Xa oogqirha befumanisa ukuba unomhlaza webele, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa i-chemotherapy. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa usiva oku. Kodwa xa unolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nolu nyango , ungaloyisa olo loyiko. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-chemotherapy. Ii-alkylating agents zezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili zamayeza asetyenziselwa umhlaza webele. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula namhlanje.
Zisebenza njani ezi ziyobisi zibizwa ngokuba zii-Alkylating Agents?
Ukuze siqonde oku, kufuneka siqale sicinge ngeeseli zomhlaza. Iiseli zomhlaza ziiseli ezahlukanayo neziphindaphindana ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kolawulo. Ii-alkylating agents zazingenye yeziyobisi zokuqala ezafunyanwa ukulwa nomhlaza. Zisasetyenziswa kakhulu nanamhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, olu hlobo lwamayeza lusebenza ngokuthintela iiseli zomhlaza ekubeni zizenzele iikopi zazo, oko kukuthi, ukuba zingahlukani kwaye zikhule. Lukwenza oku ngokuthi:
Iseli nganye inomfanekiso opheleleyo, okanye "iplani," yaloo seli. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-DNA. Oko kwenziwa zii-alkylating agents kukuya ngqo kwi-DNA yeseli yomhlaza kwaye zinamathele kuyo. Njengokuba isitshixo esinye singenakusebenza ukuba usincamathisela kwesinye, xa eli yeza libopha kwi-DNA, loo seli ayinakwahlulwahlulwa.
Xa ukwahlukana kweeseli kuyeka ngale ndlela, iiseli zomhlaza ziyafa kancinci kancinci. Kwizonyango, le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-apoptosis . Oko kukuthi, ukufa kweeseli okucwangcisiweyo.
Olunye uphawu olukhethekileyo lwala mayeza kukuba anokuhlasela aze atshabalalise iseli yomhlaza nakweliphi na inqanaba lobomi bayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'cell-cycle phase nonspecific'. Ke ngoko, asebenza kakhulu kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, ingakumbi ezo zikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Eli yeza lisenokunikwa njengepilisi okanye njengesisombululo setyuwa ngomthambo (IV - ngemithambo). Rhoqo, ugqirha wakho uya kunika eli yeza kunye namanye amayeza e-chemotherapy (unyango oludibeneyo).
Ziziphi iintlobo zee-Alkylating Agents?
Eli qela lamayeza lahlulwe laba ngamaqela aliqela aphambili. Nangona amagama ala mayeza eyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kulungile ukwazi kuba ungafumana elinye lawo lidweliswe kwiphepha lakho lamayeza.
| Iqela leziyobisi | Amayeza akwelo didi (Imizekelo) |
|---|---|
| Iimasitadhi zenitrogen | i-bendamustine, i-chlorambucil, i-cyclophosphamide , i-ifosfamide, i-mechlorethamine, i-melphalan |
| I-Ethylenamine kunye ne-methylenamine derivatives | i-altretamine, i-thiotepa |
| Ii-alkyl sulfonates | i-busulfan |
| IiTriazenes | i-dacarbazine, i-procarbazine, i-temozolomide |
| Iiarhente ezineplatinum | i-carboplatin , i-cisplatin, i-oxaliplatin |
| I-Nitrosoureas | i-carmustine, i-lomustine, i-streptozocin |
Phakathi kwezi, udidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yiNitrosoureas lukhethekile kancinci. Kuba la mayeza anokunqumla umaleko okhuselayo obizwa ngokuba 'ngumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho' okhusela ubuchopho bethu. Uninzi lwamayeza alunakunqumla lo mqobo. Ke ngoko, abalulekile xa kunyangwa umhlaza onxulumene nobuchopho.
Ziziphi iintlobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza webele?
Amayeza akwiindidi ze- 'Nitrogen Mustards' kunye ne-'Ethylenamine kunye ne-methylenamine derivatives' asetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwezigaba ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza webele.
I-Cytoxan (iCyclophosphamide)
Eli liyeza elikwiqela le-'Nitrogen mustard'. Ungayithatha njengepilisi okanye uyinike i-IV emthanjeni. Idla ngokusetyenziselwa oku kulandelayo:
- Nqanda ukuba umhlaza okwinqanaba lokuqala ungabuyi emva kotyando.
- Ukuba umhlaza sele uqhubele phambili, nciphisa iqhuma ngaphambi kotyando.
- Nyanga umhlaza osele uhambile emva kotyando kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango.
IThiotepa
Le yimveliso evela kwi-`Ethylenamine`. Idla ngokufakwa ngemithambo yegazi. Isetyenziselwa oku kulandelayo:
- Kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza, nciphisa umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye .
- Nyanga umhlaza okwinqanaba eliphezulu.
