USudesh (oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala) weza ekliniki yam ngaloo mini enoloyiko olukhulu. Wayesandula ukufunda kwi-intanethi ukuba ukosuleleka yi-HIV (i-human immunodeficiency virus) kwakukhula ngokukhawuleza phakathi kolutsha eSri Lanka.
"Gqirha Priya, ndiziva ndoyika kakhulu xa ndibona le datha. Ngaba imeko eSri Lanka imbi kangaka? Yintoni ebangela ukuba oku kusasazeka, ingakumbi phakathi kwamadoda aselula? Asinakukuphepha oku?" wabuza uSudesh ngomdla omkhulu.
Ndamcacisela ngokuzolileyo uSudesh: "Sudesh, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubuze lo mbuzo. Kuba namhlanje ukwanda kosulelo lwe-HIV phakathi kwesizukulwana esitsha eSri Lanka kuye kwaba yingxaki enkulu yempilo yoluntu. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungayoyiki le nto, kodwa kukwazi ulwazi oluchanekileyo lwesayensi kunye neendlela zokuthintela. Masithethe ngale nto ngokukhululekileyo namhlanje."
Idatha ithi: Kutheni i-HIV isanda phakathi kwamadoda aselula?
Ukuba sijonga idatha evela kwiNkqubo yoLawulo lweZifo eziThathelana ngesondo kunye ne-AIDS yaseSri Lanka, kubonakala ngathi inani elikhulu losulelo lwe-HIV olusandula ukubikwa kutshanje ngamadoda aselula.
Ngokwedatha exelwe ngo-2022, ulutsha oluneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-24 lumalunga ne-12% yazo zonke izifo ezibangelwa yi-HIV. Kulaba, ama-92% ngabafana abaselula, kwaye ama-80% abo axele ukuba abelane ngesondo namadoda ngaphandle kokuzikhusela.
Inani eliphezulu labantu abane-HIV libikwe kwizithili zaseColombo, eGampaha, eKalutara naseKurunegala kumaphondo aseNtshona naseMntla-Ntshona, nakwisithili saseGalle kwiphondo laseMzantsi. Abantu abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba bane-virus emva kwexesha elide. Ngelo xesha, inani labo le-CD4 (inani leeseli zomzimba) liphantsi kakhulu. Oku kubonisa ukuba abakhange basebenzise uvavanyo lwesifo kwangethuba.
Kutheni ubudlelwane bamadoda athandana nabantu besini esinye bubangela umngcipheko omkhulu wokusasazwa kwe-HIV?
Izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zinegalelo ekwandeni komngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV phakathi kwamadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda (MSM) :
1. Umngcipheko Webhayoloji: Ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngempundu, izicubu ezithambileyo kwimpundu zinokulimala okanye zikrwelwe lula, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba intsholongwane ekwiziselo zesondo ingene emzimbeni ngqo ngegazi.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kweekhondom okuphantsi: Njengoko kubonisiwe zizifundo ezahlukeneyo, linani elincinci kakhulu (malunga ne-18%) labantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo abaye basebenzisa iikhondom ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo lokugqibela.
3. Ibala Elibi Entlalweni: Ngenxa yokoyika ibala elibi entlalweni kunye nemida yezomthetho, abantu abaninzi bayayifihla imvelaphi yabo yesondo. Oku kubenza bangafuni ukuya kwiikliniki zempilo baye kuvavanywa i-HIV.
🚨 Iiflegi ezibomvu ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo
Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokubonakala phakathi kweeveki ezi-2 nezi-6 emva kokuba intsholongwane ye-HIV ingene emzimbeni (ngexesha lokugula kwe-seroconversion), kwaye ukuba ezi mpawu zivela emva kokudibana okunjalo okungathandabuzekiyo, kufuneka uye ekliniki ngoko nangoko:
- Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo kunye nokubila kakhulu ebusuku.
- Ukulahlekelwa bubunzima bomzimba ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifutshane ngaphandle kwesizathu (Ukulahlekelwa bubunzima obungachazwanga).
- Ukudumba kwe-lymph nodes entanyeni, emakhwapheni, okanye emqolo kangangeeveki eziliqela.
- Urhudo oluhlala ixesha elide kunye nezilonda zomlomo ezingapholiyo okanye usulelo lwefungus.
