Umbuzo abazali abaninzi abaza nawo kwiikliniki zethu ngowokuba, "Owu, gqirha, xa esela isiselo esinombala okanye esitya iqhekeza lekhekhe elinombala, ubukrwada bakhe buyanda ngokuphindwe kalishumi." Mhlawumbi nawe uvakalelwa ngendlela efanayo ngomntwana wakho. Ngaba ezi dayi zokutya ezenziweyo ziyayichaphazela ngokwenene indlela abantwana abaziphatha ngayo, ingakumbi iimeko ezifana ne-ADHD? Lo ngumbandela obangele ingxoxo eninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangokucacileyo namhlanje.
Okokuqala, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni i-ADHD.
Ngaphambi kokuba singene kweli bali, masiqonde ukuba yintoni i-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). I-ADHD ayikokuziphatha kakubi ngabom komntwana, kwaye ayilotyala lomzali. Yimeko yophuhliso lwemithambo-luvo enxulumene nophuhliso lobuchopho. Abantwana abanale meko banokubonisa iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili:
- Ukungakhathali: Ubunzima bokugxila kumsebenzi omnye. Ukuphazamiseka lula. Ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo nokugqiba imisebenzi ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo.
- Ukungakhathali : Akahlali ndawo. Uhlala eshukuma, ebaleka, etsiba. Unengxaki yokuhlala ethule kwaye esenza umsebenzi.
- Ukungxama: Ukwenza izinto ngaphandle kokucinga. Uphendula imibuzo ngaphambi kokuba igqitywe. Andikwazi kulinda ithuba layo.
Ezi mpawu zinokuchaphazela indlela abaqhuba ngayo esikolweni, ubudlelwane nabahlobo, kunye nobomi bentsapho. Ngoko ke, njengoko abazali bezibuza, ngaba 'umbala' ekutyeni ngunobangela woku?
Ngaba ukupeyinta ukutya ngokwenene kubenza abantwana babe neentloni ngakumbi?
Izazinzulu bezizama ukuphendula lo mbuzo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, kodwa iziphumo beziphikisana. Nangona kunjalo, olunye lwezifundo ezibalulekileyo ngalo mba lwenziwa yi-Arhente yeMigangatho yoKutya yase-UK ngo-2007.
Khawucinge nje, malunga nabantwana abangama-300 bathathe inxaxheba kolu phando. Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweyesi-8 ukuya kweyesi-9 banikwa iintlobo ezintathu zeziselo, emva koko ukuziphatha kwabo kwajongwa ngabazali nootitshala.
Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze ubone ukuba zeziphi ezo ziselo.
| Uhlobo lwesiselo | Isiqulatho |
|---|---|
| Umxube wesiselo 1 | Imibala yokwenziwa (umthubi wokutshona kwelanga, iCarmoisine, iTartrazine, iPonceau 4R) kunye ne-sodium benzoate egcina ulwelo. |
| Umxube wesiselo 2 | Eminye imibala yokwenziwa (umthubi weQuinoline, obomvu weAllura, umthubi weSunset, iCarmoisine) kunye ne-sodium benzoate. |
| Umxube weSela 3 (iPlacebo) | Isiselo esingenazo naziphi na imibala yokwenziwa okanye izithinteli. |
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zinomdla kakhulu. Emva kokusela zombini iintlobo zeziselo ezinemibala yokwenziwa, ukuziphatha okunamandla kakhulu kwanda kubantwana abaneminyaka esi-8 ne-9 ubudala. Nangona ukunamandla kakhulu kwanda kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 ubudala emva kokusela okokuqala, okwesibini akuzange kubonise ukwanda okukhulu kangako.
Ngenxa yezi ziphumo, abaphandi bagqibe kwelokuba kunokubakho unxulumano olubi phakathi kombala wokutya okwenziweyo kunye nokuziphatha okugqithisileyo ebantwaneni.
Ngoko ke ngaba imibala yokutya yimbangela yodwa ye-ADHD?
Kulapho kufuneka siqonde khona ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona uphando olukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla lubonisa ikhonkco, akukho phando lwenzululwazi oluye lwabonisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umbala wokutya ubangela i-ADHD.
