Ngaba kukho ingxaki kwindlela yakho yokuzikhusela yemithambo-luvo? Masifunde ngeSifo Sokususa I-myelin!

Inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ifana nenkqubo entsonkothileyo yeengcingo. Kungale ngcingo apho imiyalezo isuka engqondweni yethu iye kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba. Ngoko ke ezi 'ngcingo', oko kukuthi, iiseli zemithambo-luvo `(iiNeuron), zine 'sheath' encinci yokuzikhusela. Siyibiza ngokuba yi '(iMyelin) . Oku kufana nesheath yeplastiki ephezu kwentambo yombane. Le sheath ye '(iMyelin)' yiyo ekhusela iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwaye ivumela imiyalezo yombane ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza kuyo. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba kukho into eyonakeleyo kule sheath ye '(iMyelin)', imiyalezo edlula kwimithambo-luvo yethu iyaphazamiseka, njengentambo enesheath yeplastiki ephukileyo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi '(iSifo sokuSusa iMyelinating)' .

Yintoni iDemyelinating Disease?

Ngamafutshane, isifo sokususa imyelin sisifo esonakalisa i-myelin engqondweni yakho, emgogodleni, nakwimithambo-luvo . Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, i-myelin sisigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esijikeleze ii-neurons kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ephakathi kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo engaphandle. Esi sigqubuthelo se-myelin siqinisa, sikhusela, kwaye sikhusela iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa ikwanceda ii-electrical impulses ukuba zihambe phakathi kweeseli.

Ngoko ke, ukuba unesifo esisusa imyelin emzimbeni, nantsi into eyenzekayo: inkqubo yakho yomzimba ihlasela ngempazamo le sheath yemyelin, okanye iiseli ezenza imyelin. Cinga ngayo njengenkqubo yethu yomzimba, efana nenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba, ihlasela abantu bayo. Oku kutshintsha indlela imithambo-luvo enxibelelana ngayo, indlela esebenza ngayo, kwaye iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ziqala ukubonakala.

Ziziphi iintlobo zezifo ezisusa imyelin?

Ezi zifo ezisusa imyelin zingavela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Zingahlulwahlulwa njengezo zichaphazela kakhulu inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo (oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo) kunye nezo zichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo engaphandle (oko kukuthi, eminye imithambo-luvo ephuma engqondweni kunye nomqolo).

Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezisusa imyelin ezichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous central:

• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Esi sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo solu hlobo abantu abaninzi abasivileyo.
• I-Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)
• I-Transverse Myelitis (TM)
• I-Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
• I-Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
• I-Central Pontine Myelinolysis (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome)

Izifo eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukususwa kwe-myelin ezichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous peripheral:

• Isifo sikaGuillain-Barré (GBS)
• Isifo seCharcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT)
• I-Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)

"Xa usithi `Isifo Sokunciphisa I-myelin`, ngaba oko kuthetha `(MS)`?"

Hayi, akunjalo. Kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi eziwela kudidi lweZifo eziSusa imyelini. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe afana noMntla Melika, i-MS yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi.

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi zifo?

I-Multiple Sclerosis yenye yezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ezisusa imyelin. Uphononongo luka-2019 lufumanise ukuba phantse isigidi sabantu eMelika kuphela baphila ne-MS. Kukho abantu abanale sifo eSri Lanka, kodwa kunzima ukufumana iinkcukacha-manani ezichanekileyo ngayo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo esisusa imyelin?

Iimpawu zezi zifo zinokwahluka kakhulu, kwaye ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo esisusa imyelin esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi:

• Utshintsho embonweni: Ukubona okufipheleyo, ukungakwazi ukwahlula imibala (ingakumbi ebomvu neluhlaza), intlungu xa ushukumisa amehlo, okanye ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye (ukubona kabini).
• Ukuziva ndindisholo okanye ndilahlekelwa zimvakalelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Njengokungathi kukho umntu oye wavala iingalo okanye imilenze yakho.
• Imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'MS hug': Ithetha ukuziva ngathi kukho umntu okubambe nkqi, nokuba ujikeleze isifuba sakho okanye isisu sakho.
• Ukudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu, udiniwe nje.
• Iingxaki zomchamo namathumbu: Ubunzima bokuchama, okanye umnqweno wokuchama ngequbuliso (oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uhambe ngokukhawuleza xa kufuneka uye), ukuqhina, njl.
• Xa ugoba intamo yakho phambili, uziva urhawuzelelwa ngumbane ohamba emqolo, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba. Imilenze iyabhideka, ibhalansi ibonakala ilahlekile.
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukuqina kwemisipha.

