Ngaba unayo nayiphi na kwezi ngxaki zomqala? Masifunde ngoMhlaza weLaryngeal!

Ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba ilizwi lakho liyatshintsha kancinci? Okanye uvakalelwa kukuba kukho into ebambeke emqaleni wakho, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyiginya? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba ezi zizifo nje zomkhuhlane okanye zomqala, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba luphawu lwento enzulu ngakumbi. Yiyo loo nto namhlanje sicinge ukuba siza kuthetha ngale nto ibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-laryngeal. Musa ukoyika, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Yintoni umhlaza weLaryngeal?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza we-laryngeal ngumhlaza okhula kwi-larynx yakho . I-larynx yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu emqaleni wethu. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba "yibhokisi yelizwi." Kuba sithetha, siphefumla, kwaye siginya ngoncedo lwale ngxolo. Iintambo zethu zelizwi zikwafumaneka ngaphakathi kwale ngxolo.

Ngoku, yintoni umhlaza? Umhlaza uvela xa iiseli emzimbeni wethu ziqala ukwahlukana kwaye zande ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo. Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezakha ngolu hlobo zinokuqokelelana zenze ithumba. Oku kwenzeka kumhlaza we-laryngeal. Njengoko ezi seli zomhlaza zisanda, zihlasela izicubu eziphilileyo ezizingqongileyo kwaye zonakalise umzimba wethu.

Khawucinge nje, i-larynx yethu inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu:

1. I-Supraglottis (inxalenye ephezulu): Malunga ne-35% yomhlaza we-laryngeal, okanye ngaphezulu kwesithathu, iqala kweli candelo.

2. I-Glottis (inxalenye ephakathi): Iintambo zelizwi zilapha. Malunga nama-60%, okanye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha, somhlaza we-laryngeal uqala kweli candelo libalulekileyo.

3. Ii-Subglottis (inxalenye esezantsi): Malunga ne-5% yomhlaza we-laryngeal, okanye malunga nomnye kwi-20, uqala kweli candelo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iLaryngeal Cancer?

Umhlaza weLaryngeal luhlobo lomhlaza olukudidi lweMihlaba yeNtloko neNtlambo . Kukho izibalo ezivela kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini, umzekelo, eMelika, kuthiwa malunga nabantu abayi-12,500 bafunyanwa benesi sifo minyaka le, kwaye malunga nama-4,000 bayafa ngenxa yaso. Imihlaba enjalo ikwabonakala naseSri Lanka, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-laryngeal?

Eyona ngxaki inkulu ngale nto kukuba iimpawu zokuqala zinokubhidaniswa lula nezo zezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo . Uphawu oluqhelekileyo kukurhawuzelela . Ukuba aluphucuki emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, kufuneka ukrokrele. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu okanye ukukhohlela okungapheliyo.
• Utshintsho lwelizwi (umz., ukurhawuzelela) oluhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini.
• Ukuziva intlungu okanye ezinye iingxaki xa uginya ukutya okanye isiselo .
• Iqhuma entanyeni okanye emqaleniUkubamba into enjalo.
• Ubunzima bokuvelisa ilizwi `(Dysphonia)` .
• Intlungu yendlebe (ingakumbi kwicala elinye).

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unale mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Kwakhona, ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza :

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea) .
• Isandi esiphezulu nesiqatha (iStridor) xa uphefumla .
• Ukuva rhoqo into ebambeke emqaleni (Globus Sensation) .
• Ukukhohlela igazi (iHemoptysis) .

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza we-laryngeal?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili ezibangela ukuphuhliswa kwalo mhlaza.

• Ezinye iintlobo zeHPV (Human Papillomavirus) , isifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STI), zinokubangela umhlaza we-laryngeal.
• Ukongeza, ukusebenzisa icuba (kuquka ukutshaya) kunye nokusela utywala kakhulu kuyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana lo mhlaza. Ukuba nizenza zombini kunye, umngcipheko uba mkhulu nangakumbi.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza we-laryngeal?

Kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko onokuchaphazela ukukhula kwalo mhlaza. Kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zinto, kuba ezinye zazo sinokuzilawula.

• Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba: Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko . Abantu abatshayayo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana lo mhlaza.
• Ukusela utywala: Umngcipheko uyanda, ingakumbi ukuba usela iziselo ezingaphezu kwesinye ngosuku . Umngcipheko uphezulu nangakumbi kumntu otshaya aze asele utywala.
• Ubudala: Lo mhlaza uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55 ubudala.
• Isini: Amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okufumana lo mhlaza kunabasetyhini. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukuxhaphaka okuphezulu kokutshaya nokusebenzisa utywala kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda.
• Ukuba sele ukhe waba nomhlaza wentloko okanye wentamo ngaphambili: Malunga nomntu omnye kwabane (25%) abakhe baba nolu hlobo lomhlaza ngaphambili baya kuphinda babe nomhlaza kule ndawo.
• Umsebenzi: Eminye imisebenzi ikwanyusa umngcipheko ngenxa yokuchanabeka kwizinto ezinobungozi. Umzekelo:
• Inkungu ye-Sulfuric Acid
• Uthuli lomthi
• I-Nickel
• I-Asbestos
• Ukusebenza kwimizi-mveliso evelisa igesi ye-mustard.
• Abantu abasebenza ngoomatshini nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza we-laryngeal.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza weLaryngeal?

