Ngaba ukhathazekile ngamayeza anikwa abantu abadala? Masithethe 'ngeeNdlela zokusebenzisa iibhiya'!

Ukuba unomntu omdala ekhayeni lakho, njengomama wakho, utata wakho, umakhulu wakho, okanye utatomkhulu wakho, mhlawumbi ucinga kancinci ngamayeza owanika wona, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha xa sisiya kugqirha, bakunika amayeza ahlukeneyo . Kodwa njengoko sikhula, indlela imizimba yethu esabela ngayo kumayeza iyatshintsha, kwaye amanye amayeza asenokungafaneleki kubo. Kukho uluhlu lwezikhokelo ezinceda oogqirha ukuba banyamekele ezo zinto. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'Beers Criteria'. Makhe sithethe ngale nto namhlanje.

Yintoni le 'Miqathango yokusetyenziswa kweebhiya'?

Ngamafutshane, olu luhlu lwezikhokelo eziphuhliswe yi -American Geriatrics Society , iqela leengcali kwimpilo yabantu abadala. Lisixelela ukuba zeziphi amayeza anokuba yingozi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, okanye ngawaphi amayeza anokuba nemiphumo emibi engaphezulu kuneenzuzo. Olu luhlu lukwaziwa ngokuba yi-'Beer's List'. Cinga ngako, uphando lubonise ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-90% abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala basebenzisa ubuncinane iyeza elinye ngenyanga, kwaye ngaphezulu kwama-66% basebenzisa amayeza angaphezu kwamathathu. Ke ngoko ngexesha elinje, olu luhlu luya kuba luncedo kakhulu koogqirha ukuba banike amayeza ngokukhuselekileyo.

Zithini iingongoma ezintlanu eziphambili kwi-'Beers Criteria'?

Olu luhlu lusekelwe kwizinto ezintlanu eziphambili, eziqwalaselwa ngakumbi ngoogqirha xa benika umntu omdala amayeza:

• Amayeza angafanele anikwe abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala, ingakumbi abo bangafumani nyango lokuphela kobomi olufana nonyango lwe-hospice okanye unyango lokudambisa iintlungu .
• Amayeza anokuba yingozi kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo (umzekelo, isifo sezintso, isifo sentliziyo).
• Amayeza abangela iingxaki ngokubangela ukusebenzisana kwamayeza xa esetyenziswa namanye amayeza.
• Amayeza anokubangela ingozi enkulu kunokuba abe luncedo ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga .
• Amayeza achaphazela ukusebenza kwezintso (oko kukuthi, lawo anengxaki yezintso) kufuneka anikwe ngokweedosi ezilinganiselweyo okanye ayekiswe ngokupheleleyo.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeziyobisi ezikuluhlu lwe-'Beers Criteria'?

Kukho iintlobo zamayeza eziphantse zibe yi-100 kolu luhlu. Kunzima ukuthetha ngazo zonke, kodwa ukuze sikunike umbono, makhe sijonge imizekelo embalwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Kwangaxeshanye, masijonge izizathu zokuba loo mayeza anokuba yingozi.

