Ngaba wakha waba nentloko ebuhlungu kangangokuba yayinganyamezeleki? Kwakubonakala ngathi umbane ubethe entloko yakho, okanye ngathi kuqhume ibhombu? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ngezi zinto njengentloko eqhelekileyo, kodwa zinokuba luphawu lwemeko yempilo embi kakhulu. Enye imeko enjalo efuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo yile sithetha ngayo namhlanje, "i-Brain Aneurysm ." Ukuva eli gama kunokoyikisa, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuliqaphela.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-aneurysm?
Khawucinge ukuba kukho umbhobho othwala amanzi. Inxalenye enye yalo mbhobho ibuthathaka kancinci, indala. Emva koko, njengoko amanzi egeleza ngokukhawuleza, loo nxalenye ibuthathaka iqala ukudumba kancinci, njengebhaluni encinci. Kwenzeka into efanayo ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo kumthambo wegazi, okanye kumthambo wegazi, ngaphakathi kwengqondo yethu.
I-brain aneurysm, okanye njengoko oogqirha beyibiza, i-cerebral aneurysm, ludonga olubuthathaka kumthambo ojikeleze okanye ngaphakathi kwengqondo oluphuma phantsi koxinzelelo lwegazi, lwenze i-bulge.
Ngalo lonke ixesha intliziyo yethu ibetha, igazi lihamba ngemithambo yegazi yengqondo phantsi koxinzelelo. Njengoko olu xinzelelo luqhubeka lufikelela kuloo ndawo ibuthathaka, luya lukhula kancinci kancinci. Njengokuba sivuthela umoya kwibhaluni, uya uncipha ngakumbi nangakumbi. Okukhona ukhula, kokukhona amathuba okuba uqhume.
Nangona ezi aneurysms zinokwakheka naphi na engqondweni, zihlala zenzeka kwimithambo emikhulu esezantsi kwentloko yethu. Abanye abantu (malunga ne-10% - 30%) banokuba ne aneurysm engaphezulu kwesinye. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwezi aneurysms zincinci kakhulu. Azibangeli zimpawu.
Iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala kuphela xa i-aneurysm iba nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba icinezele izicubu zobuchopho okanye imithambo-luvo ejikelezileyo. Eyona meko iyingozi kakhulu kuxa i-aneurysm ivuza igazi okanye iqhekeke ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunokubangela ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
Le yingxamiseko yezonyango esongela ubomi. Okukhona i-aneurysm ihlala ixesha elide emva kokuba igqabhukile, kokukhona umngcipheko wokufa okanye ukukhubazeka okukhulu uphezulu.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-aneurysm iqhuma?
Xa i-aneurysm iqhuma, igazi livuza kwizicubu zobuchopho ezingqongileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hemorrhage.Eli gazi libangela uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo kwizicubu zengqondo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ingqondo idumbe. Uphawu oluphambili oluhlala luvela ngenxa yoku yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"thunderclap headache ," intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, ebuhlungu ngendlela engenakucingelwa.
Ukuqhuma kwe-aneurysm kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu, ezinje:
- I-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): Oku kukopha kwegazi kwindawo ephakathi kwengqondo kunye ne-membrane encinci egubungela ubuchopho (umaleko we-arachnoid). Ama-90% oku kukopha kwegazi kubangelwa kukuqhuma kwe-aneurysm.
- Istroke Ebangelwa Kukuphuma kwegazi : Istroke ebangelwa kukopha kwindawo ephakathi kwentloko nengqondo.
Ezi meko zinokubangela umonakalo ongapheliyo engqondweni kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinkulu.
| Ingxaki | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| I-Vasospasm | Imithambo yegazi ebuchotsheni iyavaleka okanye inciphe, nto leyo enciphisa umlinganiselo weoksijini efikelela ebuchotsheni. |
| I-Hydrocephalus | Uxinzelelo oluphezulu engqondweni ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) okanye igazi elijikeleze ingqondo. Sikwabiza oku ngokuthi "yi-hydrocephalus." |
| Ukuxhuzula | Umsebenzi wombane ongalawulekiyo engqondweni. Oku kungonakalisa ingqondo ngakumbi ukuba i-aneurysm iyagqabhuka. |
| I-Coma | Imeko yokungazi nto, njengokulala ubuthongo obunzulu, enokuhlala iiveki. |
| Ukufa | Okubuhlungu kukuba, malunga ne-50% yokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm kuphelela ekufeni. |
Ngubani ofumana i-aneurysms? Ixhaphake kangakanani loo nto?