Ukuba uneempawu, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko , baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba.Umqala wakho nentamo yakho ziya kuhlolwa. Emva kolu vavanyo lokuqala, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unikwe ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinceda ekuxilongweni?

Kukho iimvavanyo eziphambili ezininzi ezenziweyo koku:

• Iiskeni zeMifanekiso:
• I-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan: Ezi zinokuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba. Zinokubonisa izinto ezinje ngobukhulu bethumba lomhlaza kunye nendawo elikuyo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Oku kunceda ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na emiphungeni.
• I-Laryngoscopy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci neguquguqukayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-endoscope , exhotyiswe ngekhamera kunye nokukhanya, ngomlomo okanye empumlweni kwaye yehle emqaleni. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ngqo ngaphakathi kwi-larynx.
• I-PET Scan: Kule nto, kufakwa idosi encinci kakhulu nekhuselekileyo yento ene-radioactive emthanjeni. Le nto ibonisa ngokucacileyo apho iiseli zomhlaza zikhoyo.
• I-Biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa umhlaza . Iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu ezingaqhelekanga lithathwa kwi-larynx lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Ingcali yezifo , isazinzulu sezicubu, ihlola ezi seli. Ezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza zisebenza kuphela ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zineempawu ezithile zeproteni. Ngoko ke le biopsy ikwajonga ezi zimpawu.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza we-laryngeal?

Njengenxalenye yokuxilongwa, inqanaba lomhlaza liyachongwa. Oku kuthetha ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza unzima kangakanani, ukuba ukhula kangakanani, nokuba usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Amanqanaba omhlaza we-laryngeal ngala alandelayo:

• Umhlaza weLaryngeal wasekuqaleni: Kwinqanaba 0, 1, kunye nelesi-2, ithumba lincinci. Umhlaza awukasasazeki ngaphaya kwelarynx.
• Umhlaza weLaryngeal oPhambili: Kwinqanaba lesi-3 nelesi-4, ithumba liye lakhula kakhulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba lichaphazele imisonto yelizwi, okanye kusenokwenzeka ukuba lisasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Umhlaza we-laryngeal usasazeka phi okokuqala?

Umhlaza osasazeka ngaphaya kwengqula ungasasazeka uye kwi-thyroid gland, kwi-trachea, kwi-esophagus, kulwimi, kwimiphunga, kwisibindi, nakumathambo .

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza we-laryngeal?

Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomhlaza we-laryngeal. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, iqela lakho lezonyango liya kukhetha unyango olulungele wena.

• Unyango lweMisebe: Oku kubandakanya iingcali ze-radiation oncologists.Imisebe yemitha enamandla aphezulu isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ngenxa yokuba imisebe ijoliswe kuphela kwithumba lomhlaza, umonakalo kwizicwili eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo uyancitshiswa.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Iingcali zomhlaza zonyango zisebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukucothisa ukukhula kwazo. Unyango lweKhemotherapy ludla ngokunikezelwa ngomthambo. Olu nyango lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kodwa oogqirha banokunceda ekulawuleni ezo ziphumo.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Oku kubandakanya ukuvuselela inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wakho, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba, ukuze ilwe nomhlaza. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-biologic therapy .
• Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Olu nyango lujolise kwiiproteni ezithile kwiiseli zomhlaza, ngaloo ndlela luthintela iiseli ukuba zingaphindaphindani.
• Utyando:
• Kwisigaba sokuqala somhlaza , utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kususwe kuphela ithumba lomhlaza ngelixa kugcinwa i-larynx (oko kukuthi, kugcinwe amandla okuthetha nokuginya).
• Kwiimeko zomhlaza ezihambele phambili , oogqirha botyando banokufuneka benze i-laryngectomy , olu lutyando lokususa yonke i-larynx.

Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka unyango olungaphezulu kolunye. Umzekelo, unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation therapy lunokusetyenziswa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.

Ziziphi iintlobo zotyando lwe-laryngeal ezikhoyo?