• Ii-analgesics: Umzekelo, amayeza anje nge-`(meperidine)`. La anokuba yityhefu kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo (`(Ubuthi be-neurotoxic ()) kunye ne -delirium (`(delirium)`) nazo zinokwenzeka.
• Ii-antibiotics: Ezinye ii-antibiotics, umzekelo i-ciprofloxacin, zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokopha xa zithathwa ne-warfarin (into enciphisa igazi).
• Amayeza okulwa nokuxhuzula: Amayeza anjenge-carbamazepine anokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-SIADH - Isifo sokukhutshwa okungafanelekanga kwehomoni yokulwa nokuxhuzula, okuphazamisa ukulinganisela kwamanzi kunye netyuwa emzimbeni.
• Ii-Antihistamines (iintlobo ezindala): Amayeza afana ne-brompheniramine anokubangela ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo , kunye nokuphambana .
• Amanye amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (Amayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi): Amanye amayeza, anjenge-`(alpha-blockers),` anokubangela ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi (`(Hypotension)`) .
• Ii-antiplatelet okanye ii-anticoagulants: Amayeza afana ne-edoxaban ngamanye amaxesha anokuchaphazela izintso (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso) .
• Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo: Naliphi na iyeza elikweli klasi linokunyusa umngcipheko westroke, ukudodobala kwengqondo , kunye nokuphambana kwengqondo xa linikwa abantu abadala.
• Anxiolytics: Amayeza akwiqela le-benzodiazepines (umz. i-diazepam) anokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwesiyobisi emzimbeni, abangele ukuncipha kokuphaphama, kwaye abangele ukungcangcazela xa uhamba .
• Amanye amayeza entliziyo: Amayeza afana ne-disopyramide anokwenza intliziyo ingasebenzi kakuhle.
• Izinto ezibangela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi: I-Dimenhydrinate (efumaneka kwezinye izinto ezilwa nokugabha) inokubangela ukudideka, ukungabikho kwengqondo, kunye nokuphambana kwengqondo .
• Amanye amayeza eswekile: Amayeza amadala afana ne-chlorpropamide anokubangela amanqanaba eswekile egazini aphantsi kakhulu (i-hypoglycemia) .
• Amayeza esisu: Amanye amayeza akwiklasi ye-``H2-blocker'' anokwenza i-delirium ibe mandundu, ingakumbi ukuba umntu sele enayo .
• IiHormone: Xa i-estrogen inikwa ngaphandle, abanye abafazi banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wamabele kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko .
• Ezinye iipilisi zokulala (hypnotics): Kukho umngcipheko wokuba likhoboka leziyobisi ezifana neebarbiturates kwaye ukugqithisa kunokukhokelela kwiimeko eziyingozi .
• Izinto ezivuselela imisipha: Ezi zinokubangela ukudideka, umlomo owomileyo, kunye nokuqhina .
• Amayeza angengowe-steroidal alwa nokuvuvukala (ii-NSAID): Amayeza afana ne-aspirin (angaphezulu kwe-325 milligrams ngosuku) anokubangela izifo ezinzulu ezifana nezilonda zesisu, ukopha, okanye ukugqobhoka .
• Amanye amayeza okuphefumla: Amayeza anjenge-atropine anokubangela ukudideka, ukungabikho kwengqondo, kunye nokuphambana kwengqondo .
• Amanye amayeza omchamo: ``(desmopressin)`` anokubangela amanqanaba aphantsi esodium egazini (``(hyponatremia)``) , nto leyo ekwayingozi.
• Amanye amayeza avula imithambo yegazi (i-vasodilators): Amayeza afana ne-`(ergoloid mesylates)` asenokungavelisi ziphumo zilindelekileyo .

Kubalulekile: Le yimizekelo embalwa nje. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo. Nokuba unikwe unyango kolu luhlu, kusenokuba kukho isizathu salo. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika, thetha nogqirha wakho rhoqo.

Olu luhlu lwe-'Beers Criteria' luza kuhlaziywa kangaphi? Kwenziwa njani oku?

Olu luhlu alulolwexesha elinye olubekwe ecaleni. I-American Geriatrics Society iyaluphonononga kwaye iluhlaziya olu luhlu phantse rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu.

Kwenziwa njani? Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa ulwazi lwamva nje oluvela kuphando olutsha lwezonyango kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi. Iqela leengcali zonyango liyahlangana, lihlolisise uluhlu oludala, kwaye linokususa amanye amayeza, longeze amatsha, okanye litshintshe iingcebiso ezikhoyo ngokusekelwe kubungqina obutsha.

Oogqirha bayisebenzisa nini 'iBeers Criteria'?

