Ngaba nawe uyalibona ihlabathi ngombala omnyama nomhlophe? Masithethe nge-Achromatopsia

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kuya kuba njani ukubona ihlabathi limnyama, limhlophe, kwaye lingwevu ngaphandle kombala? Kwabanye abantu, eli liva lokwenyani. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngengxaki enye engaqhelekanga kodwa ebalulekileyo yokubona. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-achromatopsia. Ungakhathazeki, masiqonde oku ngokulula.

Yintoni iAchromatopsia?

Ngamafutshane, i-achromatopsia yimeko yeliso ezalwa nayo, ebangelwa lufuzo. Eyona nto iphambili koku kukuba amandla okubona imibala anqongophele. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le meko ayibi mbi ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iimpawu azibi mbi. Ngandlela thile, oko kuyanceda, akunjalo? Khawucinge nje, iintyatyambo ezintle ezinemibala, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imibala esixhenxe yomnyama esiyibonayo sonke, aba bantu abaziboni ngendlela efanayo. Oko kungabuchaphazela njani ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla?

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zezi?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-achromatopsia:

• I-Achromatopsia epheleleyo: Kule nto, umbono ulinganiselwe ngokupheleleyo kumnyama, umhlophe, kunye nongwevu. Babona ihlabathi ngokungathi liyifilimu endala emnyama nomhlophe.
• I-Achromatopsia engaphelelanga: Apha, nangona imibala ibonakala ngandlela thile, ayibonakali kakuhle kwaye ibukeka ifiphele. Njengomfanekiso ofiphele kancinci. Kunzima nokwahlula imibala kwenye.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Achromatopsia kunye ne-Color Blindness?

Abanye abantu banokucinga ukuba ezi zimbini ziyafana. Kodwa eneneni, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini. Umntu onesifo sokungaboni imibala uhlala ebona kakuhle, nto leyo ethetha ukuba unokubona izinto ngokucacileyo. Banengxaki yokwahlula imibala ethile, ingakumbi ebomvu neluhlaza. Banokuyibona imibala ngandlela ithile. Kodwa kwimeko ye -achromatopsia , imeko iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi. Ukongeza ekungaboni imibala okanye ukuyibona kakuhle, umbono wabo ubuthathaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto zinokubonakala zingabonakali. Bakwanazo nezinye iingxaki zokubona, ezifana nokunyakaza kwamehlo ngokukhawuleza (nystagmus). Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kakhulu kubo ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla.

Ngamafutshane, ukuba ukungaboni imibala kufana nengxaki yesihluzo sombala, ngoko i-achromatopsia ifana neqela leengxaki ezincinci kwikhamera iyonke.

Angakanani amathuba okuba ndibe nale meko?

I-Achromatopsia yinto evela kwimfuza, oko kukuthi, kwiijini.Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho, nokuba ngolukamama okanye lukatata wakho, onayo le meko, nawe unethuba lokuba nayo. Ngokukodwa, ukuba omabini amacala osapho lwakho (oomama notata wakho) anefuthe lemfuza, ithuba lokuba umntwana abe nale meko limalunga nelinye kwabane (1/4). Oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umntwana uza kuba nayo, kodwa kukho umngcipheko.

Zithini izizathu ze-Achromatopsia?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le yimeko ebangelwa sisiphene semfuza . Ngasemva kweliso lethu, kukho inxalenye ebonakala ekukhanyeni ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina . Ifana nefilimu ekwikhamera. Le retina ineentlobo ezikhethekileyo zeeseli ezibona ukukhanya nombala. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-photoreceptors . Ezi seli zithumela ulwazi engqondweni, zisithi, "Nantsi into efana nale." Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli ze-photoreceptor:

• Iikhowuni: Ezi ziiseli ezisinceda siqaphele imibala. Zikwaziiseli ezisinceda sibone ngokucacileyo ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo (njengasemini). Cinga ngazo "njengeengcali zemibala" emehlweni ethu.
• Iiseli zeRod: Ezi zisinceda sibone izinto ngokucacileyo xa kukho ukukhanya okuphantsi, oko kukuthi, ebumnyameni. Azikwazi kakuhle ukubona imibala. Zifana nabalindi basebusuku.

Okwenzekayo kumntu one-achromatopsia kukuba iiseli zekhoni azisebenzi kakuhle.

• Umntu obona ngokupheleleyo i-achromatopsia uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni kweentonga. Yiyo loo nto engenakukwazi ukubona umbala.
• Kumntu one-achromatopsia engaphelelanga, iiseli zekhoni zisebenza ngandlela thile kunye neeseli zerod. Yiyo loo nto bebona imibala iphela kancinci.

Okwangoku kukho iijini ezintandathu ezaziwayo ezichaphazela le meko. Utshintsho kwezi jini luchaphazela ukusebenza kweeseli zekhoni.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Achromatopsia?

