Ngaba nawe uyafuna ukwazi nge-Epstein-Barr Virus? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Ngaba wakha weva nge-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)? Usenokuba unayo, kodwa usenokungazi nokuba uyayiva. Yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo, ingakumbi phakathi kwethu. Uninzi lwexesha iyafika ize idlule ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinkulu. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokweenkcukacha malunga nokuba yintoni le ntsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr, indlela esiyifumana ngayo, zithini iimpawu, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kuyo.

Yintoni i-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?

Ngamafutshane, intsholongwane i-Epstein-Barr sisifo esixhaphakileyo sentsholongwane. Sisasazeka kakhulu ngamathe kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba. Ubusazi ukuba i-EBV lilungu losapho lwe-herpesvirus. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Human Herpesvirus 4".

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwezifo ze-EBV ziyaphela ngaphandle kweempawu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kubantu abaselula kunye nabantu abadala abancinci, zinokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Infectious Mononucleosis." Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-"kissing disease" kuba idluliselwa ngokulula ngamathe.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba xa sele une-EBV virus, ihlala ingasebenzi emzimbeni wakho ubomi bakho bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha le virus ingasebenziyo isenokuphinda ivele, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iimpawu ziphinde zibonakale.

Ngubani ofumana oku rhoqo? Kuxhaphake kangakanani?

Intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr inokuchaphazela nabani na, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni, kubantu abakwishumi elivisayo, nakubantu abadala abaselula.

Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kangangokuba, umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nama-50% abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 kunye nama-95% abantu abadala bakhe bosulelwa yi-EBV ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Oku kuthetha ukuba oku kuqheleke kakhulu kunokuba sicinga. Le meko isenokuba ifana nakwilizwe lethu.

Isasazeka njani intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr?

I-EBV yintsholongwane esulelayo kakhulu. Idluliselwa kakhulu ngamathe. Umzekelo, ukuba usela kwiglasi esetyenziswa ngumntu one-EBV, okanye ukuba uqabula umntu onayo, ungayifumana.

Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze iimpawu zibonakale emva kokuba intsholongwane ingenile emzimbeni, "ixesha lokufukama," lidla ngokuba ziiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu.

Nangona le ntsholongwane isasazeka kakhulu ngamathe, ingadluliselwa nakwezinye izinto eziphuma emzimbeni. Nazi ezinye iindlela enokusasazeka ngazo:

• Ukusuka kumathontsi amathe akhutshwa xa ukhohlela kwaye uthimla.
• Ngokuqabula.
• Ngokwabelana ngesondo (ngegazi kunye nesidoda).
• Ngokwabelana ngezinto ezifana nebrashi yamazinyo, izitya zokutya, kunye nezinto zokusela.
• Ngokuchukumisa ithoyizi efakwe ngumntwana omncinci emlonyeni wakhe kwaye imdaka ngamathe.

Nokuba wosulelwe yi-EBV kwaye awunazo iimpawu, usenokudlulisela intsholongwane komnye umntu. Yiyo loo nto ibangela umngcipheko. Intsholongwane ihlala emzimbeni, kwaye ezinye izinto zinokubangela ukuba "iphinde isebenze". Loo mntu unokuba neempawu, okanye angasasaza intsholongwane kwabanye nokuba akanazo iimpawu. Izinto ezinokubangela oku ziquka:

• Uxinzelelo oluqatha lwengqondo.
• Ubuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Utshintsho kwi-hormone (umz. ngexesha lokuya exesheni).

Kwenzeka ntoni xa le ntsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu?

Xa le ntsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr ingena emzimbeni wethu, iya ngqo kwi -B lymphocytes zethu, uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Uyazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zifana nabalindi bokhuseleko bomzimba, abo balwa nosulelo. Ngoko ke, xa le ntsholongwane inamathela kwezo seli, ezo seli azikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Emva koko kuba nzima ukulwa nosulelo. Kulapho siqala khona ukufumana iimpawu.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Epstein-Barr virus?

Ayingabo bonke abantu abaya kuba neempawu ezifanayo xa befumana i-EBV. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezinzima kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukudumba komqala obuhlungu.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu, ndiziva ndingaphili (Ndidinwe kakhulu).
• Ifiva.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo (kwiindawo ezifana nentamo).
• Iimpundu zesikhumba.
• Ukudumba kwespleen kunye nesibindi.

Xa abantwana abancinci befumana i-EBV, badla ngokungabonisi zimpawu kwaphela, okanye banokubonisa kuphela iimpawu zesifo sexesha elifutshane, njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abantu abaselula okanye abantu abadala basuleleka yintsholongwane, iimpawu zingahlala iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Ukudinwa, ngakumbi, kungahlala iinyanga.

Ngaba iimpawu zingaphinda zivele?

Ewe, inokwenzeka. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, wakuba une-Epstein-Barr virus, iba kwimeko yokungalali emzimbeni wakho, ngokungathi ilele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka okanye uphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, i-dorm virus isenokuphinda ivele. Emva koko ungafumana iimpawu kwakhona. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba awunazo iimpawu, usenokusasaza i-virus kwabanye.

Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto?

Kunokuba nzima kakhulu kugqirha ukuchonga intsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr, kuba iimpawu zayo zifana kakhulu nezezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nomkhuhlane.