Ungayithintela njani intsholongwane kaGawulayo? (Ukuthintela)
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba umngcipheko wokufumana i-HIV unokupheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngokulandela imikhwa emihle yempilo:
- Ukusetyenziswa kweekhondom ngokuchanekileyo: Ukusetyenziswa kweekhondom zokulawula ukukhulelwa ngokuchanekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha xa usabelana ngesondo kunokuthintela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV ngaphezulu kwama-90%.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -pre-exposure prophylaxis . Eli yeza, elithathwa imihla ngemihla ngabantu abasengozini enkulu yokosulelwa yi-HIV, lithintela umngcipheko wokosulelwa yintsholongwane malunga ne-99%.
- Vavanywa rhoqo: Nabani na obandakanyeka ngokwesondo kufuneka avavanyelwe i-HIV ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Okwangoku, ama-86% abo bosulelweyo eSri Lanka bayazi ukuba banayo le ntsholongwane, kwaye i-UNAIDS (iNkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwi-AIDS) ijolise ekunyuseni oku kuye kuma-95%.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Ukuba kwenzeka isondo esingakhuselekanga, olu nyango lungxamisekileyo, oluthathwa kwiiyure ezingama-72, lunokuthintela ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane emzimbeni.
Unyango: Ukuphila Usempilweni Une-HIV
Nangona i-HIV yayithathwa njengesifo esibulalayo kwixesha elidlulileyo, unyango lwanamhlanje luye lwavumela izigulana ukuba ziphile ixesha elide njengomntu ophilileyo oqhelekileyo.
Unyango oluphambili yi -ART (Unyango lwe-Antiretroviral) . La mayeza alawula ngokupheleleyo ukwanda kwentsholongwane emzimbeni.
Malunga nama-80% abantu abaphila ne-HIV eSri Lanka ngoku bafumana i-ART, kwaye ama-87% abo ane-viral loads ezingafumanekiyo. Xa i-viral load ilawulwa ukuya kwinqanaba elingafumanekiyo nakwi-blood test (Undetectable = Untransmittable), umngcipheko wokudlulisela i-virus komnye umntu wehla uye kwi-zero (0%).
Izinto ekufuneka zenziwe nezo kufuneka zingayenzi
| ✔️ Izinto onokuzenza (Zenze) | ❌ Izinto ongazifuniyo |
|---|---|
| Ukuba ungumntu osebenza ngokwesondo, yiya kwikliniki karhulumente yesondo okanye kwikliniki yabucala ethembekileyo uze ufumane uvavanyo lwe-HIV oluyimfihlo. | Nokuba iimpawu zibonakala, musa ukufihla isigulo sakho ngokungayi kwiikliniki zonyango ngenxa yokoyika izimvo zoluntu. |
| Ukuba ukwiqela elinomngcipheko ophezulu, sebenzisa i-PrEP yonke imihla njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele. | Kuphephe ukwabelana ngeesirinji (oku kuqhelekile phakathi kwabasebenzisi beziyobisi). |
| Ukuba une-HIV, thatha amayeza e-ART owanikwe ngugqirha wakho yonke imihla ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo ngaphandle kokulitsiba. | Musa ukubajonga abantu abane-HIV ngentiyo okanye ngocalucalulo. |
❓ Eminye imibuzo onokuba nayo (FAQ)
Ndingazifumana phi iimvavanyo ze-HIV zasimahla eSri Lanka? ▼
Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lunokwenziwa nakweyiphi na ikliniki karhulumente ye-STD kulo lonke elasesiqithini, simahla, ngasese.
Ngaba ukusebenzisa i-PrEP kunokuthintela ezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI) ?
Hayi, i-PrEP ithintela kuphela ukosuleleka yi-HIV. Iikhondom mazisetyenziswe ukukhusela ezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo, ezifana ne-syphilis, i-gonorrhea, okanye i-herpes.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukosulelwa yi-HIV ngumama ukuya kumntwana wakhe? ▼
Ewe, ngokubonelela umama ngonyango olufanelekileyo lwe-ART ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye namayeza akhethekileyo anikwa umntwana emva kokubeleka, umngcipheko wokosulelwa yintsholongwane ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana unokwehliswa ube ngaphantsi kwe-1%.
Ngaba i-ART ingayinyanga ngokupheleleyo i-HIV emzimbeni ?
Hayi, okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-HIV ehlabathini. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza e-ART angayigcina intsholongwane ingasebenzi emzimbeni aze avumele abantu ukuba baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobunempilo.
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