Lumka kwiimpuku! Masifunde ngeHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome.

Sonke sineempuku emakhayeni ethu, mhlawumbi kwiindawo zethu zokusebenza, okanye nakwiindawo zethu zokukhempisha. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zilwanyana zinokubonakala zintle, kodwa zinokuthwala izifo esingazilindelanga. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu ukusazi, esidluliselwa ziimpuku. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, okanye iHPS ngamafutshane.

Yintoni iHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

Ngamafutshane, le 'HPS' sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esinokuba yingozi esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Ingonakalisa kakhulu intliziyo yakho, imiphunga, kunye nezinye izitho ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni. Sisifo esinokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sinokusongela ubomi. Abanye abantu babiza ngokuba yi 'Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome' (HCPS).

Esi sifo sikhula njani?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba siyifumana njani le sifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-'HPS' ibangelwa kukudibana nendle (oko kukuthi, indle), umchamo, okanye amathe empuku okanye impuku eyosulelwe yi-'Hantavirus'. Ezi zinto zingena njani emizimbeni yethu? Singaphefumla ezo zinto. Okanye, ukuba sitya okanye sisela into engcoliswe zezo zinto, okanye ukuba sichukumisa umphezulu onjalo size sichukumise umlomo okanye impumlo yethu ngesandla esifanayo, le ntsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu.

Ngaba ungasinda ukuba unesifo seHantavirus?

Ewe, i-HPS inokunyangeka. Nangona kunjalo, le yingxaki enzulu. Ngokweengxelo, malunga nama-40% abo bafumana esi sifo, okanye malunga nabantu abane kwabalishumi, banokufa. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimpawu ziyavela.

Ngaba zonke iimpuku neempuku zinentsholongwane?

Hayi, ayizizo zonke iimpuku okanye iimpuku ezineHantavirus. EMantla Melika, kuye kwachongwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempuku ezithwala le ntsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukutsho nantoni na ecacileyo ngeempuku ezikwilizwe lethu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba asinakukwazi ukubona ngokujonga iimpuku ukuba inayo le ntsholongwane okanye ayinayo. Ke ngoko, eyona nto ilungileyo kukulumka. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukunciphisa ukudibana neempuku zasendle, kwaye ukuba ubona ilindle lazo, umchamo, okanye iindlwane zazo ekhayeni lakho, zisuse ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ucoce iindawo kakuhle ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokuphuhlisa i-HPS?

Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-'HPS' sinokuchaphazela nabani na. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kukuvezwa kwindle, umchamo, kunye namathe empuku okanye impuku enesifo. Ezi zigulane zibikwe kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. E-United States, kuthiwa uninzi lwezigulane lubikwe kumazwe asentshona yoMlambo iMississippi. Akukho ndawo ikhethekileyo enjalo ebekelwe ilizwe lethu, kodwa kunokubakho umngcipheko naphi na apho iimpuku zininzi khona. Cinga ngayo, xa ucoca igumbi lokugcina izinto elidala, i-attic, okanye indlu ehlathini, okanye xa usebenza emasimini, lo mngcipheko unokwanda.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-`HPS`?

I-HPS sisifo esingaqhelekanga ngokwenene. Umzekelo, ukusukela oko uphando ngayo lwaqala eMelika ngo-1993, ziziganeko ezingama-833 kuphela ezibikwe ngoDisemba 2020. Oko kumalunga neminyaka engama-27. Ngoko ke, oku kuthetha ukuba esi asisosifo semihla ngemihla. Kodwa, nangona sinqabile, sinokuba yingozi, ngoko ke kufanelekile ukwazi ngaso.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa iHantavirus ingena emzimbeni?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba le Hantavirus ingenile emzimbeni wethu. Nje ukuba le ntsholongwane ingene emzimbeni, iyanda kancinci kancinci, oko kuthetha ukuba idala iintsholongwane ezininzi kwaye iqale ukusasazeka emzimbeni wonke.

Ingakumbi emiphungeni yakho, le ntsholongwane ibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi emincinci) apho ibe buthathaka ize ivuze igazi. Emva koko iingxowa zomoya (iibhaluni ezincinci ezigcina ioksijini xa siphefumla) emiphungeni yakho zinokuzaliswa ligazi. Oku kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumla.

Ikwachaphazela intliziyo yakho. Le ntsholongwane yonakalisa izihlunu zentliziyo ngokwayo, kwaye imithambo yegazi apho iyancipha kwaye ivuza. Xa le mithambo yegazi ibuthathaka, intliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elaneleyo elineoksijini ukuya kwezinye iiseli kunye namalungu omzimba. Xa iiseli kunye namalungu omzimba engafumani gazi laneleyo, umzimba unokuba nengxaki yokothuka .

Khumbula, ukuba umzimba uphazamiseka, amalungu omzimba anokusilela ngokukhawuleza aze abangele nokufa. Yiyo loo nto kusithiwa kuyingozi.

