabantwana. Nokuba umntwana wakho uneminyaka emingaphi, kuya kuba bubulumko ukukhankanya isifo somphunga xa ehlolwa ngugqirha wakhe olandelayo.

Oogqirha bayifumana njani le nto?

Ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo embalwa malunga nokopha kwakho empumlweni:

• Kuthathe ixesha elingakanani ukopha (ngemizuzu)?
• Phantse lingakanani igazi elilahlekileyo?
• Ufumana kangaphi ukopha empumlweni?
• Ingaba igazi liphume empumlweni enye okanye kuzo zombini?

Kwakhona, oku kukwaviwa:

• Iindidi zamayeza owasebenzisayo (kuquka amayeza okunciphisa igazi afana ne-aspirin, amayeza omkhuhlane/okwaliwa zizinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba, njl.njl.)
• Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onezifo ezinxulumene negazi?
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye/okanye izinto zokuphefumla.

Emva koko, ugqirha uza kuhlola impumlo yakho ukuze abone ukuba ukopha kuvela phi kwaye yintoni ebangela oko. Baza kusebenzisa isixhobo esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yi-``speculum`` ukuvula impumlo baze bajonge ngaphakathi kwempumlo besebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya eyahlukeneyo okanye i-``endoscope`` (ityhubhu encinci enekhamera).

Ugqirha angafaka iyeza empumlweni ukuze avale ingaphakathi lempumlo aze anciphise imithambo yegazi. Angasusa naliphi na ihlwili legazi kunye namaqhuqhuva empumlweni. Oku kusenokungakhululeki kancinci, kodwa akubuhlungu.

Kunqabile ukuba kwenziwe ii-X-ray, i-CT scan, okanye uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe iingxaki zokujiya kwegazi, iingxaki zemithambo yegazi, okanye iithumba empumlweni.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Unyango lokopha empumlweni luxhomekeke kwisizathu sokopha. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela into efunekayo kwimeko yakho. Unyango lwe-`(Epistaxis)` lungabandakanya:

• Ukupakisha impumlo: Ugqirha ubeka i-gauze, isiponji okanye i-foam ekhethekileyo yempumlo, okanye ibhaluni ye-latex evuthelwayo empumlweni ukuze enze uxinzelelo apho ukopha kuvela khona. Ugqirha unokufuna ukuyisusa malunga neeyure ezingama-24-48.
• Ukucoca ngeCauterization: Le nkqubo isebenzisa ikhemikhali (isilivere nitrate) okanye ubushushu (i-electrocautery) ukuvala umthambo wegazi. Ngaphambi koku, ugqirha utshiza iyeza elibangela ukuba kungabikho zinzwa ngaphakathi empumlweni.
• Ukutshintsha/ukuphinda unike amayeza: Ukunciphisa inani lemithi yokunciphisa igazi oyithathayo - okanye ukuyiyeka - kunokunceda. Ungadinga amayeza okulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza, anjenge-tranexamic acid (Lysteda®), enceda ukujiya kwegazi lakho.
• Ukususa into yangaphandle: Ukuba ukopha kwempumlo kubangelwa yinto engaphakathi empumlweni, ugqirha uya kuyisusa.
• Utyando: Utyando lunokwenziwa ukulungisa impumlo ephukileyo okanye ukulungisa i-septum ephambukileyo (septoplasty).
• Ukubopha imithambo yegazi: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ubopha umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ukuze ayeke ukopha.

Ungayinqanda njani iimpumlo eziphuma empumlweni ekhaya?

Landela la manyathelo ukuze umise ukopha empumlweni:

• Hlala uzolile, phefumla ngomlomo wakho.
• Hlala uthe nkqo, jika intloko yakho ibheke phambili kancinci (ungajika intloko yakho ibuyele umva, kuba oku kunokubangela ukuba igazi lihambe emqaleni wakho).
• Sebenzisa ubhontsi wakho nomnwe wakho wokukhomba ukuze ucinezele indawo ethambileyo yempumlo yakho (ngaphezulu nje kwempumlo).
• Linda de kuphele ukopha. Sebenzisa ithishu okanye ilaphu elimanzi ukusula igazi.

Uninzi lwexesha, ukhathalelo lwasekhaya lwanele. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpumlo eziphumayo zifuna unyango lwasesibhedlele. Kwezi meko, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane nomntu ngokukhawuleza, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990:

• Ukuba awukwazi ukuyeka ukopha emva kokubamba impumlo yakho imizuzu eli-15-20.
• Ukuba kukho igazi elininzi (ngaphezu kwekomityi enye).
• Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi (afana ne-aspirin okanye i-warfarin), okanye ukuba unesifo sokujiya kwegazi, kwaye ukopha akupheli.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla.
• Ukuba uginya igazi kwaye awukwazi ukuyeka ukuhlanza.
• Ukuba impumlo yakho iqala ukopha emva kokubethwa entloko okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu (ukuwa, ingozi yemoto, ukubethwa kakhulu ebusweni/empumlweni).