I-ADHD yimeko enzima kakhulu, enezinto ezininzi ezibangela loo nto.
- Utshintsho kwisakhiwo sobuchopho kunye nekhemistri: Abantwana abane-ADHD banotshintsho oluthile kumsebenzi kunye nee-neurotransmitters kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho.
- Ilifa: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho one-ADHD, umngcipheko wokuba umntwana abe nale meko uphezulu.
- Izinto Ezichaphazela Indalo: Izinto ezinje ngokutshaya koomama, ukusela utywala , kunye nokuzalwa okunobunzima obuphantsi ngexesha lokukhulelwa nazo zinokuba nefuthe elithile.
Ngamafutshane, ukudaya ukutya yinto enokubangela ukuba iimpawu zomntwana one-ADHD zibe zimbi ngakumbi, kodwa ayisiyonto iphambili ebangela esi sifo.
Ingaba yinyani into yokuba abantwana baba ziingqwabalala xa besitya iswekile?
Le yinto eviwa ngabazali abaninzi, njengebali lokufaka imibala ekutyeni. Mhlawumbi uyazi ngokusuka kumava akho ukuba umntwana wakho uza kuqala ukuxakeka kwangoko nje ukuba atye ukutya okumnandi, itshokolethi, okanye asele isiselo esimnandi.
Kukho ingcaciso yesayensi ngoku. Xa sisitya iswekile (ingakumbi iiswekile ezicutshungulwayo), loo swekile ingena ngokukhawuleza egazini lethu. Oku kubangela ukunyuka ngequbuliso kwe-hormone i-adrenaline emizimbeni yethu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'sugar rush'. Oku kunokwenza umntwana asebenze kakhulu okwethutyana. Emva kwexesha elithile, njengoko inqanaba leswekile egazini lisihla, umsebenzi womntwana nawo uyehla.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha kukuba akukho phando lwenziweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukubonisa ukuba iswekile ibangela i-ADHD. Iswekile inyusa kuphela okwethutyana umsebenzi womntwana.
Ndingenza ntoni njengomzali?
Ngenxa yako konke oku, usenokuba uzibuza, 'Ndingenza ntoni ngoku?' Ungakhathazeki. Kukho izinto ezilula onokuzenza.
1. Funda iilebheli: Ukuba uthengela umntwana wakho into evenkileni, zenze umkhwa wokufunda uluhlu lwezithako ezingasemva kwephakheji. Jonga ukuba ibhalwe na 'Inemibala Evunyiweyo Yokwenziwa'.
2. Nciphisa ukutya okucutshungulweyo: Nciphisa ukutya okucutshungulweyo okunokuthathwa ngumntwana wakho, okufana neziselo ezinemibala, itofi, ijeli, kunye neekeyiki, ezinokuba nemibala yokwenziwa kunye namanqanaba aphezulu eswekile.
3. Nika izinto zendalo kuqala: Endaweni yoko, yongeza izinto zendalo ezifana nokutya okuphekiweyo ekhaya, iziqhamo ezintsha, kunye nemifuno ekutyeni komntwana wakho. Neejusi zeziqhamo zingcono ukuba zenziwe ekhaya.
4. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uloyiko olunzulu malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba une-ADHD, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo . Musa ukugweba umntwana wakho ngokusekelwe koko ukufunde kwi-intanethi okanye okuva kwabanye. Ngugqirha kuphela onokumhlola umntwana wakho ngokufanelekileyo aze anike unyango ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD yimeko enzima enxulumene nophuhliso lobuchopho. Inezizathu ezininzi. Umbala wokutya okanye iswekile yodwa ayibangeli i-ADHD.
- Kukho ubungqina bokuba ezinye iintlobo zokutya ezenziweyo zinokwenza kube mandundu ukuziphatha okubi kwabanye abantwana abane-ADHD okanye abachaphazeleka yiyo.
- Ukutya okuneswekile eninzi kwandisa okwethutyana umsebenzi womntwana, kodwa akubangeli i-ADHD.
- Ukuba uneengxaki okanye uxhalabile malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, ingqalelo yakhe, okanye ukuziphatha kwakhe kakubi, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha ofanelekileyo, kunokuba uqagele.
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