Xa ubona ugqirha, baya kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, ukuba sele zikho ixesha elingakanani, nokuba sele ukhe wadibana nomntu onentsholongwane na. Emva koko, kuya kwenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi (uvavanyo lwe-antibody ye-virus ye-Epstein-Barr) ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.Olu vavanyo luthatha isampuli yegazi lakho luze lukhangele ii-antibodies ze-EBV virus. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba uvavanyo lokuqala alubonisi ii-antibodies, kunokufuneka uphinde wenze olunye uvavanyo malunga neentsuku ezili-10 okanye iiveki ezimbini.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Epstein-Barr virus?

Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lwe-Epstein-Barr virus, oko kukuthi, iyeza elitshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo i-virus. Konke okunokwenziwa kukunyanga iimpawu.

Ezi zilandelayo zihlala zenziwa njengonyango:

• Hlala unamanzi amaninzi ngokusela amanzi amaninzi kunye nolwelo.
• Ukuphumla kakuhle.
• Ukusebenzisa amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha umkhuhlane kunye nentlungu.

Ukuphumla kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo kunokunceda ukuthintela iimpawu ukuba zingabi mbi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphepha ukwenza umthambo onzima ukuba i-spleen yakho idumbile ngenxa yentsholongwane, kuba oku kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-spleen.

Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?

Abantu ababonakalisa iimpawu ze-Epstein-Barr badla ngokuchacha kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine . Nangona kunjalo, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, abanye abantu banokuba nokudinwa kangangeeveki, kwaneenyanga.

Ungazikhusela njani kule ntsholongwane?

Kunzima ukuyiphepha ngokupheleleyo le ntsholongwane, njengoko ixhaphakile. Nangona kunjalo, singathabatha amanyathelo athile ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuyifumana.

• Musa ukwabelana ngokutya neziselo nomntu onentsholongwane.
• Musa ukumanga umntu onentsholongwane.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto ezifana neebrashi zamazinyo nomntu onentsholongwane.
• Ukuba ulala nomntu onentsholongwane, sebenzisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ukuba uchukumisa into engcoliswe ngamathe. Kwakhona, musa ukuchukumisa nantoni na engcoliswe ngamathe uze ufake isandla sakho emlonyeni wakho.

Ukunyamekela ucoceko lomntu yeyona nto ibalulekileyo apha. Luxanduva lwakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba awosuleli abanye abantu, ingakumbi ukuba uneempawu.

Ndingaya emsebenzini/esikolweni ukuba ndine-EBV?

Ukuba uneempawu zentsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr, okanye imeko efana ne-"Infectious Mononucleosis", ngokuqinisekileyo akufanele uye esikolweni, emsebenzini, okanye kwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke. Kuba le meko inokusasazeka lula kwabanye.

Ugqirha wakho usenokukucebisa ukuba uhlale ekhaya uphumle de iimpawu zakho ziphele kwaye uzive ungcono kancinci. Nokuba ezinye iimpawu ziyanyamalala, ukudinwa kunokuhlala iiveki ezininzi.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu ze-Epstein-Barr virus, kungcono ukubona ugqirha. Unyango oluphambili kukuphumla kunye neyeza zokudambisa iintlungu. Nangona kunjalo,Ukuba unentlungu eqatha, okanye ukuba umkhuhlane wakho awunciphi kangangeentsuku ezininzi, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha, ungalibali ukubuza ngezi zinto:

• "Ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikolweni?"
• "Ndingenza ntoni ukuze oku kungasasazeki kwabanye abantu endlwini?"
• "Zeziphi iipilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu kunye nezokunciphisa umkhuhlane ezingcono endinokuzisebenzisa kwezi mpawu?"
• "Ingaba kukho into endinokuyenza ukuthintela le ntsholongwane ukuba ingaphindi ivele?"

Ngaba intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr ingabangela umhlaza?

Oku kuyoyikisa kancinci, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu . Oko kukuthi, ayinguye wonke umntu one-EBV oza kuba nomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kufunyenwe ukuba intsholongwane inokuchaphazela ukukhula kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, umzekelo, iBurkitt lymphoma, umhlaza weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye umhlaza wempumlo nomphimbo.

Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye zezinto zemfuza ezikule ntsholongwane zinokutshintsha umjikelo wokukhula kweeseli ezosulelekileyo, zizenze zibe ziiseli zomhlaza. Kodwa khumbula, oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu.

Ngaba intsholongwane ka-Epstein-Barr iyafana ne-herpes?

Intsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr lilungu losapho lwe-herpes virus (`(usapho lwe-Human Herpesvirus)`). Ukuchaneka ngakumbi, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Human Herpesvirus 4)`. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zayo akufuneki zidideke nezo ze-herpes yangasese (`(I-Genital Herpes)`). Izifo ezifana ne-chickenpox (`(I-Chickenpox)`) kunye ne-herpes zoster (`(IiShingles)`) nazo ziyinxalenye yolu sapho lwe-herpes. Imeko `(I-Mononucleosis)` esiyixubushileyo ngaphambili ikwabangelwa zezinye izifo ze-EBV.

Ngaba i-EBV sisifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STI)?

Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha intsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr inokudluliselwa njengosulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo (STI). Kodwa oko akusoloko kunjalo. Nangona inokudluliselwa ngolwelo lomzimba olufana negazi kunye nesidoda, idla ngokudluliselwa ngamathe. I-Infectious Mononucleosis ikwaziwa ngokuba "sisifo sokuqabulana." Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kunokunceda ukukhusela kwezi zifo.

Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka uthi...

Intsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr sisifo esingabangeli ngxaki zinkulu zempilo, kodwa sinokuphazamisa ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala unamanzi aneleyo emzimbeni, uphumle ngokwaneleyo, kwaye uhlale ekhaya ukuze ungasasazi intsholongwane kwabanye. Ukuba unemibuzo, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho.

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