Ngaba ubuzazi ezi zinto malunga neendlela zakho zomoya?

Sonke siphefumla rhoqo, akunjalo? Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga nzulu malunga nendlela lo moya ophuma ngayo emizimbeni yethu, indlela ophuma ngayo kwakhona, kwaye zeziphi iindlela ezithathayo kolu hambo? Njengokuba kukho iindlela zeemoto, kukho inkqubo ekhethekileyo yeendlela emizimbeni yethu ukuze umoya esiwuthathayo ungene kwaye uphume kwakhona. Ezo ndlela zizinto esizibiza ngokuba yi-'airways' okanye ngesiNgesi `'airways''. Ezi ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuphefumla.

Ngoko ke zithini ezi ndlela zomoya?

Ngamafutshane, iindlela zakho zomoya ziityhubhu, okanye iindlela, ezivumela umoya ukuba ungene kwaye uphume emiphungeni yakho. Zicinge njengeendlela zokuhamba kweenqwelo-moya ukuze zihlale kwaye zisuke. Ezi ndlela kulapho umoya otyebileyo ngeoksijini ungena khona emiphungeni yakho, kwaye i-carbon dioxide (CO2), inkunkuma eqokelelana emiphungeni, ikhutshwa emzimbeni wakho.

Ezi ndlela zomoya zahlulwe zibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili:

1. I-Upper Airways: Ezi zijikeleze ubuso bakho, intloko, nentamo. Zifana nomgangatho ophezulu wendlu. Ziquka:

• Imingxuma yempumlo
• Iimbobo zeesinus (`ii-sinus`)
• Inxalenye ephezulu yomphimbo (pharynx)
• Ibhokisi yelizwi (i-larynx)

Ezi ndawo zilapho umoya uthathwa khona ungene emzimbeni usuka kwindawo engaphandle.

2. IiLower Airways: Ezi zikwinxalenye esezantsi yentamo yakho nesifuba. Ziqhagamshelwe ngqo kwimiphunga. Ezi ziquka:

• Umbhobho womoya (i-trachea - sikwayibiza ngokuba yi-bronchi )
• Iindlela eziphambili zomoya (`ibronchi` - ezi ziityhubhu ezimbini ezinkulu ezahlula i-trachea zibe zimbini)
• Iindlela zomoya ezincinci ('iibronchioles' - ezo tyhubhu zinkulu ezikhula zibe zincinci)

Yeyiphi inkonzo esiyifumanayo ngokwenene kwiindlela zomoya?

Eyona nto iphambili kukuba yindlela yokungena komoya. Kodwa, ukongeza koko, ezi ndlela zomoya zenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu.

• Ulawulo lobushushu kunye nokufuma: Khawuthelekelele uphefumla ngemini ebandayo. Akulunganga ukuba loo moya ubandayo uye ngqo emiphungeni yakho. Ngoko ke, ezi ndlela zomoya zifudumeza umoya ukuze ulingane nobushushu bomzimba wakho. Kwakhona, ukuba umoya womile, wongeza umswakama ofunekayo kuwo.

• Ukususwa kwe-mucus kunye nokukhuselwa: Kukho izigidi zeenwele ezincinci ngaphakathi kwimigudu yethu yomoya. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-cilia. Zifana nemitshayelo emincinci. Kwindlela ephezulu yokuphefumla, ezi zithintela izinto ezinobungozi njengothuli kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingangeni. Kwindlela esezantsi yokuphefumla, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-mucus ibamba la masuntswana amancinci. Emva koko, i-cilia inyuka njengegagasi kwaye ityhale le mucus iye emqaleni. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-escalator ye-mucociliary. Emva koko, xa sikhohlela okanye sithimla, le mucus kunye nezo zinto zinobungozi ziyakhutshwa emzimbeni. Nangona ukuveliswa rhoqo kwe-mucus kunokubonakala ngathi kuyinkathazo, eneneni yindlela yokuba umzimba wethu uzikhusele.

• Ukunceda ngentetho nevumba: Uyazi ukuba uthetha njani ? Xa ukhupha umoya, umoya udlula kwiintambo zelizwi ezikwibhokisi yakho yelizwi (i-larynx) kwaye ziyangcangcazela, zenze isandi. Ngokufanayo, xa uphefumla, amasuntswana evumba ahamba nomoya abetha umthambo okhethekileyo phezulu empumlweni yakho (umthambo wokuhombisa), kwaye loo myalezo uya engqondweni yakho, ukuxelela, "Ah... oko kunuka njengerozi."

Masizazi kakuhle iindawo eziphambili zomoya.

Sithethe kancinci ngale nto ingasentla. Ngoku makhe sijonge indlela eyakheka ngayo le ndlela, ukusuka empumlweni ukuya kwiingxowa ezincinci zomoya (i-alveoli) ngaphakathi emiphungeni.

