Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci uyabaleka aze atsibe? Masifunde ngezi zakhono zomzimba ezingaqhelekanga!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngendlela okulula ngayo kuthi ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, nokushukumisa iingalo zethu? Kodwa zonke ezi ntshukumo zinkulu ziyimisebenzi enzima ebandakanya amalungu amaninzi omzimba wethu esebenza kunye. Ingakumbi ekuphuhlisweni komntwana omncinci, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ezi zakhono zinkulu zokuhamba, okanye ngokwezonyango, izakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo , ziphuhle ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha.

Zithini ezi zinto kuthiwa zizakhono zokuqhuba umzimba ngokupheleleyo?

Ngamafutshane, izakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo ziintshukumo ezibandakanya izihlunu ezinkulu emizimbeni yethu. Cinga ngezihlunu ezinkulu emilenzeni, ezingalweni, nasezinqeni zakho. Igama elithi "gross" lithetha "ubukhulu." Igama elithi "motor" lithetha "intshukumo." Ngoko ke, izinto ezifana nokuhamba nokushukumisa umzimba zibizwa ngokuba zizakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo.

Ukuze ezi zakhono zomzimba zisebenze kakuhle, amalungu aliqela omzimba wethu kufuneka asebenze ngokulungelelaniswa ngokugqibeleleyo. Uyazi ukuba zeziphi ezo zakhono?

• Izihlunu Zamathambo: Ezi zizihlunu ezinika amandla afunekayo ukwenza iintshukumo.
• Amathambo: Izihlunu zethu zinamathele kula mathambo. Ezi zezona zinto zinika imizimba yethu ulusu.
• Imithambo-luvo: Ngokwenyani, ezi zezona zithwala imiyalezo esuka engqondweni ukuya kwizihlunu, zisithi, "Le yindlela ekufuneka ihambe ngayo, le yindlela ekufuneka yenzeke ngayo."

Ukongeza kwezi zinto, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinxulumene nezi zakhono zokusebenzisa ingqondo:

• Ukulinganisela: Ukugcina ulungelelwano lomzimba.
• Ulungelelwaniso: Ukukwazi ukudibanisa nokwenza iintshukumo kakuhle.
• Ukuqonda umzimba kunye nokuqonda indawo: Ukuqonda umzimba wakho kunye nendawo ohlala kuyo.
• Ixesha lokuphendula: Ukukwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza xa kwenzeka into ethile.

Ezi ngxaki zinkulu zokulawula ukusebenza komzimba zinokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bagxila kakhulu kwezi zakhono ngexesha lokukhula komntwana . Ukukhula komntwana yindlela umntwana wakho akhula kwaye atshintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iingcali zahlula uphuhliso lomntwana kwiindawo ezine eziphambili:

• Uphuhliso lomzimba: Kulapho kufuneka khona izakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo.
• Uphuhliso lwengqondo: Uphuhliso lokucinga nokuqonda.
• Uphuhliso lolwimi: Uphuhliso lolwimi oluthethwayo noluqondayo.
• Uphuhliso lweemvakalelo zentlalo: Ukuphuhlisa indlela yokusebenzisana nabanye kunye nendlela yokulawula iimvakalelo zomntu.

Oogqirha banika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwezi zakhono zokunyakaza kuba ukulibaziseka kwezi zakhono kunokuba luphawu lweemeko ezithile zemithambo-luvo.Okukhona uqaphela into efana nale ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ungamnika umntwana uncedo aludingayo ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi imizekelo yezakhono zokusebenzisa ingqondo ezipheleleyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla?

Ezi zinto sizenzayo yonke imihla ziyimizekelo yezakhono zokunyakaza komzimba:

• Ukuma ungashukumi
• Ukuhamba ngeenyawo
• Ukubaleka
• Ukuhlala uthe nkqo ngaphandle kokuxhaswa ngumqolo
• Ukuhlafuna ukutya (oku kusebenzisa nezihlunu zemihlathi)
• Ukutsiba
• Ukujikelezisa isinqe
• Ukugoba phambili
• Ukungcangcazela, ukujika intamo
• Ukuphakamisa izandla
• Ukugabha

Izakhono zokudibanisa izandla namehlo kunye neenyawo namehlo, oko kukuthi, izinto ezibandakanya izandla namehlo, okanye iinyawo namehlo, zisebenza kunye, zizakhono zokuhambisa amalungu omzimba:

• Ukuphosa nokubamba ibhola
• Ukukhaba ibhola
• Ukujika inqwelo ngezandla zombini njengabadlali beesekisi
• Ukutsiba
• Ukuqubha
• Ukukhwela ibhayisekile, i-skateboard
• Iirollerblades okanye i-ice skating

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Gross Motor Skills kunye ne-Fine Motor Skills?

