Xa wafumanisa ukuba une-HIV, umele ukuba waziva wothukile kakhulu, uloyiko, kunye nesizungu. Usenokuba uzibuze, "Ndenze ntoni ngoku?" Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, isayensi yezonyango ihambele phambili kakhulu. I-HIV yimeko, ukuba ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, inokuphila nayo ixesha elide, isempilweni, kwaye iqhelekile. Esona sixhobo sinamandla nesibalulekileyo soku lunyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-ART. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula eya kuphendula yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni yakho.
Kalula nje, yintoni i-ART?
I-ART, emele i -Antiretroviral Therapy , yindibaniselwano yamayeza anikwa ukunyanga intsholongwane kaGawulayo. Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge oko intsholongwane kaGawulayo ikwenzayo emizimbeni yethu.
Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengenqaba ekhuselweyo kakuhle. Kukho amajoni akhethekileyo akhusela le nqaba. Siwabiza ngokuba ziiseli ze-CD4 . Ezi seli zezona ziphambili kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Oko kwenziwa yi-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), njengesela, kukungena kule nqaba aze atshabalalise la majoni okhuseleko, oko kukuthi, iiseli ze-CD4, nganye nganye. Emva koko ukhuselo lwenqaba yethu luyabuthathaka. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye izifo kunye nosulelo oluqhele ukusenzakalisa kakhulu lunokungena ngokulula emizimbeni yethu luze lubangele iimeko ezinzulu.
Nantsi into eyenziwa yi-ART. Nangona la mayeza engenakuyisusa ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane ye-HIV emzimbeni, ayayithintela intsholongwane ukuba iphindaphindeke ngaphakathi emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, ukwenza iikopi zayo ezingaphezulu. Emva koko inani lentsholongwane emzimbeni, esilibiza ngokuba ngumthwalo wentsholongwane , liyehla kancinci kancinci. Xa intsholongwane ilawulwa, umzimba wethu uyakwazi ukwenza iiseli ezintsha ze-CD4 ukuze zithathe indawo yeeseli ze-CD4 ezitshatyalalisiweyo. Emva koko inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela iphinda ibe namandla kwakhona.
I-ART idla ngokuquka ukunika amayeza amabini okanye ngaphezulu kunye. Unyango lusebenza ngakumbi xa kunikwa indibaniselwano yamayeza asebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, endaweni yeyeza elinye kuphela. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba intsholongwane ingakwazi ukumelana namayeza kwaye ikhule ingakwazi ukumelana nawo.
Ithini inqanaba "elingabonakaliyo"?
Esi sesona siphumo sibalulekileyo nesintle sonyango lwe-ART. Xa usela amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo, ubungakanani bentsholongwane ye-HIV (umthwalo wentsholongwane egazini) egazini lakho buyehla buye kwinqanaba eliphantsi kangangokuba alinakubonwa nangovavanyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba linqanaba "elingabonakaliyo" .
Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba unyangekile ngokupheleleyo kwi-HIV. Le ntsholongwane ingahlala ifihliwe ngaphakathi kwiiseli zomzimba. Ukuba uyeka ukusebenzisa amayeza, intsholongwane efihliweyo ingaphinda isebenze. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba uyisebenzise yonke imihla yobomi bakho.
Kodwa zithini iingenelo zale nqanaba "elingabonakaliyo"?
- Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela inamandla, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni nobuqhelekileyo.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Umntu onomthamo wentsholongwane ozinzileyo we-"Undetectable" akanako ukosulela omnye umntu nge-HIV ngokwabelana ngesondo. Le ngcamango siyibiza ngokuba yi -U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable) . Le yinkululeko enkulu kuwe nakwiqabane lakho.
Lusebenza njani unyango lwe-ART?
Intsholongwane ye-HIV isebenzisa inkqubo enzima kakhulu ukungena kwiiseli zethu ze-CD4 kwaye zenze iikopi zazo. Amayeza e-ART asebenza ngokuphazamisa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kule nkqubo. Cinga ngayo njengomphangi othatha amanyathelo amaninzi ukuze angene endlwini, kwaye i-ART isebenza ngokuseta imigibe eyahlukeneyo ukuze imise inyathelo ngalinye.
