Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okanye kumhlobo oye wafunyaniswa enomhlaza webele? Ukuba akunjalo, ungaziva usoyika okanye unomdla xa uthetha ngawo. Yintoni kanye kanye umhlaza webele ? Ngubani owufumanayo? Ingakanani ingozi? Masithethe ngayo yonke le nto ngendlela elula neyobuhlobo namhlanje. Ukwazi ezi zinto kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakubantu obathandayo.
Oogqirha bawuhlula njani umhlaza webele?
Umhlaza webele awufani. Oogqirha bawuhlulahlula ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Bawuhlulahlula ngokusekwe kwindawo apho umhlaza uqala khona esifubeni, zeziphi ii-receptors zeeseli zomhlaza, kunye nendlela umhlaza osasazeke ngayo. Olu hlu lumisela unyango kwaye lunika umbono wamathuba okuphila.
Ngamafutshane, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Ayihlaseli (inendawo enye kuphela): Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza awukasasazeki ngaphaya kwendawo oqale kuyo. Cinga ngawo njengokhula. Uhlala kwindawo enye kuphela. Umzekelo omhle woku yi- 'Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS).' Apha, iiseli zomhlaza zingaphakathi kwimibhobho yobisi kuphela.
2. Umhlaza ohlaselayo: Oku kwenzeka xa umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwemibhobho yobisi okanye amadlala avelisa ubisi (ii-lobules) apho waqala khona, uye kwezinye iindawo zebele okanye kwii-lymph nodes ezikwikhwapha. Uninzi lomhlaza wamabele luwela kolu didi.
Ukongeza, zikwahlulwa ngokwee-receptors ezikhoyo kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ezi receptors zizinto ezichaphazela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Hormone Receptor-Positive | Ezi seli zomhlaza zikhula ngenxa ye-hormones i-estrogen okanye i-progesterone. Ezimbini kwezintathu zomhlaza wamabele zezo hlobo. |
| I-HER2-Positive | Ezi seli zomhlaza zikhula ngokukhawuleza xa umzimba uvelisa iproteni eninzi ebizwa ngokuba yiHER2. Malunga nama-20% omhlaza alolu hlobo. |
| I-Triple-Negative | Ezi cancer azichaphazeleki ziihormone okanye yiproteni yeHER2. Ziluhlobo olusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunzima ukunyanga. Malunga ne-15% yamatyala alolu hlobo. |
Ezinye iintlobo ezinqabileyo
- Umhlaza webele ovuvukalayo: Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga olusasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Ibele liba bomvu lize lidumbe.
- Isifo se-Paget se-nipple: Uhlobo lomhlaza oluvela kwi-nipple.
- I-Angiosarcoma: Iqala kwiiseli zemithambo yegazi.
- Umhlaza Webele Owahlukileyo: Oku kwenzeka xa iiseli zomhlaza ziphuma esifubeni zize zihambe ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (ngokuqhelekileyo amathambo, ingqondo, imiphunga, okanye isibindi) ukuze zenze iithumba ezintsha.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza webele?
Ezinye izinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza webele. Ezinye zezi zinto sinokuzilawula, ezinye asinakukwazi.
Kodwa khumbula oku: Ukuba nezi zinto zinobungozi akuthethi ukuba uza kufumana umhlaza. Kunokwenzeka nokuba umntu ongenazo ezi zinto zinobungozi abe nomhlaza. Kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi zinto ukuze sikwazi ukugxila kwizinto esinokuzilawula.
Nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko :
- Ubudala: Abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 basengozini enkulu.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba nesalamane esisondeleyo, njengomama, udadewenu, okanye intombi, esinomhlaza webele.
- Imbali yakho: Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza kwelinye ibele, usengozini yokuba nawo nakwelinye ibele.
- Ukuya exesheni: Ukuqala kokuya exesheni ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka eli-12 okanye ukuqala kokuya exesheni emva kweminyaka engama-55.
