Khawuthelekelele ubethe idolo lakho ndaweni ithile. Emva kwexesha elithile, indawo iyavuvukala, akunjalo? Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Sibeka amayeza kuyo, mhlawumbi sibeke ipakethe yomkhenkce kuyo, ize iphilise. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba ingqondo yakho yenzakele kwaye ingqondo yakho iyavuvukala? Leyo yimeko embi kakhulu, esongela ubomi. Kuba ingqondo yethu ingaphakathi kwentloko eqinileyo nenamathambo. Ngoko ayinandawo ingako yokuvuvuka njengedolo. Oku kunqongophala kwendawo kunokubangela ukuba ingqondo icinezelwe kwaye kubangele iingxaki ezinkulu.
Yintoni Ukudumba Kobuchopho?
Ngamafutshane, ukudumba kwengqondo yimeko apho ulwelo luqokelelana ngaphakathi kwizicubu zengqondo ngesizathu esithile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ingqondo idumbe. Oku kubizwa ngamagama aliqela kwezonyango.
- Ukudumba kobuchopho
- Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi kwengqondo
Xa ingqondo idumba ngale ndlela, indawo engaphakathi kwentloko eqinileyo iba ncinci nangakumbi. Oku kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwengqondo, olwaziwa ngokuba yi -Intracranial Pressure (ICP), lunyuke kakhulu. Xa olu xinzelelo lusanda, imithambo yegazi ethambileyo ethwala igazi liye engqondweni iqala ukudumba. Ingqondo emva koko iyayeka ukufumana ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo. Oku kungonakalisa iiseli zengqondo, okanye kubangele ukuba zife. Ukongeza, iindlela zokukhupha ezinye izinto ezikwingqondo nazo zinokuthintelwa kukudumba, nto leyo eyenza imeko ibe mandundu nangakumbi.
Oku kufana nokufaka ibhaluni egcwele amanzi kwibhokisi encinci uze uyicinezele. Ibhaluni ingaqhuma, akunjalo? Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwingqondo.
Yintoni ebangela ukudumba kwengqondo?
Akukho nobangela umnye wokudumba kwengqondo, kodwa zininzi izinto ezinokubangela oku. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekulimaleni entloko ukuya kwizifo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ngokusondeleyo ukuba zeziphi ezi zizathu.
| Unobangela | Ingcaciso Elula |
|---|---|
| Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangela usizi (TBI) | Ingqondo ingonakalisa kwaye idumbe ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokungqubana kwemoto, ukuwa, ukubetheka kakhulu entloko, okanye ukuhlaselwa. Oku kunokwenzeka nokuba amathambo entloko aphukile kwaye imithambo yegazi yonakele. |
| I-Ischemic Stroke | Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwestroke. Lwenzeka xa umthambo wegazi engqondweni uvalwe lihlwili legazi. Xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuyeka, iiseli zengqondo ziqala ukufa, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba. |
| Istroke Esibangelwa Kukopha | Umthambo wegazi osebuchotsheni uyaqhuma uze uqale ukopha. Eli gazi liqokelelana ngaphakathi kwengqondo, linyusa uxinzelelo kwaye libangele ukudumba. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu yeyona nto ibangela oku. |
| Iintsholongwane | Usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane okanye ziibhaktheriya lunokubangela ukudumba kwengqondo. Imizekelo: I-Meningitis - ukudumba kwee-membrane ezigubungela ingqondo, i-Encephalitis - ukudumba kwengqondo ngokwayo, i-Toxoplasmosis - usulelo olubangelwa yiparasite. |
| Iintsholongwane zobuchopho | Ithumba elikhula ngaphakathi kwengqondo linokubangela ukudumba ngokucinezela izicwili zobuchopho ezingqongileyo kunye nokuthintela ukuhamba kolwelo lomgogodla. |
| Iindawo eziPhakamileyo | Abanye abantu banokuba nale meko xa besiya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngaphezu kweenyawo ezingama-4900 ngaphezu kolwandle (umz., iindawo zeentaba ezingaphezulu kweNuwara Eliya). Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiHigh-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) . |
Zithini iimpawu zokudumba kwengqondo?