Usenokuba nenye yezi mpawu, okanye usenokuba neempawu ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Kwakhona, ubukhali bezi mpawu buyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.Oko kuthetha ukuba, ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zinokuba mandundu kancinci (zivakale zinamandla ngakumbi), zize ziphele okwethutyana.

Zithini izizathu zeSifo sokuSusa imyelini?

Eyona nto ibangela ezi zifo kukonakala kwe-myelin kunye neeseli ezenza i-myelin. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, lo monakalo uyenzeka kuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela ngempazamo i-myelin esempilweni. Ngokwesiqhelo, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ikhusela umzimba kwizinto ezibangela izifo ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphandle kwemiyalelo efanelekileyo, le nkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ibona ngempazamo iiseli zethu ze-myelin njengeziyingozi emzimbeni. Xa oko kusenzeka, ukudumba kwenzeka kwezo ndawo, okubangela iimpawu zesifo esisusa i-myelin.

Ezinye izinto ezininzi zinokubangela uphuhliso lwesifo sokususa imyelin:

• Ngenxa yosulelo lwentsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane .
• Utshintsho oluthile kwi-DNA yakho oluyandisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba ( i-genetic predisposition ).
• Ngenxa yezinye iimeko zonyango, ezinje ngokunqongophala kweevithamini .

Ngamanye amaxesha, unobangela othile wezi zifo awufumaneki . Uphando olongezelelekileyo luyaqhubeka ngale nto.

Isifo Sokususa Imyelin (Demyelinating Disease) sifunyanwa njani?

Ukuba unale mpawu, kufuneka uqale ubonane nogqirha. Uza kumamela iimpawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Uza kuthatha nembali epheleleyo yezonyango. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unesifo esisusa imyelin, ungathunyelwa kwingcali yezifo zengqondo . Ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngugqirha oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kwizifo zenkqubo yeemvakalelo.

Ingcali yezifo zengqondo iza kwenza uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-odole uvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Akukho vavanyo lunye lokuxilonga i-demyelination. Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo ukuze aqinisekise ukuba akukho ezinye iimeko ezineempawu ezifanayo aze afumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo:

• Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho kunye nomqolo.
• Ukubhaqwa Kweempundu okanye Ukutsalwa Kweempundu: Oku kuquka ukuthatha ulwelo oluncinci lwe-cerebrospinal kwi-spinal cord uze uluhlolisise.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Le ihlola i-optic nerve.
• I-Electromyography (EMG):Oku kulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wemisipha kunye nemithambo-luvo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Susa ezinye iimeko zempilo kwaye ujonge amanqanaba athile eevithamini.
• Uvavanyo lweeNgcali eziVuselelweyo: Lulinganisa isantya esihamba ngaso imiqondiso yombane kwiimithambo-luvo.

Isifo Sokususa Imyelin sifunyanwa njani nge-MRI?

I-MRI luvavanyo olusebenzisa imagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukwenza imifanekiso yengqondo yakho kunye nomqolo. Oku kunika ugqirha wakho umfanekiso ongcono wento eyenzekayo ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba unesifo sokususa imyelin, i-MRI scan ingabonisa iindawo zomonakalo (ezibizwa ngokuba zizilonda) engqondweni yakho nakwimqolo.

Isifo Sokususa Imyelin sinyangwa njani?