- Ukuba nabantwana: Ukuba nomntwana wakho wokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-30, ukungabi nabantwana, okanye ukungabancancisi abantwana bakho.
- Unyango lwemitha ngaphambili: Ndifumene unyango lwemitha ngaphambili kwindawo yesifuba.
- Indlela yokuphila: Ukutyeba kakhulu, ukusela utywala, kunye nokusebenzisa ixesha elide ezinye iindlela zonyango lweehomoni kunye neepilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa.
Ungawubona njani umhlaza kwangethuba?
I-MammogramYi-X-reyi yamabele. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa umhlaza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu. Okukhona ufunyanwa kwangethuba, kokukhona amathuba okuba uphile ngokupheleleyo ngonyango ayanda.
Ukuba kukho indawo ekrokrisayo kwi-mammogram, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-MRI, i-ultrasound scan, kunye ne -biopsy (ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lethishu ukuze lihlolwe) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngumhlaza na, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani.
Imibutho eyahlukeneyo yezempilo kwihlabathi liphela yenza iingcebiso ezahlukeneyo malunga nobudala kunye nokuphindaphindwa kwe-mammograms. Ingcebiso ngokubanzi kukuba uqale emva kweminyaka engama-40. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neshedyuli yokuhlolwa efanelekileyo kuwe.
Anjani amathuba onyango kunye nokuchacha?
Abantu abaninzi bayasinda kumhlaza wamabele namhlanje kunangaphambili, ngenxa yokufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango oluphuculweyo.
- Ukuba umhlaza awukasasazekanga ngaphandle kwebele, amathuba okusinda iminyaka emi-5 aphezulu njenge- 99% .
- Ukuba isasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane, amathuba okuba i-lymph node ibe malunga ne- 86% .
- Ukuba isasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba (i-metastatic) , amathuba angama- 29% . Kodwa nakule meko, abanye abantu baphila iminyaka emininzi.
Khumbula, ezi zizibalo nje ezisekelwe kwidatha evela kwiqela elikhulu labantu. Amathuba akho okusinda aya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaza wakho, impilo yakho, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika la manani.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza onalo, ubungakanani bethumba, kunye nemiphumo yeehomoni.
- Unyango lwesintu: Utyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy zisasetyenziswa kakhulu.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kubantu: Olu lolona nyango lutsha nolusebenzayo. Lusebenza ngokujolisa kwiiseli zomhlaza kuphela.
- Unyango lweehomoni: Amayeza afana ne-'Tamoxifen' anikwa abantu abanomhlaza abaxhomekeke kwiihomoni.
- Amayeza e-HER2: Kwimidlaza ene-HER2, amayeza afana neTrastuzumab (Herceptin) athintela iproteni ye-HER2 kwaye ayeke ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Amayeza afana ne-``Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)`` anceda amajoni ethu omzimba ukuba alwe neeseli zomhlaza.
- Ii-PARP Inhibitors: Amayeza afana ne-`Olaparib (Lynparza)` asetyenziswa kumhlaza one-`BRCA` gene mutations.
Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lwemfuza kunye nolunye uvavanyo ukuze afumanise unyango olufanelekileyo noluphumeleleyo kuwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukoyika umhlaza webele, funda kakuhle ngawo. Ukuwufumanisa kwangethuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusinda.
- Qaphela imbali yosapho lwakho. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na into ebangela umngcipheko, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, ukulawula ubunzima, ukunciphisa utywala) kunokunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Ukuba ungumfazi oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 ubudala, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho malunga nokwenza i-mammogram.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emabeleni akho (iqhuma, utshintsho lolusu, ukuphuma kwamanzi kwingono), funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Kukho unyango oluphambili kakhulu noluphumelelayo lomhlaza webele namhlanje, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna unyango olufanelekileyo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uchaphazelekile yile meko, ungathandabuzi ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango kunye nenkxaso yengqondo (usapho, abahlobo, iinkonzo zokunika iingcebiso).
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