Umntu onesi sifo unokufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Asinguye wonke umntu oza kuba nazo zonke, kodwa ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo:

• I-Scotomas : Njengeendawo ezimnyama kwezinye iindawo zokubona.
• Umbono ofipheleyo, mhlawumbi one- astigmatism : Izinto azibonakali zicacile.
• Ukungaboni imibala: Ukungakwazi okanye ukungakwazi ukubona imibala.
• Ukungaboni kude kakhulu.
• Uloyiko lokubona ilanga: Bakufumanisa kunzima kakhulu ukujonga izinto ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga kunye nezibane ezikhanyayo.
• I-Myopia/Ukungaboni kakuhle.
• Ukubona okungekuhle okanye okuphantsi.
• Iintshukumo zamehlo ezikhawulezayo nezingalawulekiyo (iNystagmus): Oku kuchaphazela nokubona kwabo.

Iimpawu zibonakala nini kubantwana abancinci?

Ngokwesiqhelo, i-photophobia ibonakala kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana uya kufinya amehlo, akhale, okanye afinge iintshiya xa ebona ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo. Iimpawu ezinje ngokungaboni kakuhle kunye nokungaboni kakuhle kombala nazo zinokubakho ngeli xesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha abazali bazibona ezi zinto kuphela xa umntwana wabo emdala kancinci, mhlawumbi emva kweminyaka embalwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntwana usenokungakwazi ukubaxelela ukuba abanakuyibona imibala xa eselula.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-Achromatopsia?

Le meko ifunyaniswa yingcali yamehlo . Xa wena okanye umntwana wakho nibona ugqirha, into yokuqala abaya kuyenza kukubuza ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho (ngaba kukho umntu owakha waba nale meko) kunye neempawu zakho. Ngexesha lovavanyo lwamehlo, i-retina ingabonakala iqhelekile. Ke ngoko, kunokwenziwa iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa imeko. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Uvavanyo lokujonga imibala: Lulinganisa ubuchule bakho bokwahlula imibala eyahlukeneyo.
• I-Fundus autofluorescence: Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusetyenziswa ukuhlola izicubu ze-retina ngaphakathi kweliso.
• Uvavanyo lwe-electrophysiology yamehlo: Hlola indlela amehlo akho kunye nemithambo-luvo edibene nawo esabela ngayo ekukhanyeni.
• Inxalenye yale nto yi -electroretinography (ERG) . Oku kulinganisa impendulo yombane yeeseli zekhowuni kunye neentonga ekukhanyeni. Oku kusinceda sifumanise ukuba zisebenza njani kanye kanye iiseli zekhowuni.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Oku kuthatha imifanekiso ye-retina enqamlezileyo, efana ne- scan .
• Uvavanyo lwebala lokubona: Oku kunokujonga ukuba unazo na iindawo ezingaboniyo, kwaye ukuba zikho, zikhulu kangakanani.

Ukuba ezi mvavanyo zivakala zinzima kancinci, ungakhathazeki. Oogqirha benza ezi mvavanyo ukuqinisekisa imeko echanekileyo yemeko yakho kwaye bakunike icebiso elifanelekileyo olifunayo.

Ngaba kukho unyango lwe-achromatopsia?

Okubuhlungu kukuba, okwangoku akukho nyango lupheleleyo lwemeko ye-achromatopsia.Oko kuthetha ukuba akukho nyango okanye utyando olufunyenweyo oluza kuphelisa oku.

Kodwa, oko akuthethi ukuba umntu onesi sifo akanakuphila ubomi obulungileyo. Akunjalo konke konke!

Nangona benale meko, banokuphila ubomi bokuzimela ngokusebenzisa umbono wabo ngokupheleleyo, belawula iimpawu zabo ngenkxaso yoluntu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda imeko yabo kunye nokulungelelanisa ubomi babo ngokufanelekileyo. Unyango lugxile kakhulu kwizinto ezinceda ukulawula iimpawu nokwenza ubomi bube lula.

Iiglasi ezikhethekileyo

Rhoqo , iilensi ezimnyama zinikwa unyango. Ezi lensi zihluza amaza okukhanya ayingozi. Oku kunokunceda ekunciphiseni i-photophobia. Ezinye iiglasi zinefreyimu ezifikelela emacaleni eendlebe ukuze zibonelele ngokhuseleko oluphezulu. Ezinye zinokuba nesikhuselo phezulu. Ezi zifana neeglasi zelanga, kodwa zikhethekile ngakumbi.

Unyango lombono ophantsi

Oku nako kubaluleke kakhulu. Olu qeqesho lubafundisa indlela yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokukhuselekileyo nangokulula. Umzekelo:

• Indlela yokufunda iincwadi namaxwebhu ngokulula usebenzisa izixhobo zokukhulisa ze-elektroniki .
• Indlela yokuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo usebenzisa intonga ende emhlophe xa uhamba kwiindawo ezingaziwayo.
• Indlela yokujonga ngononophelo imeko-bume engqongileyo kunye nokuchonga iingozi zokuwa.
• Indlela yokuqhela ukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke ukuba awukwazi ukuqhuba imoto.
• Indlela yokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakala zingafani. Umzekelo, kulula kubo ukubona izinto ezifana ne-inki emnyama ephepheni elimhlophe.