Unyango lwesifo esisusa imyelin luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo onaso . Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenza nawe ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwesifo. Iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:

• Amayeza: Amayeza anciphisa ukusebenza kwesifo, alawula iimpawu, okanye atshintsha ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Unyango Lomzimba Nonyango Lomsebenzi: Ukunceda ngezinto ezifana nobunzima bokuhamba, ubuthathaka bemisipha, kwaye kukunceda wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokulula.

Ugqirha wakho uza kumisela isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nemeko yakho. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango, funda ngemiphumo emibi kunye noko ungakulindela . Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha okanye uba mandundu emva kokuqala unyango, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zakho ziya kuba ngcono.

Iyintoni imbonakalo/ingxelo-manani yezi zifo?

Imbono iyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke ekubeni sisiphi isifo esisusa imyelin esibangela iimpawu zakho. Ezi zifo zinokuchaphazela iinkalo ezininzi zobomi bakho, kuquka indlela ocinga ngayo, oshukuma ngayo, noziva ngayo. Umzekelo, unokuba nobunzima bokuhamba okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Abanye abantu banokufuna uncedo kumalungu osapho ukuze bahlale kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

Kwabanye abantu, iimpawu zincinci kakhulu kwaye azinaziphumo zexesha elide . Kwabanye, iimpawu zinzima kwaye zinempembelelo enkulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla . Imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile. Akukho nyango lwezi meko , kodwa ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho ubomi bakho bonke.

Ngaba Ukususa I-myelin kwiSifo Kutshintsha Ulindelo Lobomi?

Isifo Sokususa Imyelo Yam (Demyelinating Disease) sinokuchaphazela ubomi bakho, kodwa uninzi lwezifo aluchaphazeli ngokuthe ngqo ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani . Ngokubanzi, ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ubomi bomntu onesifo sokususa imyelo yam (demyelinating disease) bunokuba bufutshane ngeminyaka embalwa kunomntu ongenaso esi sifo. Kodwa oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni umonakalo owenziwe kwiiseli zakho zemithambo-luvo ungakanani. Kuyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ugqirha wakho angawuphendula ngcono lo mbuzo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho ethile.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zesifo esisusa imyelin, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Utshintsho lombono
• Ubungqindilili okanye ukulahleka kwemvakalelo
• Umsebenzi onzima
• Iingxaki zokuchama okanye zokukhupha indle
• Ubunzima bokuhamba
• Ukuqina kwemisipha okanye ubuthathaka

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba unesifo esisusa imyelin, unokuba nemibuzo emininzi. Musa ukuthandabuza ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Loluphi uhlobo lwesifo esisusa imyelin endinaso?
• Ngaba esi sifo siya kuba sibi (oko kukuthi, ngaba siza `kuqhubeka`)?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucetyiswayo?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Injani imeko yam yokuqikelela ukuba ndiza kuphinda ndibe nesifo?

I-Myelin yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wakho. Ikhusela iiseli zakho zemithambo-luvo kwaye izigcina zisebenza kakuhle. Ukuba yonakele, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana neentlungu, ubunzima bokuhamba, kunye nobunzima bokucinga ngokucacileyo. Ugqirha unokuxilonga aze anyange imeko ebangela ukuba ungabi namyelin ekuchaphazelayo. Ekubeni kungekho nyango lwezi zifo, kuya kufuneka ulawule iimpawu zakho ubomi bakho bonke ngoncedo lweqela lakho lezonyango. Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemeko yakho, iindlela zonyango, iimpawu ezintsha, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, iDemyelinating Disease yimeko eyenzeka xa i-myelin sheath kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo yonakele. Oku kunokuvakala kusoyikisa, kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Iimpawu zinokuhluka kumntu nomntu, kwaye nempembelelo yesifo inokuba njalo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku, ungazityesheli kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba uqaphela isifo kwangethuba kwaye uqale unyango ngokufanelekileyo, unokulawula kakhulu iimpawu zakho kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobulungileyo. Ugqirha wakho kunye nosapho lwakho baya kuba yinkxaso enkulu kolu hambo.

Isifo Sokususa Imyelin , I-Myelin, Inkqubo Yeemvakalelo, I-Multiple Sclerosis, I-MS, Iimpawu, Unyango