Xa unomhlaza, ufumene unyango olunzima, kwaye ngoku ucinga ukuba yonke into iphelile, ukuba yonke into ilungile... mhlawumbi akukho nto ibuhlungu ngaphezu kokufumanisa ukuba umhlaza ofanayo ubuyile. Lo ngumceli mngeni ongenakucingelwa ngabantu abaninzi abajongene nawo. Ngoko ke, kuthetha ukuthini ukuba umhlaza ubuye, okanye 'uphinde'? Kutheni usenzeka? Yintoni ekufuneka siyazi kwimeko enjalo? Masiqonde konke oku ngokulula, ngokungathi sithetha nomhlobo osenyongweni.
Ngamafutshane, kuthetha ukuthini ukuphinda umhlaza?
Ukuphinda umhlaza ube nomhlaza kwakhona kuxa umhlaza owawunawo ngaphambili ubuya emva kokuba unyangiwe. Oku kungenzeka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa okanye kwiminyaka emva konyango.
Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokukuxelela ukuba 'ukwimeko yokuxolelwa' . Oku kuthetha ukuba awunazo iimpawu zomhlaza kwaye akukho ziseli zomhlaza ezinokufunyanwa kwiimvavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba imeko iphelile, umhlaza usenokubuya.
Kodwa khumbula, ukuphinda umhlaza akuthethi ukuba kuphelile. Ngenxa yonyango oluphambili lwanamhlanje, abantu abaninzi baye bakwazi ukulawula ukuphinda kwawo kwaye baphila kakuhle iminyaka.
Ziziphi iindlela umhlaza onokubuya ngazo kwakhona?
Oogqirha bahlulahlula iindlela umhlaza obuyela ngazo, ngokusekwe apho uvela khona. Unokwenzeka ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lokulungisa umphezulu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphinda-phinda Kwendawo | Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza ubuya kwindawo efanayo naleyo wawuyiyo ngaphambili okanye kufutshane nayo . Umzekelo, emva kotyando lokususa umhlaza weprostate, iiseli zomhlaza zinokukhula kwakhona kwindawo efanayo apho zisuswe khona. |
| Ukuphinda-phinda kweNgingqi | Kulapho umhlaza ubuyela khona kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes okanye kwizicubu ezikufutshane nalapho wawukhona ngaphambili. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, umzekelo, iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza webele (umhlaza webele one-triple negative), zinokuphinda zibuye ngale ndlela. |
| Ukuphinda-phinda okude | Kulapho umhlaza usasazeka uye kwelinye ilungu okanye kwizicubu ezikude kakhulu nalapho wafunyanwa khona okokuqala. Umzekelo, umntu onomhlaza wemiphunga usenokuba nomhlaza ofanayo usasazeka uye engqondweni uze uphinde ubuye. |
Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokuthi ziphinde zibuye?
Enyanisweni, naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza lunokuphinda lubuye. Ke ngoko, akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngumhlaza wemiphunga kuphela ophinda ubuye. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokuphinda zibuye. Ezi ziquka:
- Umhlaza wesibeleko
- Umhlaza wolusu oye wasasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngexesha lokuxilongwa (iMetastatic melanoma)
- I-Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), uhlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba la manani ziipesenti nje eziqikelelweyo , nokuba loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza obenalo. Lo mngcipheko uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, njengohlobo lomhlaza obenalo, inqanaba owawukulo xa wawuqala ukufunyanwa, kunye nonyango lokuqala owalufumanayo. Ke ngoko, ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokukunika ulwazi olungcono malunga noku.
Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza ezibuyayo?
Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zomhlaza ezibuyayo zinokufana nezezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba unikele ingqalelo emzimbeni wakho emva konyango. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neempawu onokuzifumana ukuba uhlobo lwakho lomhlaza lubuya. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zingezantsi, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
| Iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele |
|---|
| - Iimpawu ezifanayo ezazikho xa umhlaza wawuqala ukubonakala ziyavela kwakhona (umzekelo, kuvela iqhuma elitsha okanye ithumba apho umhlaza wawukhona) |
| - Intlungu engapheliyo engapheziyo. |
| - Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo okungapholiyo. |
| - Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| - Ukugruzuka ngaphezu kwesiqhelo okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga. |
| - Umkhuhlane onganciphiyo. |
| - Intloko ebuhlungu rhoqo. |
| - Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea). |
| - Ukopha ngenxa yendle okanye umchamo . |
| - Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza . |
| - Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia). |
Kutheni umhlaza uphinde ubuye?
Kunzima ukuyiqonda le nto. Cinga ngeeseli zomhlaza njengeentshaba ezifihlakeleyo. Unyango esilunikayo (njengotyando, i-chemotherapy, i-radiation) lutshabalalisa zonke iiseli zomhlaza esinokuzibona nesizifumanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, iiseli ezimbalwa zomhlaza ezincinci kakhulu nezingabonakaliyo zinokuhlala ndaweni ithile emzimbeni. Umzekelo, xa ithumba lomhlaza lisuswa ngexesha lotyando, kusenokuba kukho iiseli ezimbalwa ezishiyekileyo ezikufutshane nalo ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni kwaye kunzima ukuzibona, nokuba ziphantsi kwemakroskopu.
Ezi seli ziseleyo, ezihlala zingasebenzi ixesha elithile, ziqala ukukhula kwakhona emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka. Kulapho sithi umhlaza uphinde wavela.
Uyibona njani i-cancer ephinde yavela?
Ukuze bafumanise ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na, oogqirha basebenzisa iintlobo ezifanayo zovavanyo ezazisetyenziswa ukufumanisa umhlaza kwasekuqaleni.
Uvavanyo lwegazi
- Inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC): Oku kulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho. Oku kunokukunika umbono othile ngempilo yakho iyonke kunye nokuba umhlaza ubuyile na.
- Uvavanyo lweTumor Marker: Olu vavanyo lukhangela izinto ezithile (ii-tumor markers) egazini eziveliswa ziiseli zomhlaza okanye ezinye iiseli emzimbeni ngenxa yomhlaza. Ukuba la manqanaba ayanda, isenokuba luphawu lokuba umhlaza ubuyile.
- I-Liquid Biopsy: Le yindlela entsha. Uvavanyo olujonga iziqwenga zeeseli zomhlaza okanye i-DNA yomhlaza eqokelelene egazini lakho.
Uvavanyo lokuFanekisa
- I-Computed Tomography (CT) scan: Oku kuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba kukho naziphi na iithumba ezintsha ezinomhlaza, ukuba zikhulu kangakanani, kwaye ziphi na.
- I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yangaphakathi lomzimba. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni iithumba kwiindawo ezifana nobuchopho kunye nomqolo.
- Iskeni yePositron Emission Tomography (PET): Oku kuquka ukufaka uhlobo oluthile lweswekile emzimbeni. Iiseli zomhlaza zifunxa le swekile ngokukhawuleza kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke iskeni sinokubona ngokulula iindawo zomhlaza.
Iibhayoloji
Uvavanyo olubalulekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na kukuhlolwa ngebhayoloji. Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kwindawo ekrokrisayo size silihlole phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza ophinda ubuye?
Unyango lomhlaza obuyileyo luyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Ugqirha wakho angagqiba ekubeni enze izinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukuphinda unyango olufanayo (umz. i-chemotherapy) njengolokuqala.
- Ukususwa ngotyando kwezimila ezisandula ukwakheka ezinomhlaza.
- Ukusebenzisa amayeza ahlukeneyo e-chemotherapy okanye indibaniselwano yamayeza.
- Ukuzama uhlobo olwahlukileyo lonyango, olufana nonyango olujoliswe kulo okanye unyango lwe-immunotherapy.
Xa sithatha isigqibo malunga nonyango, siqwalasela nezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Uhlobo lomhlaza onalo: Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezifanayo.
- Xa umhlaza ubuyile: Ukuba umhlaza ubuyile emva nje konyango, kunokuba nzima ukunyanga.