Le meko ingakhula nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye nabani na angayikhula. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 basengozini enkulu. Kwakhona, uphando lubonise ukuba le meko ixhaphake kancinci kwabasetyhini kunamadoda.
Nangona kungekho datha ithile ngale nto eSri Lanka, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-6% yabemi kumazwe afana ne-United States bane-aneurysm engaqhekekanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba oku akunqabile njengoko umntu enokucinga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm akuqhelekanga kangako.
Zithini iimpawu ze-aneurysm?
Iimpawu zoku ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni i-aneurysm iqhumile okanye ayiqhumanga. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kunokukunceda usindise ubomi bakho.
| Iimpawu ze-aneurysm eqhumayo (imeko engxamisekileyo!) | Iimpawu ze-aneurysm engaqhekekanga (enkulu) |
|---|---|
| Ukuba unale mpawu, yiya kwi-ETU yesibhedlele ( iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo ) ngoko nangoko! | |
| - Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu neyakhawuleza ebomini bam (iThunderclap Headache) - Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza - Ukuqina kwentamo, ukungakwazi ukugoba - Umbono ofipheleyo okanye umbono ophindwe kabini - Ukungakwazi ukujonga ukukhanya (Photophobia) - Ukuba nesifo sokuwa (Ukuxhuzula) - Ijwabu eligobileyo kunye neliso elimnyama elikhulu - Intlungu engentla nangasemva kweliso - Ukuphelelwa lithemba, ukungazinzi - Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka kwinxalenye yomzimba - Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo | - Intloko ebuhlungu (ehlala ihleli okanye eyenzeka rhoqo) - Utshintsho kumbono - Ukwandiswa komfundi weliso - Ukungabi nangqondo entlokweni okanye ebusweni - Intlungu engentla nangasemva kweliso - Ngamanye amaxesha ukufaneleka kuyafika. |
Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kokuba i-aneurysm igqabhuke, inokuvuza igazi elincinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-sentinel bleed . Ngeli xesha, intloko ebuhlungu (sentinel headache) inokwenzeka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki ngaphambi kwentloko enkulu. Ukuba unentloko ebuhlungu engaqhelekanga, ungaze uyityeshele. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
Kutheni le nto ezi aneurysms zenzeka? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Ii-Aneurysms zenzeka xa iindonga zemithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni zisiba buthathaka kwaye zibhityile. Zihlala zenzeka kwiindawo ezinamasebe emithambo-luvo. Ngamanye amaxesha umntu uzalwa enobuthathaka eludongeni lwemithambo-luvo. Ukongeza, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela oku.
Izinto ezibangela ufuzo
Ezi zizinto esingenakuzilawula kwaye zizuzwe njengelifa ngokwemfuza.
- Ezinye zeemeko ezizuzwa njengelifa: Umzekelo, `iVascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome`, `iAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease`, `iMarfan syndrome`, `iFibromuscular dysplasia`.
- Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi kukunxibelelana okungaqhelekanga phakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi engqondweni.
- Ukuba ilungu losapho elisondeleyo (umama, utata, umntakwenu) liye laba ne-aneurysm, nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu.
Indlela yethu yokuphila kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo
Ezi zizinto esinokuzitshintsha size sizilawule.
- Ukutshaya: Olu lutshaba olukhulu oluyonakalisa udonga lwemithambo yegazi.
- Uxinzelelo Lwegazi Oluphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo lubangela uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi: Ingakumbi iziyobisi ezifana ne-cocaine.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
Zithini izizathu zokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm?
Izinto ezifanayo ezinegalelo ekwakhiweni kwe-aneurysm nazo zinegalelo ekuqhekekeni kwayo. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luyimbangela ephambili yokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm. Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lusanda, igazi lityhala ngamandla eludongeni lomthambo.
Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lunyuka ngequbuliso kwaye i-aneurysm inokuqhuma:
- Imvakalelo enamandla, efana noxinzelelo oluqhubekayo okanye ukugqabhuka ngumsindo ngequbuliso.
- Umgudu ofunekayo ukuphakamisa into enzima (xa uphakamisa iintsimbi, uhambisa ifenitshala).
- Ukwazi ukuba une-high blood pressure kodwa awusebenzisi amayeza afanelekileyo.
Ukongeza, izinto ezinje ngobukhulu, imilo, kunye nendawo ekuyo i-aneurysm nazo zichaphazela nokuba iza kuqhambuka okanye ayizukuqhambuka.