Ngoqeqesho olunje, banokuphila ubomi babo ngokuzimela.

Ngaba i-Achromatopsia ingathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba yimeko yemfuza, akukho nto sinokuyenza ukuyithintela ukuba ingakhuli. Oko kuthetha ukuba asinakuyithintela ukuba ingakhuli ngokutya esikutyayo okanye ngezinto esizenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba le meko ingena kumacala omabini osapho lwakho, oko kuthetha ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba nethuba lokudlulisela i-gene kubantwana bakho, ungacinga ngokwenza uvavanyo lwemfuza . Iziphumo zolo vavanyo ziya kukuxelela ukuba kunokwenzeka kangakanani ukuba abantwana bakho bafumane le meko njengelifa. Oku kunokuba luncedo xa ucwangcisa usapho.

Iyintoni imbono yabantu abane-Achromatopsia?

Nangona oku kunokukwenza uzive ulusizi, ingqikelelo yabantu abane-achromatopsia ilungile ngokwenene.

• Abantwana: Aba bantwana badla ngokuya kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo.I-Achromatopsia ayingombandela wokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, banokufuna uncedo ukuze boyise imingeni yabo yokubona (umz., ukwenza umbhalo ube mkhulu kwiincwadi, ukunciphisa izibane). Ukuba ootitshala nabazali bayayazi le nto, akukho mqobo ekufumaneni umntwana imfundo elungileyo.
• Abantu abadala: Abantu abadala abane-achromatopsia bahlala bezimele. Basenokufuna inkxaso eqhubekayo ukuze baqhelane nendawo abakuyo kunye nemisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, bayakwazi ukubamba imisebenzi kunye nokusebenza eluntwini.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubanika inkxaso, ukuqonda, kunye nezibonelelo abazidingayo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzazi xa uphila ne-Achromatopsia

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza izinto kunye neendlela ezinokunceda umntu ophila nale meko ukuba akhuseleke, akhululeke, kwaye azimele.

Ukulungisa imeko-bume yasekhaya:

• Ukulungiswa kwefenitshala: Lungisa ifanitshala endlwini ukuze kubekho indawo enkulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye ingangqubani xa ijikeleza.
• Amakhethini atyebileyo: Beka amakhethini atyebileyo kwiifestile zekhaya lakho. Oku kuya kunceda ukulawula ukukhanya kwendalo okungena endlwini. Azikhululeki xa kukhanya okuqaqambileyo.
• Nciphisa ukukhanya: Faka uhlobo lwe-'Matte paint' kwiindawo ezifana neendonga. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukukhanya okuza emehlweni xa ukukhanya kufikile.
• Ukucwangcisa izinto: Lungisa ikhaya lakho ukuze izinto ezibalulekileyo zibe lula ukuzifumana. Mhlawumbi ungabeka iilebheli ngoonobumba abakhulu nabacacileyo.

Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla:

• Kuphephe ukukhanya okukhanyayo: Zama ukuphepha ukuphuma emini, ingakumbi xa ilanga likhanya kakhulu. Ukuba uyaphuma, nxiba iiglasi zelanga kunye nomnqwazi.
• Isifundi sesikrini: Xa ujonge izikrini zezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezifana neekhompyutha kunye neefowuni, kunokuba nzima ngenxa yokukhanya okuqaqambileyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ungasebenzisa izixhobo zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-"Screen reader". Ezi zixhobo zifunda umxholo wesikrini.
• Iteknoloji yokuncedisa ukubona: Umzekelo, kukho i-'Scanner' ephathwayo enokukuxelela umbala wento. Izixhobo ezinje ziluncedo kakhulu kubo.
• Ukunxiba umnqwazi: Nxiba umnqwazi onomphetho xa uphuma, ingakumbi elangeni. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukukhanya okubetha amehlo akho ngqo.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyazi

I-Achromatopsia yimeko engaqhelekanga yokuzalwa echaphazela ukukwazi ukwahlula imibala kunye nomgangatho wokubona. Iimpawu ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba nzima kwaye ziphazamise ubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Kodwa khumbula, ngokuqonda okufanelekileyo, iiglasi ezikhethekileyo, uqeqesho lokubona okuphantsi, kunye nenkxaso yabantu obathandayo, nomntu onesi sifo ngokuqinisekileyo unokuphila ubomi obuzimeleyo nobunenjongo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike icebiso. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika okanye ukuba neentloni. Okukhona uqaphela ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ungafumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza. I-Achromatopsia, umbono wombala, ukukhubazeka kokubona, izifo zemfuza, i-retina, iiseli zekhoni, iiseli zerod