Masijonge le theyibhile ukuze siqonde indlela amayeza e-ART asebenza ngayo.
| Udidi lweziyobisi | Indlela esebenza ngayo ilula. |
|---|---|
| Ii-NRTI (ii-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) | Endaweni 'yezitena' intsholongwane kufuneka yenze ikopi yayo yemfuza (i-DNA), inikwa 'izitena zobuxoki' ezingenamsebenzi. Emva koko ukuveliswa kwe-DNA kuyema phakathi. |
| Ii-NNRTI (Ii-Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors) | Endaweni yokubonelela 'ngezitena zobuxoki', bavala 'isiseko semason' (i-enzyme) esenza i-DNA. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi uyayeka. |
| Ii-INSTI (ii-Integrase Inhibitors) | Ithintela i-DNA eyenziwe yintsholongwane ekubeni idibane ne-DNA yokwenyani kwiiseli zethu, njengokuba ithintela ukufakwa kwenkqubo yentsholongwane. |
| IiProtease Inhibitors (PIs) | Iikopi zentsholongwane ezisandula ukwenziwa ziyahlanganiswa kwaye 'isikere' (i-enzyme) efunekayo ukuze zisebenze iyacinywa. Emva koko iintsholongwane ezintsha aziveli. |
| Izithinteli zokungena | Ithintela nje intsholongwane ukuba ingangeni kwiiseli zethu ze-CD4. Kufana nokutshixa ucango. |
Ndingayikhetha njani unyango olufanelekileyo lwe-ART kum?
Esi asisosigqibo onokusenza wedwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yamayeza. Uza kuqwalasela izinto ezininzi.
- Umthamo wakho wentsholongwane kunye nenani le-CD4 xa uqala unyango.
- Nokuba sele ukhe wathatha ezinye iindlela zonyango lwe-HIV (ezifana ne-PrEP okanye i-PEP).
- Iziphumo zovavanyo ukuze ubone ukuba intsholongwane emzimbeni wakho ayimelani na namayeza athile.
- Ukhulelwe okanye unethemba lokukhulelwa?
- Ezinye izifo onazo (ezifana nesifo sezintso, isifo sesibindi, isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo) kunye namayeza owaselayo.
- Nokuba ungawathatha amayeza akho ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Amayeza kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
Kwabaninzi abantu, i-ART inikwa njengepilisi yemihla ngemihla. Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza aliqela adityaniswa abe yipilisi enye. Kulula kakhulu. Kwaye ngoku, olu nyango lukwafumaneka njengenaliti enokuthatyathwa kube kanye ngenyanga okanye rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini.
Abanye abantu banokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci xa beqala eli yeza. Izinto ezifana nokucaphuka, ukuhlanza, isisu esibuhlungu, intloko ebuhlungu, ukungalali, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa lusu. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, ezi zinto ziya kuphela emva kweeveki ezimbalwa njengoko umzimba uqhela eli yeza.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, nokuba unesiphumo esinganyamezelekiyo, ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho wedwa. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba intsholongwane isasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwakhona kwaye imelane namayeza. Oko kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba ufumana naluphi na usizi, thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Angatshintsha amayeza akho okanye akuncede ulawule iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Ukubeka esweni impumelelo yonyango
Emva kokuba uqalile unyango, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga imeko yakho rhoqo. Oku kuya kubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi oluphambili olubini.
1. Uvavanyo loMthwalo weNtsholongwane: Jonga ubungakanani bentsholongwane emzimbeni.
2. Inani le-CD4: Jonga amandla enkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Ngokwesiqhelo, umthwalo wentsholongwane wehla uye kwinqanaba "elingabonakaliyo" kwiinyanga ezi-1-6 emva kokuqala unyango. Emva koko, olu vavanyo luyaqhubeka ngamaxesha athile amiselwe ngugqirha ukuze kubonwe ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle na.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-HIV ayisosigwebo sokufa. Ngonyango lwe-ART, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni ngokupheleleyo, obuqhelekileyo, nobude.
- Unyango lwe-ART kufuneka luthathwe ubomi bonke, njengoko ugqirha emisele, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa lusuku olunye .
- Ukuba umthamo wakho wentsholongwane ukwinqanaba "elingabonakaliyo", awunakudlulisela i-HIV komnye umntu ngesondo (U=U).
- Ukuba ufumana naluphi na uvakalelo olungathandekiyo okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumayeza, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze izigqibo ngokwakho.
- Awuwedwa. Ugqirha wakho, usapho lwakho, kunye nabahlobo bakho abathembekileyo bakhona ukukunceda kulo lonke olu hambo. Ungafumana amandla amakhulu kumaqela enkxaso.
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