Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye unexhala xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba wenze i-biopsy yebele. Usenokucinga, "Owu, ngaba ndinomhlaza?" Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ukuba ucelwa ukuba wenze i-biopsy akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza. Enyanisweni, abafazi abangama-80 kwabayi-100 abanolu hlobo lwe-biopsy bafunyenwe bengenawo umhlaza. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ngaphandle koloyiko.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-biopsy?
Ngamafutshane, i-biopsy yebele yinkqubo apho kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwindawo ebeleni lakho lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Khawuthelekelele ukuba uneqhuma ebeleni lakho. I-biopsy yeyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ingaba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo. Nangona ezinye iintlobo ze-scan (i-Mammogram, i-Ultrasound) zinokukunika umbono othile, yi-biopsy kuphela enokukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo.
Kutheni ufuna i-biopsy?
Ugqirha uya kucebisa ukuba wenze i-biopsy ngesizathu esinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuva iqhuma okanye ukutyeba ebeleni: Ukuba ubona iqhuma elingaqhelekanga, iqhuma, okanye ukutyeba ebeleni, nokuba kuxa uzihlola okanye xa ugqirha wakho ekwenza uvavanyo.
- I-mammogram engaqhelekanga: Ukuba ingxelo yakho ye-mammogram ibonisa indawo ekrokrisayo.
- Iziphumo ze-ultrasound scan: Ukuba i-ultrasound scan yebele ichonga indawo ekrokrisayo enokuba ngumhlaza.
- Utshintsho kulusu olujikeleze ingono yakho okanye i-areola: Utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwingono yakho okanye kulusu olumnyama oluyijikelezileyo (i-areola), umzekelo, ukuqhekeka, ukufiphala, okanye ukukhupha okungaqhelekanga.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba unempawu ezinje akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni na kubalulekile ukuze ube noxolo lwengqondo kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-biopsies zebele ezikhoyo?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza i-biopsy yebele. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesimo esingaqhelekanga ebeleni lakho, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lweBiopsy | Inkcazo emfutshane |
|---|---|
| i-biopsy ye-Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) | Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa inaliti encinci kakhulu nencinci ukususa ulwelo okanye iiseli ezincinci kwindawo ekrokrisayo. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa yingcali ye-radiologist. |
| I-biopsy yebele yenaliti engundoqo | Oku kusebenzisa inaliti enkulu kancinci kune-FNA, ngoko ke isiqwenga esikhulu sethishu sinokufunyanwa ukuze sihlolwe. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa yingcali ye-radiologist. |
| I-biopsy yebele ekhutshwayo (i-Lumpectomy) | Olu lutyando oluncinci. Lubandakanya ukususa lonke ithumba okanye izicubu ezingaqhelekanga ezicingelwa ukuba zingumhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha ezinye zezicubu eziqhelekileyo ezijikeleze lona ziyasuswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziseli zomhlaza ezishiyekileyo. |
| I-biopsy yebele eqatywe ngemicu | Olu lutyando. Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokususa lonke ithumba, kunqunyulwa iqhekeza elincinci kwindawo ekrokrisayo lize lithunyelwe ukuze livavanywe. |
Ufanele uzilungiselele njani ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-biopsy?
Ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-biopsy, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho, ugqirha otyandayo, okanye ingcali ye-radiology ngezi zinto.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye ungakhulelwa.
- Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi (anciphisa igazi), ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba uyeke ukuwasebenzisa okanye ulungise umthamo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo lwe-biopsy.
- Ukuba uthatha i-aspirin okanye ezinye izongezo zemifuno.
- Malunga nezinye izifo onazo kunye notyando olusandula ukwenziwa.
- Ii-aleji onazoKubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nge-allergies kwi-anesthesia.
Ukongeza, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunika iingcebiso ngezinto ezifana nokuba uyisebenzise na okanye ungayisebenzisi i-deodorant ngomhla wokwenziwa kwe-biopsy kunye nokuba ufuna umntu oza kukuthatha akuse ekhaya emva kokwenziwa kwe-biopsy.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-biopsy?
Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe isiqwenga sethishu ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy, ezinye iindlela zisetyenziswa ukuphawula indawo echanekileyo yethishu eza kuthathwa.
Ukufumana indawo eyiyo ngokuskena (Iinkqubo ezikhokelwa yimifanekiso)
Ngexesha le-biopsy, iskena singasetyenziswa ukubona ngqo apho kufuneka sifake khona inaliti. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'image-guided procedure'. Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo koku zezi:
- I-biopsy yebele ye-Stereotactic
- I-biopsy ekhokelwa yi-ultrasound
- I-biopsy ekhokelwa yi-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Indawo yentambo okanye engeyiyo yentambo
Ukuba wenza i-biopsy yotyando, indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-'wire localization' ingasetyenziswa ukunceda ugqirha otyandayo ukuba afumane indawo echanekileyo ekufuneka ayisuse. Oku kuquka:
1. Okokuqala, ingcali yokubulala iintlungu iza kufaka inaliti encinci kwindawo yebele lakho ukuze ingasebenzi kakuhle.
2. Emva koko, phantsi kwesikhokelo seskeni (umz., i-ultrasound, i-MRI), ugqirha otyandayo ufaka inaliti encinci kakhulu, engenanto kwindawo apho kufuneka kwenziwe khona i-biopsy.
3. Nje ukuba inaliti ikwindawo efanelekileyo, kufakwa intambo encinci kakhulu, engenazintsholongwane embindini wenaliti. Le ntambo inesigqubuthelo esincinci ekupheleni, ngoko ke ayizukuhambahamba.
4. Emva koko inaliti iyasuswa. Yintambo kuphela ehlala ngaphakathi esifubeni. Inxalenye ephumayo yentambo ibonakala.
5. Emva kokuba utyando lugqityiwe, olu cingo lususwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ngokufanayo, ezinye iindlela zanamhlanje ezifana nezixhobo ezincinci zemagnethi kunye nezixhobo ze-radioactive ngoku zisetyenziswa ukuphawula iindawo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-biopsy?
Amava anokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-biopsy onayo.
- Kwimeko ye-biopsy yeFine Needle Aspiration (FNA): Ugqirha uza kuyivala loo ndawo (i-local anesthesia) aze afake inaliti ukuze kufunyanwe isampuli encinci yeeseli kunye nolwelo.
- I-Core Needle Biopsy: Ingcali ye-X- ray iyayivala loo ndawo, mhlawumbi yenze umngxuma omncinci kakhulu eluswini, ifake inaliti, ize ithathe isampuli yezicubu. Emva koko kubekwa uphawu oluncinci ('uphawu lwe-biopsy') ukuze kuphawulwe indawo yesampuli. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba afumane indawo echanekileyo yesampuli ukuba kufuneka ezinye iisampulu kamva okanye ukuba kufuneka utyando.
- Ukuba utyando (njengotyando lwe-lumpectomy) luthi:Ingcali yokubulala iintlungu iza kukufaka phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo. Ugqirha uza kwenza utyando lwebele lakho aze asuse indawo echaphazelekayo yezicubu. Utyando luza kuvalwa nge-stitches kunye ne-bandage engenazintsholongwane.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani oku kwaye kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
| Uhlobo lwe-biopsy | Ixesha elichithwe | Ixesha lokuchacha |
|---|---|---|
| Ukufunxwa Ngenaliti Encinci (i-FNA) | Malunga nemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 | Kwanele ukuphumla ngaloo mini. Ungenza umsebenzi oqhelekileyo ukususela ngosuku olulandelayo. |
| I-Core Needle Biopsy | Malunga nemizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-60 | Kungcono ukuphepha ukuphakamisa izinto ezinzima okanye ezinzima ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini. |
| I-Biopsy yotyando (Ukususwa kweLumpectomy/Ukusika) | Malunga nemizuzu engama-60 | Kusenokubakho iintlungu kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Kungathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ukubuyela kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo. Oku kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bomngxunya kunye nobungakanani bezicubu ezisusiweyo. |
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kunye neengxaki ngale nto?
Njengakweminye inkqubo yezonyango, kukho iingozi ezithile ezibandakanyekayo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, iingxaki ezinkulu azifumaneki rhoqo .
- Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezinokwenzeka:
- Ukugruzuka
- Ukopha
- Ukudumba
- Intlungu okanye ubunzima bokuphilisa
- Usulelo lwenxeba ngotyando
- Iingxaki ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu:
- Ukuqokelelwa kwegazi ngaphakathi kwebele (i-hematoma yebele)
- Ukonakala kwemiphunga (pneumothorax)
Ithini ingxelo ye-biopsy?
Isampuli yezicubu zakho ihlolwa yingcali yezifo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo, ingachongwa ukuba ayinabungozi, inomhlaza, okanye ayinamhlaza.
Kuthekani ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ngumhlaza?
Ukuba isiphumo ngumhlaza, ungoyiki. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika lonke uncedo kunye nesikhokelo osidingayo. Ingxelo ingaquka oku kulandelayo:
- Uhlobo lwethumba: Nokuba `luyangena` (lusasazeka kwizicwili ezingqongileyo) okanye `lungangeni` (luhlala kwindawo enye kwaye alusasazeki).
- Uhlobo lwethumba: Indlela iiseli zomhlaza ezihlukana ngayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nendlela ezifana/ezahluke ngayo kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo.
- Isimo se-hormone receptor: Ii-hormones zinceda ukukhula kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Oku kukuxelela ukuba umhlaza wakho uxhomekeke kwii-hormone na, njenge-estrogen receptor-positive (ER+).
- Imeko ye-HER2: `I-HER2` yiproteni enceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule kwaye zisasazeke. Oku kunokukuxelela ukuba umhlaza wakho 'une-HER2-positive' okanye akunjalo.
Musa ukothuka ngala mazwi. Konke oku kwenzelwa ukunceda ugqirha ukuba akukhethele unyango olufanelekileyo. Uza kukuchazela yonke into.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iziphumo zibuye? Ndingathetha nini nogqirha?
Kudla ngokuthatha malunga neveki ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini ukufumana iziphumo ze-biopsy. Siyazi ukuba eli lingaba lixesha elinzima. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo, ukwenza izinto ozithandayo, kunye nokuthetha ngeemvakalelo zakho nomntu omthembayo kuya kukunceda ngeli xesha.
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko:
- Umkhuhlane (ngaphezulu kwama-38.4 Celsius / 101 Fahrenheit).
- Ububomvu okanye ukuba mnyama okungaqhelekanga kwesikhumba esijikeleze indawo yovavanyo lwegazi.
- Ukuziva iintlungu eziqatha xa uchukumisa loo ndawo.
- Ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwamanxeba .
Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezibonakala ngathi ngumhlaza, kodwa azingomhlaza?
Ewe, ayilo lonke iqhuma okanye utshintsho oluvela emabeleni oluyimhlaza. Zininzi iimeko ezingezizo zomhlaza (ezingeyongozi) ezinokubonisa iimpawu zomhlaza.
- I-Fibroadenoma: Olu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweqhubu elingengomhlaza.
- Ukwakheka kwe-calcium emabeleni: Ukufakwa kwe-calcium kwizicubu zebele.
- IiCysts:Ii-cysts ezifana neengxowa ezizaliswe lulwelo. Ezi zinokuba buhlungu ngamanye amaxesha.
- I-Fibrosis: Izicubu zebele ziyaqina kwaye ziqine ngenxa yotshintsho lweehomoni.
Ngoko ke, xa ugqirha ekucela ukuba wenze i-biopsy, kukuqinisekisa ukuba zeziphi kwezi meko unazo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukucelwa ukuba wenze i-biopsy yebele akuthethi ukuba ngumhlaza. Ama-80% ee-biopsy abuya engenazo iziphumo.
- Eyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ngokupheleleyo ukuba utshintsho oluvela emabeleni lubangela umhlaza okanye akunjalo kukwenza i-biopsy.
- Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko kunye nexhala ngale nto. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nezinto ezikuxhalabisayo kunye nezoyikisayo.
- Ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-biopsy, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo ngemeko yakho yempilo kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo emva kovavanyo lwe-biopsy. Ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu zosulelo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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