- Apho umhlaza ubuyile khona: Ukunyanga umhlaza obuyileyo kwindawo efanayo naleyo wawuyiyo ekuqaleni kunokuba lula kunokunyanga umhlaza osasazeke kwilungu elikude.
- Imeko yakho yempilo iyonke:Umzimba wakho kufuneka ube namandla ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukwazi ukumelana nemiphumo emibi yonyango olutsha.
Kunye nolu nyango, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela unyango lokudambisa iintlungu . Oku akubhekiselele ekunyangeni umhlaza, kodwa malunga nokulawula iimpawu ezifana neentlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokudinwa okubangelwa ngumhlaza, kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango, kunye nokukunceda uhlale ukhululekile kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukuphila nomhlaza ophinda ubuye
Kufana nenkumbulo endala ebuyayo ize ikukhathaze. Emva kokulwa nomhlaza kube kanye uze ucinge ukuba uphumelele, kuya kufuneka uqale idabi elifanayo kwakhona. Kuqhelekile ukuziva udanile, usoyika, kwaye ungenathemba ngeli xesha. Ezo mvakalelo ziyinyani, kwaye zibalulekile.
Wakuba nje ufumanise ukuba umhlaza wakho ubuyile, zinike ixesha lokucinga ngawo kwaye uqonde imeko. Emva koko, qala ukucinga ngento onokuyenza ukuze uphile nawo kakuhle kangangoko unako.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo nokunesondlo. Kungcono ukufuna uncedo kwingcali yesondlo ukuze wenze isicwangciso sokutya esifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Yenza umthambo. Nokuba yinto elula njengokuhamba inokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokwandisa amandla omzimba. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naluphi na uhlobo lomthambo.
- Ukuba utshaya okanye usela utywala, zama ukuyeka ukwenza ezo zinto.
- Lala kakuhle. Ukuphumla kubalulekile emzimbeni.
Ndingasithatha njani isigqibo sokuba ndifuna ukufumana unyango kwakhona okanye andifuni?
Esi asisosigqibo silula. Nazi ezinye iindlela ezinokukunceda ngexesha elinje:
1. Qonda iindlela zonyango lwakho kunye nemiphumo yazo: Thetha nogqirha wakho we-oncologist kunye neqela lezonyango. Buza nayiphi na imibuzo ofuna ukuyazi.
2. Thetha nosapho lwakho kunye nabantu obathandayo ngale nto: Inkxaso yabo iya kukuqinisa nakwesiphi na isigqibo osenzayo.
3. Cinga ngokufumana uluvo lwesibini komnye uchwephesha: Kusenokubakho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikulungeleyo kwesinye isibhedlele.
4. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungakwazi na ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi: Ezi zizifundo eziphanda ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango olutsha.
Ekugqibeleni, isigqibo sokufuna unyango okanye ukungalufuni sesakho. Ugqirha wakho, usapho lwakho, kunye nabo bonke abanye abantu kufuneka baqwalasele izimvo zakho, kodwa isigqibo sokugqibela sesakho. Wonke umntu unyanzelekile ukuba asihloniphe eso sigqibo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukubuyela kwakhona komhlaza kukubuyela kwakhona komhlaza ofanayo emva konyango.
- Oku kungaba kwindawo enye apho umhlaza wawukhona ngaphambili (wasekuhlaleni), kufutshane (wengingqi), okanye kude (kude) emzimbeni.
- Khangela iimpawu ezifana nokwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, iintlungu ezingapheliyo okanye ukukhwehlela, kunye namaqhuma amatsha. Ukuba unenkxalabo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Kukho iindlela zonyango lomhlaza obuye wavela. Musa ukuphelelwa lithemba.
- Isigqibo sokufuna unyango okanye ukungalufuni sesakho. Fumana lonke ulwazi oludingayo, thetha nabahlobo bakho, kwaye wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Musa ukuhamba wedwa kolu hambo. Fumana inkxaso kwiqela lakho lezonyango, kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo.
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