• Umngxuma wempumlo (ngaphakathi kwempumlo)
• IiSinuses (imingxunya ekhakhayini ejikeleze impumlo)
• Umphimbo (umqala)
• I-Larynx (ibhokisi yelizwi)
• I-Trachea (umphimbo womoya)
• Ibronchi ephambili (`iBronchi`) (iityhubhu ezimbini ezinkulu ezahlula i-trachea)
• Iibronchioles (iityhubhu ezincinci ezahlukana zibe zincinci)

Ezi ndlela zomoya zincinci ekugqibeleni ziqhagamshela kwiingxowa zomoya ezincinci (ii-alveoli) ezingaphakathi emiphungeni, ezifana neqela leediliya. Kulapho ke kwenzeka khona ukutshintshiselana kweoksijini kunye nekharbon dioxide.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela iindlela zomoya?

Ngelishwa, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ezichaphazela le nkqubo ibalulekileyo. Zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili.

1. Iimeko ezingapheliyo

Ezi asizizo izifo ezivele ngequbuliso zize zibe ngcono, kodwa ziimeko ezihlala ixesha elide, mhlawumbi ubomi bonke.

• Isifuba: Le yimeko apho iindlela zomoya zidumba kwaye zinciphe, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Abanye abantu baziva bexinene esifubeni xa bethimla.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Oku kuxa iindonga zeendlela zomoya ziba buthathaka kwaye zidumbe. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukususa umhluzi kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiintsholongwane.
• Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (i-COPD): Esi sisifo semiphunga esingapheliyo esidla ngokuvela kubantu abatshayayo. Sibangela umonakalo wemiphunga ixesha elide kwaye senza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• I-Cystic fibrosis: Esi sisifo semfuza apho ulwelo emzimbeni, ingakumbi i-mucus, luqina kwaye luvale iindlela zomoya.

2. Ukudumba kwendlela yokuphefumla

Ukudumba kukudumba nje. Le migudu yomoya inokudumba ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

• Usulelo: Usulelo lweentsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, inyumoniya, kunye ne-COVID-19 zinokubangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zidumbe.
• Ii-Allergy: Ii-allergy kwizinto ezifana nothuli, i-pollen, kunye nokutya okuthile nazo zinokubangela ukuba iindlela zomoya zidumbe.

Igama lesi sifo liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni oku kudumba kukuphi:

• Ukuba iindlela eziphambili zomoya ziyavuvukala: I-Bronchitis
• Ukuba iindlela zomoya ezincinci ziyadumba (ngokuqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinci): I-Bronchiolitis
• Ukuba imingxunya ye-sinus ivuvukile: I-Sinusitis

3. Ukuvaleka komoya (Ukuvaleka)

Ngamanye amaxesha iindlela zomoya zinokuvalwa yinto ethile.

• Izinto zasemzini: Ingakumbi abantwana abancinci, bathanda ukufumana iziqwenga zezinto zokudlala, amandongomane, kunye nokutya okufana neepizi ezinamathele empumlweni nasemqaleni.
• Ukukhula okungenabungozi: Ngamanye amaxesha ukukhula okungenabo umhlaza kunokwakheka ngaphakathi kwimizila yomoya kwaye kuvale indlela.
• Iithumba ezinomhlaza: Izinto ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga zinokuvala neendlela zomoya.
• Ukuncitshiswa kwendlela yomoya (`Stenosis`): Ngesizathu esithile, inxalenye yendlela yomoya isenokuba mxinwa kwaye iqine.
• I-Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Le yimeko abantu abaninzi abayibiza ngokuba yi "snoring." Izicubu ezithambileyo ezingasemva komqala ziyawa xa ulele, zivale indlela yomoya.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo zokuphefumla?

Ukuba unale mpawu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yengxaki yokuphefumla:

• Ukuxinana kwempumlo, impumlo evuzayo.
• Izandi ezingaqhelekanga xa uphefumla. Umzekelo, kunokubakho isandi somlozi (`ukuphefumla`) okanye isandi esiqatha (`istridor`) .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) – ukuziva uphelelwa ngumoya kwaye uziva uxinene esifubeni nangona unyuka izinyuko ezimbalwa.
• Ukulala kakhulu emini (ingakumbi kwabo bane-OSA).
• Ukukhohlela rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha kunye ne-phlegm.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kungcono ukuba ubonane nogqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwa ngoogqirha ukuze baxilonge ezi meko?