I-Carboplatin
Eli liyeza eliqulethe iplatinum. Lilodwa iyeza leplatinum elivunyiweyo kunyango lomhlaza webele. I-'Carboplatin' idla ngokunikezelwa kumhlaza oqhubele phambili, kwaye idityaniswe nezinye iziyobisi ze-chemotherapy. Ikwanikwa njenge-IV.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zale mithi?
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili nge-chemotherapy kukuba ayikwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweeseli zomhlaza kunye neeseli eziphilileyo. La mayeza ajolise kwiiseli ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Iiseli zomhlaza, njengeeseli ezithile eziphilileyo emizimbeni yethu (umzekelo, iiseli ezenza iifollicles zethu zeenwele, iiseli ezijikeleze ulwelo lomlomo wethu namathumbu, kunye neeseli zegazi), zahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke la mayeza achaphazela nezo seli ziphilileyo, yiyo loo nto ebangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azenzeki kuye wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu banokuba neziphumo ezingaphezulu, abanye banokuba neziphumo ezimbalwa. Musa ukukhathazeka ngale nto. Ugqirha wakho angakunceda ulawule uninzi lwezi zinto.
| Uhlobo lwesiphumo esibi |
|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo abantu abaninzi abanokuzifumana |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, ukungabi namdla wokutya, ukwehla kobunzima, iintlungu zesisu, urhudo |
| Ukudinwa |
| Ukulahlekelwa ziinwele, izilonda zomlomo okanye zolwimi |
| Utshintsho kumbala wolusu, umbala okanye ukukhula kweenzipho zeminwe nezeenyawo |
| Ukwehla kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wosulelo) |
| Imijikelo yokuya exesheni engaqhelekanga kubafazi |
| Iimpawu ezinzulu ekufuneka zixelwe kugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko |
| Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, umphimbo obuhlungu (iimpawu zosulelo) |
| Ukuphola kancinci kwamanxeba, ukugruzuka okungaqhelekanga okanye ukopha |
| Indle emnyama okanye engapheliyo, iintlungu xa uchama, okanye igazi emchameni |
| Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, amaqhuqhuva, ukurhawuzelela |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuginya, ukuphefumla okunzima, ukukhohlela |
| Ukudumba kwemilenze, amaqatha, okanye iinyawo, iintlungu zesifuba |
| Ukutyheli kolusu okanye amehlo (iimpawu ze-jaundice) |
Ingxamiseko!
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba inkonzo ye-ambulensi ka-1990:
* Izitulo ezimnyama
* Ukopha okungenakunqandwa
* Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla
* Iintlungu zesifuba
* Iimpawu zempendulo enzima ye-allergy (njengokudumba kobuso, imilebe)
Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi alkylating agents zingonakalisa umongo wethu wamathambo. Umongo wamathambo kulapho umzimba wethu wenza khona iiseli ezintsha zegazi. Kukho umngcipheko omncinci kakhulu wokufumana olunye uhlobo lomhlaza, olufana ne-leukemia, ngenxa yalo monakalo. Lo mngcipheko uhlala unyuka kancinci njengoko umthamo weyeza unyuka. Musa ukukhathazeka ngale nto ngokungeyomfuneko.Ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhululekileyo ngeendlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibini ofana nalo. Uza kukunika lonke icebiso olifunayo.
Ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa usenza unyango
Ngenxa yokuba la mayeza anamandla kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho imbali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango ukuze akwazi ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esifanela wena kwaye anciphise iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Qiniseka ukuba uxoxa nogqirha wakho ngale nto ilandelayo:
- Malunga nazo naziphi na izinto ezibangela ukuba ungabi namdla (kumayeza, ukutya).
- Malunga nazo naziphi na iivithamini, izongezo, okanye amayeza emifuno owasebenzisayo.
- Malunga neemeko zakho zezintso okanye zesibindi .
- Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy ngaphambili, sixelele ngalo.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe, uncancisa, okanye uceba ukuba nomntwana kungekudala .
- Ukuba kukho naluphi na utyando ekufuneka ulwenze kwixesha elizayo, thetha ngalo.
Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo, ingakumbi ukuba usela iipilisi. Ukuba ulibele ukuthatha idosi, thatha idosi elandelayo njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Ungaze uthathe iidosi ezimbini ngaxeshanye ukuze ubuyisele idosi oyiphosileyo. Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uyeke unyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-alkylating agents luhlobo lweyeza elinamandla le-chemotherapy elonakalisa i-DNA yeeseli zomhlaza kwaye lizithintele ekuqhekekeni.
- Ngenxa yokuba la mayeza achaphazela zombini iiseli zomhlaza kunye nokwahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza iiseli eziphilileyo, anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokucaphuka kunye nokulahleka kweenwele. Ezi zinokulawulwa.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nembali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango, amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nee-allergies.
- Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezinzulu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukopha kakhulu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Akufuneki utshintshe umthamo wamayeza okanye uyeke unyango ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
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