Olu luhlu sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo esisetyenziswa ngoogqirha xa benika amayeza abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Kodwa asinto oyijongayo nje uze wenze izigqibo ngayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela imbali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango, impilo yakho yangoku, kunye nayo nayiphi na eminye imithi, iivithamini, kunye nezongezo ozithathayo . Baza kugqiba ukuba ingaba iyeza elitsha okanye idosi yeyeza langoku ikhuselekile na kuwe. Basenokufuna ukutshintsha amayeza, idosi, okanye amaxesha okusetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kolu luhlu.

Zeziphi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa usebenzisa 'iiNdlela zokusebenzisa iibhiya'?

Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Yintoni 'Iindlela zokusebenzisa iibhiya'?Yenzelwe abantu abaninzi. Ngoko ke, ayijoliswanga "kumntu ngamnye" . Oko kukuthi, olu luhlu alujongani nempilo yomntu ngokubanzi, naziphi na ezinye izifo anokuba nazo, okanye izinto ezithile ezibangele ukuba ugqirha akhethe iyeza elithile.

Ngoko ke, esi sisixhobo esilungileyo esinokusetyenziswa ngoogqirha. Asithathi zigqibo zogqirha onamava nofanelekileyo.

Umzekelo, ukuba ugqirha ufuna ukukunika iyeza elikolu luhlu elithathwa njengelinokuba yingozi, uya kuqwalasela izinto ezininzi, kuquka impilo yakho kunye nendawo onyangwa kuyo. Kulapho kuphela apho aya kwenza isigqibo sokugqibela sokuba ingaba eli yeza likhuselekile na kuwe. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oogqirha banokukhetha elinye iyeza endaweni yeli kolu luhlu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iyeza elikolu luhlu linikwe ummiselo, ugqirha uya kukujonga ngokusondeleyo ukuze abone ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Kutheni indlela amayeza achaphazela ngayo imizimba yethu itshintsha njengoko sikhula?

Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Njengoko sikhula, imizimba yethu itshintsha izinto ezininzi. Olu tshintsho lunokuchaphazela indlela amayeza afunxwa ngayo kunye nendlela asebenza ngayo emizimbeni yethu. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba umzimba uqhekeke (utshintshe) kwaye ucime iyeza. Oku kuthetha ukuba iyeza linokuhlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elide. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha benika abantu abadala amayeza aphantsi.
• Iyeza lesinye isifo linokuchaphazela esinye. Ngenxa yokuba amanye amayeza atshintsha indlela imizimba yethu esabela ngayo, anokuchaphazela nendlela amanye amayeza asebenza ngayo.
• Utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo. Izinto ezifana nenqanaba lomsebenzi wakho kunye nokutya okutyayo zinokuchaphazela indlela amanye amayeza asebenza ngayo. Ngoko ke xa ubona ugqirha, kubalulekile ukuthetha ngenkqubo yakho yemihla ngemihla, into oyityayo, kunye nokuba uyazilolonga na. Ngaleyo ndlela, unokukhetha unyango olulungele wena.

Oogqirha bayayazi kakuhle imizimba yethu nendlela etshintsha ngayo xa ukhula. Ukuba bakunike amayeza, baya kujonga indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kuwo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akhuselekile.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali?

Kulungile, ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba 'iiNdlela zoTywala' esithethe ngazo luludwe lwezikhokelo ezibalulekileyo ezinceda oogqirha xa benika amayeza abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Oku kunceda oogqirha bagxile kumayeza anokuba yingozi kumntu omdala baze bakhethe ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo.

Khumbula, esi sisixhobo soogqirha, asinto omele uyisebenzisele ukuyeka okanye ukuqala amayeza wedwa.Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga namayeza owasebenzisayo, nceda uthethe nogqirha wakho. Nguye umntu ofanelekileyo ukukunika icebiso elichanekileyo. Ukumamela iimvakalelo zakho yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala usempilweni.

Iikhrayitheriya zebhiya , Impilo yabantu abadala, Amayeza, Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, Amayeza akhuselekileyo, Ukwaluphala