Ugqirha angayalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho:

• I-Endoscopy: Inkqubo esebenzisa ityhubhu encinci (i-scope) enekhamera eqhotyoshelwe kuyo ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi kwimigudu yomoya. Ukuba ijonge ngempumlo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-nasal endoscopy, kwaye ukuba ijonge kwi-trachea kunye ne-bronchi, ibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscopy.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kweMiphunga: Olu luvavanyo olulinganisa izinto ezifana nokuba uphefumla kakuhle kangakanani kunye nomthamo wemiphunga yakho.
• I-pulse oximetry: Uvavanyo olulula olulinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini egazini ngokubeka ikliphu encinci emnweni.
• Ii-X-reyi zesifuba kunye nee-CT scans: Ezi zinokuthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yeendlela zomoya kunye nemiphunga ukuze kuchongwe iingxaki.
• Izifundo zokulala: Ezi mvavanyo zenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba unayo na i-sleep apnea (OSA).

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwezifo zokuphefumla?

Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo kunye nobunzima baso.

• Iintlobo zamayeza:
• Nciphisa ukudumba kwaye uvule iindlela zomoya: Oku kudla ngokwenziwa nge `(ii-inhalers)` (umz. `ii-corticosteroids ezifuywayo`, `ii-bronchodilators`).
• Kwizifo: Amayeza anje ``antivirals`` anikwa kwizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ``antibiotics``` kwizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, kunye ``antifungals``` kwizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane.
• Ukulawula ukudumba okubangelwa zi-allergies, kukho amayeza anjenge-"Antihistamines" kunye ne-"Leukotriene modifiers".

• Ukuba indlela yomoya ivaliwe okanye awukwazi ukuphefumla:
• Utyando: Ukuba indlela ivalwe yinto efana nethumba, kuya kufuneka isuswe ngotyando.
• Ukufakwa kwetyhubhu: Kwimeko apho kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla, kufakwa ityhubhu (ityhubhu ye-endotracheal) ngomlomo okanye empumlweni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa umatshini (umoya woomatshini / umoya womoya) ukunika ukuphefumla.
• I-Tracheostomy (okanye i-tracheotomy): Inkqubo apho kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci ngaphambili entanyeni ungene kwi-windpipe (trachea) ukuze kuvumeleke ukuphefumla. Oku kunokuba kokwexeshana okanye kube ngokusisigxina.

• Kubantu abane-obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba ngumatshini we-CPAP sisetyenziswa ebusuku ngelixa ulele. Oku kusebenzisa uxinzelelo lomoya ukugcina indlela yakho yomoya ivulekile.

Ndingayigcina njani indlela yam yomoya isempilweni?

Bathi, “Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga.” Ngoko ke, kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukuze sigcine indlela yethu yokuphefumla isempilweni.

• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokuvasa: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Iikhemikhali ezikwiicuba nakwiimveliso zokuvasa zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimigudu yomoya nemiphunga. Ukuba sele uneengxaki zokuphefumla, ukutshaya kungenza zibe mandundu.
• Ziphephe iingxolo kunye neegesi eziyingozi: Ziphephe ukuphefumla izinto ezifana nomsi osetyenziswa ngomnye umntu, umsi weekhemikhali, umsi ophuma kwimoto, kunye ne-radon (igesi ebangela umhlaza). Ukuba umsebenzi wakho okanye into oyenzayo ikubeka eluthulini okanye kwingxolo, qiniseka ukuba unxibe imaski.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi: Ukusela amanzi aneleyo imini yonke kunceda ekunciphiseni umhluzi okwindlela yokuphefumla kwaye kuncede ukuba uphume emzimbeni ngokulula.
• Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi. Gquma umlomo nempumlo yakho ngethishu xa uthimla okanye ukhohlela. Fumana naluphi na ugonyo olufunekayo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
• Ukuzilolonga Ukucoca Umoya: Abanye abantu, ingakumbi abo baneengxaki ezifana neCOPD okanye iBronchiectasis, banobunzima bokususa i-mucus. Kukho iindlela ezikhethekileyo kubo, ezinje ngokukhwehlela okufuthayo kunye nonyango lomzimba esifubeni. Buza ugqirha wakho ngale mibuzo.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Mhlawumbi uyaqonda ngoku ukuba iindlela zethu zomoya, okanye iindlela zokuphefumla, azizo nje iityhubhu ezincinci. Hayi indlela ezinceda ngayo imizimba yethu! Ngaphandle kokuba siqaphele, zikhusela imizimba yethu kwiintsholongwane, zisinceda sithethe, kwaye zisinceda sinuke iintyatyambo ezintle.

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke ukuba sinyamekele inkqubo exabiseke kangaka. Ezona zinto zilungileyo esinokuzenza kukuphepha ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya, ukuphepha ukuphefumla umsi onobungozi, ukusela amanzi amaninzi, nokuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo ukuzikhusela kwizifo . Nyamekela impilo yakho yokuphefumla!

Indlela yokuphefumla, Iinqwelomoya, ukuphefumla, imiphunga, i-mucus, i-asthma, izifo zokuphefumla