Sithi izakhono zokunyakaza okukhulu ziintshukumo ezinkulu esizenzayo sisebenzisa izihlunu ezinkulu. Ngoko ke zithini izakhono zokunyakaza ezintle ? Ziintshukumo ezincinci, ezingabonakaliyo, nezichanekileyo esizenzayo ngezi ndawo zethu:

• Isandla, izandla kunye neminwe
• Amaqatha, iinyawo, neenzwane

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini kukuba intshukumo yenzeka phi, kunye nobungakanani bentshukumo. Cinga ngayo, ubhala. Eso sisakhono esihle sokuhamba. Sifuna izihlunu ezincinci kwiminwe yakho nasesihlahleni ukuze zihambe kakuhle nangokuchanekileyo. Kodwa ukuzulisa sisakhono sokuhamba esipheleleyo. Sifuna izihlunu ezinkulu emagxeni akho nakwiingalo eziphezulu ukuze zihambe kakhulu. Izihlunu zakho zomqolo nazo ziyanceda koku.

Nangona kunjalo, zombini ezi ntlobo zezakhono zokunyakaza zifuna ukulungelelaniswa okuntsonkothileyo kwemisipha yethu, amathambo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Abantwana abancinci baqala ngokuphuhlisa izakhono zokunyakaza ezipheleleyo. Izakhono zokunyakaza ezicokisekileyo zikhula kamva.

Kutheni le nto ezi zakhono zokusebenzisa imisipha zibaluleke kangaka?

Intshukumo yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Njengoko izakhono zethu zomzimba zikhula, imizimba yethu iyatshintsha, kwaye njengoko imizimba yethu itshintsha, ezi zakhono ziyakhula. Izakhono ezintsha neziphuculweyo zomzimba zisivumela ukuba sihlole ngakumbi indawo esikuyo, sifunde izinto ezintsha, kwaye senze izinto ezintsha.

Ngamafutshane, izakhono zokunyakaza zomzimba zibalulekile ekushukumeni kwethu, ukuzimela, kunye nempilo yethu iyonke.

Ukuba kukho ubuthathaka kwenye yezi zakhono, bunokuchaphazela iinkalo ezininzi zobomi. Bunokwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yemihla ngemihla, kwaye bunokuchaphazela nokuzithemba kunye nokuzihlonipha.

Zibaluleke kangakanani ezi zakhono zokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba ekuphuhliseni abantwana abancinci?

Izakhono zomzimba eziqhelekileyo zihlala ziqala ebuntwaneni. Emva koko zikhula ebuntwaneni. Oogqirha nabazali balandela olu phuhliso ngokujonga amanqanaba ophuhliso . Ezi ziindlela zokuziphatha eziphawula amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ophuhliso oluqhelekileyo. Umntwana ngamnye ukhula ngesantya sakhe. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantwana ludlula kutshintsho oluthile malunga nexesha elifanayo njengoko bekhula.

Nazi ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwizakhono zokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba kwiintsana nakubantu abancinci (kwaye kukho nezinye, akunjalo?):

Ukususela kwiinyanga eziyi-0 ukuya kweziyi-6:

• Iqengqeleka phambili nangasemva, ize ijikeleze ngenye indlela.
• Bahlala phantsi bexhaswe, kwaye emva kwexesha elithile banokuhlala ngaphandle kwenkxaso.

Ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12:

• Ukukhasa phambili.
• Ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Umzekelo, ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlala ukuya kwindawo yokuguqa.
• Bahamba bexhaswe, bebambelele kwinto ethile.

Iinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18:

• Uhlala phantsi, uguqa ngamadolo, uhamba (mhlawumbi eyedwa).

Ukususela kwiinyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2:

• Ihamba kakuhle.
• Ndizama ukubaleka.
• Uhamba ngelixa etsala okanye ephakamisa ithoyi.
• Unyuka aze ehle izinyuko ngenkxaso.

Kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala:

• Batsiba endaweni yabo bebambe iinyawo zabo kunye.
• Uhamba ngeenzwane.
• Ukukhwela ibhayisekile enamavili amathathu.
• Ubamba ibhola (esebenzisa iingalo, umzimba, nesifuba).

Kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala:

• Ukuma ngomlenze omnye kangangemizuzwana emihlanu.
• Ukukhaba ibhola phambili.
• Ukuhamba ngokuthe ngqo emgceni.
• Ukubaleka ujikeleze imiqobo.

Kwiminyaka emi-5 ubudala:

• Ukuhamba ngasemva ukusuka ezithendeni ukuya ezinzwaneni.
• Ukubamba ibhola encinci usebenzisa izandla ezimbini kuphela.
• Xa umntu ekuyalela ukuba utsibe phambili ngomlenze omnye (utsiba).

Kwiminyaka emi-6 ubudala:

• Ukuhamba ngebhanti yokulinganisela.
• Intambo yokutsiba.
• Ukuphosa nokubamba ibhola njengoko kulindelekile.

Izakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo ziyaqhubeka nokukhula kwaye zomelele ngaphaya kwale minyaka. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba wonke umntwana ukhula ngesantya sakhe. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga neminyaka yomzimba yomntwana wakho, thetha nogqirha wezingane.

Ziphuhliswa njani ezi zakhono zokusebenzisa ingqondo?

Iintshukumo zokuqala ezinkulu zenzeka ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa . Oko kukuthi, ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni sikanina. Ngelixa umntwana ongekazalwa engaphakathi kwesibeleko, ukhaba imilenze yakhe aze ashukumise iingalo zakhe. Uninzi loomama luqala ukuziva ezi khaba kunye nokukhaba malunga neeveki ezili-19.

Emva kokuzalwa, ezi zakhono zomzimba zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ziquka zombini ii-reflexes ezizenzekelayo (izinto ezenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, kungekhona ngokuzithandela kwethu) kunye neentshukumo ezinenjongo.Umzekelo, ukuba ubamba umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa ume nkqo uze ubeke iinyawo zakhe kwindawo eqinileyo, uhlala eshukumisa imilenze yakhe ngokungathi uhamba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"newborn stepping reflex."

Iintshukumo ezinenjongo zihlala ziqala ukusuka entloko ukuya ezantsi . Iintsana ziqala ngokufunda ukuphakamisa iintloko zazo ngelixa zikhasa. Emva koko zifunda ukuziphakamisa ngezandla zazo. Okulandelayo, zihlala zifunda ukuguqa ngezandla neenyawo zazo, kwaye ekugqibeleni zifunde ukuhamba.

Njengoko izihlunu zomntwana ziqina kwaye ingqondo yakhe iqhubeka nokukhula, kokukhona ezi zakhono zomzimba zincinci kwaye zintsonkothile. Izakhono zomzimba ziyaqhubeka nokukhula kwaye ziba nzima ngakumbi ebuntwaneni nasebusheni. Umzekelo, xa beneminyaka emi-6 ubudala, uninzi lwabantwana lunokutsiba umlenze omnye ukuba kukho umntu obafundisayo. Le ntshukumo ifuna indibaniselwano enzima yamandla ezihlunu, ulungelelwano, ulungelelwano, kunye nexesha.

Iintsana nabantwana abancinci bafunda izakhono ezininzi zokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba ngokudibana nendawo ebangqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokunceda umntwana wakho aziqhelise ezi zakhono.

Ungamnceda njani umntwana wakho aphuhlise izakhono zakhe zomzimba?

Ukudlala yindlela ephambili abantwana abancinci kunye nabantwana abancinci abaphuhlisa ngayo izakhono zabo zomzimba. Ingakumbi ukudlala ngokujolise kwiinjongo . Oko kukuthi, ukudlala kwenziwa ngenjongo engqondweni (njengokufunda into entsha) okanye ukugqiba umsebenzi.