Zithini iimpawu zokuqala ze-HPS?

Xa usulelwe yiHantavirus, iimpawu zibonakala ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

Isigaba sokuqala 'sisigaba sokufukamela', okanye ixesha apho intsholongwane ikhula emzimbeni. Eli xesha lingathatha iiveki ezisibhozo. Ngeli xesha, usenokuba nentsholongwane emzimbeni wakho, kodwa usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu zangaphandle.

Inqanaba lesibini kukuqala kokubonakala kweempawu. Oku kunokuqala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-degrees Fahrenheit ali-101 (38.33 degrees Celsius).
• Ndiziva ngathi uza kubanda .
• Ukudinwa , ukudinwa.
• Iintlungu zemisipha , ingakumbi emathangeni, ezinqeni nasemqolo.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Urhudo (ukudumba kwesisu).
• Mhlawumbi irhashalala lolusu.
• Ukukhohlela okomileyo kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
• Intloko ebuhlungu .
• Isiyezi.

Eli nqanaba lesibini lingathatha iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezisibhozo.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa iimpawu ze-HPS zisiba mandundu? (Inqanaba lesi-3)

Emva kweentsuku ezine ukuya kwezilishumi emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala ziqalile, inqanaba lesithathu leempawu lisenokuqala. Eli nqanaba linokuba nzima kakhulu. Oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka ngeli xesha:

• Ukopha ngaphakathi.
• Imiphunga izaliswe lulwelo.

Ezi mpawu zingabangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi kumalungu akho omzimba kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla. Iimpawu zokuba ungena kweli nqanaba linzima ziquka:

• Ukukhwehlela okwandileyo.
• Kuya kuba nzima ukuphefumla.
• Isantya sentliziyo siyanda.
• Ukuziva uxinene esifubeni.

Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Zithini izizathu ze-HPS?

Unobangela oyintloko we-HPS liqela leentsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba ziiHantaviruses. Ezi ntsholongwane zihlala zithwalwa ziintlobo ezithile zeempuku kunye neempuku.

Abantu badla ngokufumana i-HPS ngokuphefumla amasuntswana amancinci avela kwindle yempuku enesifo. Nangona kunjalo, ii-hantavirus zinokusasazwa ngoku:

• Ngokulunywa yimpuku okanye yimpuku enesifo.
• Ukuba uchukumisa indawo engcolileyo yincindi (indle, umchamo, amathe) evela kwimpuku/impuku enesifo uze uchukumise impumlo okanye umlomo wakho ngesandla esifanayo.
• Ukuba utya ukutya okungcoliswe yincindi eyosulelekileyo.

Ingaba oku kusulela umntu komnye umntu?

Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Isifo esithi `HPS` asiqhelekanga ukudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi bezonyango, luhlobo oluthile lweHantavirus olufumaneka eArgentina naseChile kuphela oluye lwabonwa ludluliselwa komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ke ngoko, esi sisifo esidluliselwa ukusuka kwiimpuku ukuya ebantwini, kwaye asisosifo esisasazeka lula phakathi kwabantu.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-HPS?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-HPS, ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni. Ukongeza, basenokukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba ukhe wadibana neempuku okanye iimpuku zasendle kutshanje?
• Ngaba ubukhe wakhampa kutshanje, okanye uhlala endlwini ehlathini?
• Ngaba uhlala okanye usebenza kwindawo enehlathi?
• Ngaba ukhe waphawula naluphi na udoti lweempuku/iimpuku ekhayeni lakho okanye kwindawo yakho yokusebenza?

Olu lwazi luvumela ugqirha ukuba enze uvavanyo lwesifo se-HPS esirhanelwayo, kunye nezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ziimpuku.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswayo ukufumanisa i-HPS?

Ugqirha unokuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na i-HPS ngovavanyo lwegazi .

Kuvavanyo lwegazi, bathabatha isampuli encinci yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho besebenzisa inaliti encinci (njenge-toothpick). Emva koko, igazi lihlolwa phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ii-antibodies (iiproteni ezenziwa yinkqubo yethu yomzimba yokulwa nesifo) eziveliswa ngokuchasene nentsholongwane.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubonisa nezinye iimpawu ze-HPS. Umzekelo, inani eliphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ezi ziiseli ezilwa nezifo emizimbeni yethu) kunye nenani eliphantsi ngokungaqhelekanga leeplatelets (into enceda ukujiya kwegazi). Ugqirha wakho unokujonga amanqanaba eoksijini egazini lakho.

Inyangwa njani i-HPS?

Kubalulekile ukunyanga i-HPS ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane emva kokuba udibene nelindle leempuku/iimpuku, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

I-HPS idla ngokuphathwa kwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU) . Oogqirha baya kuyijonga imeko yakho ngokusondeleyo kwaye banokukunika unyango oluthile olufana nolu:

• Unyango lweoksijini (ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima).
• Nika umzimba ulwelo olufunekayo (utshintsho lwe-Fluid) (thintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni).
• Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi (ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi).
• I-Ribavirin liyeza elilwa neentsholongwane .
• Umoya ongeniswa ngomatshini (nceda ngomatshini ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima kakhulu).
• I-Dialysis (ukuba izintso zichaphazelekile).

Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu , oogqirha basebenzisa unyango olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'ECMO' (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation). Oku kuquka ukuthatha igazi emzimbeni, ukongeza ioksijini kuloo gazi ngomatshini, uze ulibuyisele emzimbeni. Olu lonyango lunzima kakhulu.

Ingaba i-HPS iyaphucuka? Iza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani?

Ukuba usinda kwiintsuku zokuqala zesigaba sokuqala se-HPS, kuya kufuneka uqale uzive ungcono kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuqala unyango.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? / Ndingenza ntoni de ndibe ndiphilile?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uziva ugula emva kokuba kwindawo apho kwakukho ilindle leempuku/iimpuku. Ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka ulandele isicwangciso sonyango esinikwe ngugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.

Xa ukugula kungekubi kakhulu, ungaphumla ngokwaneleyo kwaye usele iziselo ezininzi (ezifana namanzi kunye nejusi yeziqhamo).Inokunceda ekukhawuleziseni ukuchacha.

Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-'HPS'? (Iindlela zokuthintela)

Akukho gonyo le-HPS okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo:

• Ziphephe iimpuku zasendle. Ziphephe ukuxhoma apho zikhupha khona inkunkuma.
• Xa ucoca iindawo apho kufunyenwe khona iimpuku/iingcongconi zeempuku, nxiba iiglavu zerabha kunye nemaski egquma impumlo nomlomo wakho.
• Coca iindawo apho kukho indle yeempuku/iimpuku kakuhle ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.
• Musa ukutshayela inkunkuma yempuku/yempuku ngengubo. Ukuba uyayitshayela, amasuntswana asulelekileyo angaxutywa nothuli aze aphefumlwe. Kungcono ukuthambisa loo ndawo ngamanzi uze uyisule.
• Ukuba kukho imingxunya ekhayeni lakho okanye ejikeleze indlu yakho evumela iimpuku/iimpuku ukuba zingene, zivale kakuhle.
• Beka imigibe yeempuku kunye nemigibe yeempuku endlwini nangaphandle kwayo ukuze unciphise inani leempuku/iimpuku.
• Kuphephe ukushiya ukutya ngaphandle ekhaya. Lumka ngokutya nokuba ukhempisha.
• Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise nayiphi na indawo oyaziyo ukuba kukho iimpuku/iimpuku (umzekelo, amagumbi okugcina izinto ezindala, iishelufu), qiniseka ukuba uyiphefumlisa kakuhle. Vula iingcango neefestile uze ulinde ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba ungene.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndine-HPS?

Ukuba une-HPS, kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, i-HPS ingakubulala.

Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu abane-HPS luyaphila ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwemiphumo yexesha elide.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Iimpawu ze-HPS zinokufana nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-pneumonia okanye i-flu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukunyanga i-HPS kuba inokuba yingozi ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-HPS (ezifana nomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla) emva kokudibana neempuku zasendle okanye ulwelo lwazo, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ndiza kukwazi nini ukubuyela kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo?

Emva konyango oluphumeleleyo, kufuneka uqale uzive ungcono ngokukhawuleza – ngesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha inyanga okanye ngaphezulu ukuba eminye imisebenzi yemiphunga ibuyele esiqhelweni. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ungabuyela nini kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo, kuquka nokuzilolonga.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha, kungcono ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Uyazi njani ukuba ndineHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?
• Ndiyifumene njani le 'HPS'?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ozenzayo ukuze uxilonge i-HPS?
• Ingxaki yam inzulu kangakanani?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunyango olucebisayo?
• Ndiza kuqala nini ukuziva ngcono?
• Yintoni enye endinokuyenza ukuze ndikhawulezise ukuchacha kwam?

Okokugqibela, izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Iimpuku neempuku zizilwanyana ezintle ezinamehlo amakhulu, iindlebe ezinkulu, impumlo ezipinki, kunye namalungu amancinci, kodwa singazifumana izifo kwiimpuku/iimpuku zasendle. Esinye sezifo ezisasazwayo yiHantavirus. Le ntsholongwane ibangela isifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esinzima esibizwa ngokuba yiHantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS).

Nangona iimpawu ekuqaleni zinokuba njengomkhuhlane, njengoko oku kuqhubeka kancinci kancinci kwaye kuchaphazela amanye amalungu omzimba, unokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza. I-HPS inokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane emva kokuba usendaweni apho kwakukho indle yempuku/yempuku okanye apho kuhlala khona iimpuku/iimpuku, nceda ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Mxelele ugqirha ukuba ubukwindawo enjani na kwaye nini na. Okukhona ufunyaniswa une-'HPS' ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba akho okuphila ngokupheleleyo.

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