Iimpawu zokudumba kwengqondo zihlala zivela ngequbuliso. Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobungakanani bokudumba. Usenokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:
- Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
- Intlungu yentamo okanye ukuqina
- Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
- Isiyezi
- Ukuphefumla okungaqhelekanga
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono okanye utshintsho embonweni (njengokubona izinto ezimbini)
- Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo
- Ubunzima bokuhamba
- Ubunzima bokuthetha, ukubopha ulwimi
- Ukudinwa, imeko yokulahlekelwa lulwazi ngento eyenzekayo kufutshane nawe
- Ukuxhuzula
- Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kufuneka kuthathwe njengengxamiseko yezonyango. Yisa isigulana kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le meko?
Xa usiya esibhedlele, oogqirha baya kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nesizathu esirhanelwayo.
- Uvavanyo lomzimba: Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kuhlola intloko yakho, intamo, nomzimba wakho ngononophelo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-neurologic: Ingqondo yakho, umbono, ibhalansi, kunye ne-reflexes ziyajongwa.
- I-CT scan: Oku kunokuchonga ngokukhawuleza indawo kunye nobungakanani bokudumba kwengqondo.
- I-MRI scan: Oku kunokubonelela ngomfanekiso ocacileyo noneenkcukacha ngakumbi wezicubu zobuchopho.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ukujonga ezinye izizathu, ezinje ngezifo.
- Ukubhoboza iLumbar: Kwezinye iimeko, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukujonga ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal olujikeleze ingqondo ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho naziphi na izifo okanye ezinye iingxaki.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokudumba kwengqondo?
Kukho iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zonyango lokudumba kwengqondo. Enye kukubonelela ingqondo ngeoksijini negazi elifunekayo. Enye kukunciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwekhakayi nokulawula ukudumba. Oku kunokufuna indibaniselwano yonyango lwezonyango notyando. Okukhona unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuchacha angcono kwaye aphile ngokupheleleyo.
| Indlela Yonyango | Ingcaciso elula (Into eyenzayo) |
|---|---|
| Unyango lweoksijini | Ioksijini engaphezulu inikwa ngesixhobo somoya ukugcina amanqanaba eoksijini alungileyo egazini. |
| Ulwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (ii-IV Fluids) | Izinto ezifana ne -saline zinikwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) ukuze uxinzelelo lwegazi lungabi phantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iziselo zinokunyusa ukudumba, ngoko oogqirha bazinika ngononophelo olukhulu. |
| Amayeza | Kunikwa amayeza ahlukeneyo ukunciphisa ukudumba, ukunyibilikisa amahlwili egazi, okanye ukulawula indlela umzimba osabela ngayo. |
| I-Ventriculostomy | Le yindlela yotyando. Kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci ekhayeni, kufakwe ityhubhu yeplastiki engqondweni, kuze kususwe ulwelo olugqithisileyo kwaye uxinzelelo luncitshiswe. |
| Utyando | Oku kuquka ukususa okwethutyana inxalenye yekhakayi ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo (decompressive craniectomy) , ukulungisa umthambo wegazi owophayo, okanye ukususa ithumba lobuchopho. |
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide emva kokudumba kwengqondo?
Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide emva kokuxinwa yingqondo. Ezi ziphumo zixhomekeke kubukhulu bomonakalo wengqondo kunye nenxalenye yengqondo eyonakeleyo.
- Iingxaki zokulala
- Ubunzima bokucinga nokugxila
- Intloko ebuhlungu rhoqo
- Uxinzelelo
- Ubunzima bokuthetha
- Iingxaki ezinxulumene neentshukumo zomzimba
- Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo
Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunceda ujongane nale mingeni. Nangona ezinye iingxaki zinokuphucuka kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezinye zisenokufuna unyango oluqhubekayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukudumba kobuchopho yimeko eyingozi kakhulu efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo, njengoko uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwentloko lusanda.
- Ukulimala entloko, istroke, usulelo, kunye neethumba zobuchopho zinokuba zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela oku.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, ukuhlanza, isiyezi, utshintsho embonweni, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo , yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Unyango olufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo lunokusindisa ubomi kwaye lunciphise iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide. Ngoko ke ungaze uzityeshele ezi mpawu.
- Le ngozi ingancitshiswa ngezinto ezilula ezifana nokusebenzisa isigcina-ntloko, iibhanti zokhuseleko, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya.
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