Ungayibona njani le meko?
Abantu abaninzi abane-aneurysms engaqhekekanga abazi nokuba banayo. Zihlala zifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha le-MRI okanye i-CT scan yobuchopho ngesinye isizathu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-aneurysm eqhekekileyo (ingakumbi intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu), kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Apho, oogqirha baya kuqhuba uthotho lovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ukopha na.
- I-CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: Oku kunokujonga ngokukhawuleza ukuba akukho gazi engqondweni. Ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa i-scan ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'CT Angiogram (CTA)`, enokwenza imifanekiso ecacileyo yemithambo yegazi.
- Iskeni ye-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezininzi yengqondo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
- I-Cerebral Angiography: Kule meko, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo ufaka ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) nge-groin okanye esihlahleni, ayikhokele kwimithambo yegazi yobuchopho, aze ajonge ngokuchanekileyo indawo, ubungakanani, kunye nokuma kwe-aneurysm.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar kungafumanisa ukopha okujikeleze ingqondo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Eyona njongo iphambili yonyango kukuthintela ukopha kwi-aneurysm. I-aneurysm eqhekekileyo yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango efuna utyando olungxamisekileyo. Ukuba i-aneurysm eqhekekileyo iyanyangwa okanye ayinyangwa kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho.
Iindlela eziphambili zonyango
1. Ukusika iMicvascular Clipping: Olu lutyando oluvulekileyo. Ugqirha wemithambo-luvo wenza umngxuma omncinci ekhayeni aze aye kwindawo ene-aneurysm. Emva koko, njenge-clothespin, kubekwa i-clip encinci yesinyithi entanyeni ye-aneurysm, inqande ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi kuyo.
2. Ukugoba kwe-Endovascular: Oku kuquka ukwenza ukusika okuncinci. Ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) efakwe kwi-groin okanye esihlahleni isetyenziselwa ukufaka ii-wire coils ezincinci kakhulu kwi-aneurysm. Ezi coils zibangela ukuba igazi liqhekeke ngaphakathi kwi-aneurysm, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi kuyo.
3. IiFlow Diversion Stents: Oku kwenziwa ngaphandle kokusikwa. Ityhubhu efana ne-mesh (stent) ifakwa kumthambo wegazi apho kukho i-aneurysm. Oku kulawula ukuhamba kwegazi ngokuthe ngqo emthambo, kudlule i-aneurysm.
Yintoni oyenzayo xa une-aneurysm engaqhekekanga?
Ukuba une-aneurysm encinci, engenazimpawu kwaye akukho ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni angayinyangi.
Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ufanele ulibale ngako. Kuya kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba kukho utshintsho na. Kwakhona, ukuba uyatshaya, uya kucetyiswa ukuba uyeke kwaye ugcine uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphantsi kolawulo .
Isigqibo sokuba wenze utyando okanye hayi senziwa ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala bakho, impilo iyonke, ubungakanani kunye nendawo ekuyo i-aneurysm, kunye nembali yosapho lwakho. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
Ungathini ngekamva?
Kwimeko ye-aneurysm ephumileyo, isiphumo sixhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, impilo, ubungakanani begazi elilahlekileyo, kunye nokuba ufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Okubuhlungu kukuba, malunga nama-25% abantu bayafa kwiiyure ezingama-24 emva kwe-aneurysm ephumileyo. Izinga lokufa limalunga nama-50% kwiinyanga ezintathu.
Malunga nama-66% abantu abasindileyo bafumana uhlobo oluthile lomonakalo osisigxina engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango lwangethuba kunye nokuvuselelwa kakuhle , abanye bayaphila benokukhubazeka okuncinci okanye bengenakukhubazeka kwaphela.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abane-aneurysms encinci nengaqhekekanga baphila ubomi obude ngaphandle kweempawu okanye naziphi na iziphumo ezivela kuyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-brain aneurysm yindawo ebuthathaka kwimithambo yegazi engqondweni evuthuluka njengebhaluni.
- Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso (intloko ebuhlungu 'ye-thunderclap') luphawu olukhulu lokuphazamiseka kwe-aneurysm. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Uninzi lwee-aneurysms ezingaqhekekanga azibangeli zimpawu kwaye zisenokungafuneki unyango.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukuphepha ukutshaya, kunye nokuphepha ukusebenzisa iziyobisi zezona zinto zilungileyo onokuzenza ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko.
- Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-aneurysm, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemingcipheko yakho, iindlela zonyango, kunye nolawulo ukuze wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.
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