Nazi ezinye iindlela onokunceda ngazo umntwana wakho okanye umntwana omncinci aphuhlise izakhono zakhe zomzimba:

• Khuthaza ukukhasa: Ngelixa umntwana wakho ekhasa, beka ithoyizi kufutshane nengalo yakhe, kodwa kungabi kufutshane kakhulu ukuba angamchukumisa. Ufanele ube kufutshane naye.
• Yenza izifundo zemiqobo ezifanelekileyo ngokweminyaka: Oku kunceda abantwana abancinci bafunde ukulinganisela kunye nendlela yokujongana nemiqobo. Cinga ngokukhasa phantsi kwesitulo okanye ukutsiba phezu komqamelo.
• Yisa umntwana wakho epakini: Kudla ngokubakho izinto zokudlala kunye nemisebenzi enokumnceda aziqhelanise nezakhono ezahlukeneyo zokunyakaza komzimba.
• Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba adlale: Ziqhelise izakhono ezifanelekileyo naye ekhaya. Umzekelo, ukukhaba ibhola okanye ukubetha ibhola ngebhethi.
• Mbandakanye umntwana wakho kwimisebenzi yasekhaya ehambelana nobudala bakhe: izinto ezifana nokucoca itafile okanye ukubeka into ethile emgqomeni. Nokuba akayenzi ngokugqibeleleyo le misebenzi, uza kufunda kuyo.

Zithini izizathu zokunqongophala kwezakhono zokuqhuba kakuhle?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki nakweyiphi na kwezi ndawo zomzimba wethu, inokuchaphazela izakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo:

• Ingqondo
• Umqolo
• Iimithambo-luvo ezingaphandle kwengqondo kunye nomqolo (iimithambo-luvo ezingaphandle kwengqondo kunye nomqolo)
• Izihlunu
• Amalunga
• Amathambo

Ngoko ke, kukho iimeko ezininzi zempilo ezinokuphazamisana nezakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo. Ukukhubazeka kunokuba kuncinci okanye kube nzima. Izakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo zinokukhula kade (kade) okanye kubekho iingxaki ezingapheliyo ngezi zakhono.

Iimeko ezichaphazela iintsana nabantwana abancinci:

Nazi ezinye zazo (hayi zodwa):

• Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum
• Umvakalelo yokitazo
• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso
• I-Down Syndrome kunye nezinye izifo zemfuza
• I-Dyspraxia (Ingxaki Yokuququzelela Uphuhliso) - Oku kubandakanya iingxaki zokulungelelanisa intshukumo.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha: Abanye abantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha banokuba neengxaki zempilo ezichaphazela ukukhula kwabo ngokupheleleyo kwemisipha.

Iimeko ezichaphazela abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala:

Ezinye zezi:

• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Iingxaki zokunyakaza, ezifana ne -ataxia (ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi) kunye nokuxinana (ukuqina kwemisipha).
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (eyona ixhaphakileyo kubantu abadala)
• Ukulimala kwemisipha, imithambo-luvo, amalungu kunye namathambo
• Ukulimala komqolo
• Istroke (esixhaphakileyo kubantu abadala)

Iimeko ezichaphazela abantu abadala kuphela (ubukhulu becala):

Ezinye zezi:

• I-Dementia ( ukwehla kwenkumbulo kunye nobukrelekrele)
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga nezakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho akafikeleli kwimigangatho yezakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wezingane. Ugqirha uza kubuza imibuzo malunga neenkxalabo zakho kwaye angenza novavanyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneengxaki zokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ubonakala elahlekelwa zizakhono zakhe zangaphambili, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ingakumbi ukuba ukwehla kwenzeka ngequbuliso, kuba oko kungaba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu esibangelwa sisifo.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo

Izakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo zizinto eziphuhla ubomi bonke, ukususela kwinqanaba lokukhula ukuya kwinqanaba lokufikisa. Iintsana nabantwana abancinci baphuhlisa ezi zakhono njengoko behlola indawo ezibangqongileyo. Kodwa kukho imisebenzi emininzi onokuyenza ukubanceda ngolu phuhliso.

Khumbula, ukuba unemibuzo okanye unenkxalabo malunga nezakhono zomntwana wakho zokunyakaza, akukabi lixesha lokuba uthethe nogqirha ngayo. Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela ezi ntshukumo. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu kumntwana wakho.

Izakhono Zomzimba Ezipheleleyo , Uphuhliso Lomntwana, Imisipha, Intshukumo, Ukudlala, Iziganeko Zophuhliso, Impilo Yomntwana