Ingaba kulungile ukusela amanzi emva kokopha empumlweni?

Ewe, kufuneka usele ulwelo oluninzi emva kokopha impumlo. Amanzi kunye nejusi yeziqhamo, ezingenayo i-caffeine, zilungile. Emva kokopha impumlo, inxalenye yegazi ingahamba emphinjeni wakho iye esiswini sakho. Oku kunokukwenza uzive unesicaphucaphu. Kodwa ukusela amanzi akuyi kuyichaphazela loo impumlo.

Ngaba ungafa ngenxa yokopha empumlweni?

Ukopha okuvela kwinxalenye ephezulu ye-nasal septum okanye ngaphakathi empumlweni kunokuba nzima ukulawula. Nangona kunjalo, ukufa okubangelwa kukopha empumlweni kunqabile.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuthintela ukopha empumlweni?

Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokunceda ukuthintela ukuphuma kwegazi empumlweni:

• Ukuze ugcine imibhobho yakho yempumlo imanzi, sebenzisa i-saline nasal spray okanye amathontsi empumlo ye-saline empumlweni nganye kabini okanye kathathu ngemini. Ezi zingathengwa kwikhemesti okanye zenziwe ekhaya.
• Yongeza umswakama emoyeni ngokongeza i-humidifier kwisithando sakho somlilo, okanye ngokubeka i-humidifier kwigumbi lakho lokulala ebusuku.
• Faka ijeli yempumlo okanye ioyile (efana ne-`Bacitracin®`, `Vaseline®` okanye `Ayr Gel®`) ngaphakathi kwempumlo yakho usebenzisa i-cotton bud. Musa ukufaka i-cotton bud ngaphezu kwe-1/4 intshi empumlweni yakho. Ezi jeli kunye neoyile ziyafumaneka kwiikhemesti ezininzi.
• Musa ukuvuthela impumlo yakho kakhulu.
• Hlala uvulekile umlomo wakho xa uthimla. Soloko uthimla kwithishu okanye engqinibeni yakho.
• Musa ukufaka nantoni na eqinileyo, kuquka neminwe yakho, empumlweni yakho.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza anokunyusa ukopha (njenge-aspirin kunye ne-ibuprofen). Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho kumayeza akho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumayeza abhalwe ngugqirha afana ne-warfarin (Coumadin®) kunye namayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs).
• Ukuba iimpawu zakho zokunganyamezelani neempumlo azilawuleki lula ngamayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha okanye athengiswa ngugqirha, bonana nogqirha. Xa usebenzisa amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, landela imiyalelo njengoko ichazwe. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kunokubangela ukopha empumlweni.
• Yeka ukutshaya. Ukutshaya komisa impumlo yakho kwaye kubangela ukunganyamezelani.
• Nxiba isigqubuthelo sentloko esikhuselayo ukuba wenza imisebenzi enokulimaza ubuso bakho nempumlo.

Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuba angaphumi empumlweni kwaye angafaki nto empumlweni yakhe. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukugcina iinzipho zakhe zimfutshane. Ugqirha wakho wezingane angakunika iingcebiso ezingakumbi.

Ingaba kuqhelekile ukuba igazi lijiye xa unesifo somphumulo?

Ewe. Amahlwili egazi ngamahlwili egazi aqala ukuvela ngenxa yomthambo wegazi olimeleyo. Xa umthambo wegazi wonakele, kuvela amahlwili egazi ukuze kumiswe ukopha okugqithisileyo. Xa ucinezela impumlo yakho ukuze kumiswe ukopha kwempumlo, ihlwili legazi liqala ukwakheka. Lihlala apho de ulisuse okanye ulivuthele impumlo yakho.

Kutheni ndisoloko ndifumana ukopha empumlweni?

Zininzi izizathu zokuba kutheni usenokuba nokopha rhoqo empumlweni. Oku kunokuchaphazela ikhala elinye okanye zombini. Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwee-nasal sprays kwiimpawu ze-allergy okanye umkhuhlane/ukuxinana kweempumlo.
• Umoya apho uhlala khona womile.
• Ukufutha iziyobisi ngeempumlo.

Kusenokufuneka uyeke ukusebenzisa isitshizi okwethutyana okanye ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba usebenzisa ezi mveliso, thetha nogqirha.

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukopha impumlo rhoqo (epistaxis) kunokuba luphawu lwesifo sokuxinana kwegazi okanye esinye isifo esinzulu. Ukuba ukopha impumlo rhoqo, bona ugqirha.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Epistaxis, okanye ukopha kwempumlo, yimeko yezonyango eqhelekileyo kodwa ecaphukisayo. Wakuba ufunde indlela yokunqanda ukopha kwempumlo ngokukhawuleza, ungabuyela ngokukhawuleza ekwenzeni oko ubukwenza ngaphambi kokuba kuqale. Uninzi lweemeko ze-epistaxis azibi kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba ukopha kwempumlo rhoqo okanye ukuba unengxaki yokujiya kwegazi, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ukunyamekela impilo yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.