Utyando lusetyenziselwa ukususa umhlaza. Injongo ephambili yotyando lomhlaza we-laryngeal kukususa ithumba elinomhlaza ngelixa kugcinwa umsebenzi we-larynx. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokufuneka ukususa inxalenye ye-larynx okanye i-larynx yonke. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zotyando:

• Ukususwa kwe-Cordectomy: Ukususwa kwenxalenye okanye yonke intambo yelizwi. Oku kwenziwa rhoqo ngomlomo.
• Ukususwa kwe-Supraglottic Laryngectomy: Ukususwa kwenxalenye ephezulu ye-larynx (supraglottis). Oku kungenziwa ngentamo okanye ngomlomo.
• Ukususwa kwesiqingatha se-larynx : Oku kunokunceda ukugcina ilizwi lakho liphilile.
• Ukususwa kwenxalenye yelarynx: Oku kunokugcina amandla okuthetha.
• Ukususwa kwe-Laryngectomy iyonke: Ukususwa kwe-larynx yonke ngentamo.
• Ukususwa kwe-thyroid: Ukususwa kwayo yonke okanye inxalenye yayo (ukuba umhlaza usasazekile).
• Utyando lweLaser: Ukusebenzisa umqadi welaser ukususa ithumba ngaphandle kokopha.

Ungayikhetha njani eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango?

Kumhlaza we-laryngeal okwinqanaba lokuqala, iqela lezonyango liza kucebisa utyando okanye unyango lwe-radiation. Uphando lubonise ukuba zombini ziyasebenza. Xa kuthathwa isigqibo ngonyango, iqela lezonyango liza kuqwalasela izinto ezininzi, kuquka:

• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango yokugcina amandla akho okuthetha nokuginya ?
• Ukukwazi kwakho ukulandela iminqweno yakho, amathemba akho, kunye nesicwangciso sonyango.
• iminyaka yakho.
• Ezinye izifo onazo.
• Imfuno yelizwi lakho (umz. ngomsebenzi wakho).
• Uhlobo lwelizwi lakho.
• Nokuba utshaya ngoku okanye ukhe watshaya ngaphambili.
• Ubuchule bakho bokuphefumla.
• Inkxaso evela kubantu obathandayo.

Ungazikhusela kumhlaza we-laryngeal?

Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukukhusela ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza omninzi, kuquka nomhlaza we-laryngeal. Oko kuquka ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni:

• Yeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo kwaye uphephe ukusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
• Nciphisa utywala obuselayo. Ukuba ukhotyokiswe butywala, funa unyango.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo . Yitya imifuno neziqhamo ezingaphezulu.

"Yeka ukutshaya namhlanje. Akunakukukhusela kumhlaza wengqula kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izifo ezininzi."

Ngaba kukho naluphi na uvavanyo lokususwa kwe-laryngectomy?

Okwangoku akukho vavanyo lucacileyo noluqhelekileyo lokuhlola umhlaza we-laryngeal. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokurhawuzelela, olunye utshintsho, okanye ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunokufunyanwa ngumhlaza kwasekuqaleni. Emva koko kulula ukunyanga kwaye amathuba okuchacha aphezulu.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango lomhlaza we-laryngeal?

Emva konyango, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze ufumane amadinga okulandela ukuze ubone ukuba uyachacha na. Ugqirha uya kunikela ingqalelo kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Unyango lwazo naziphi na iintlungu.
• Ukunceda ukulawula ubunzima bokuginya okanye izilonda emlonyeni nasemqaleni (mucositis) .
• Xoxa ngeendlela zakho zokutya kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uyakwazi ukutya nokuginya ngaphandle kweengxaki.
• Unyango lomzimba lunokunikwa abantu abanezibazi entanyeni okanye abanengxaki yokuvula umlomo.

Iyintoni imbono yabantu abanomhlaza we-laryngeal?

Imbono yakho ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, inqanaba lomhlaza, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ngokubanzi, umhlaza we-laryngeal okwinqanaba lokuqala unethuba eliphezulu lokusinda . Kumhlaza osele usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, amathuba okusinda aphantsi kancinci.

Kodwa,Nokuba umhlaza we-laryngeal osele uphucukile unokunyangeka. Ukuba umhlaza ubuya, uhlala usenzeka kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu yokuqala emva konyango. Umngcipheko wokuba umhlaza ubuya emva kweminyaka emihlanu uphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba utshaya okanye usela utywala kwaye awuyeki, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza omtsha kule ndawo.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndibe ne-stoma?

Ukuba utyando lwakho luza kudala indlela entsha yomoya entanyeni yakho ukuze ukwazi ukuphefumla. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-stoma . Isenokuba yeyokusisigxina okanye eyexeshana. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze unyamekele i-stoma yakho:

• Yijonge yonke imihla ukuqinisekisa ukuba icocekile kwaye ayinayo i-mucus.
• Susa i-mucus kwi-stoma usebenzisa i-saline spray okanye ilaphu.
• Yigcine ifumile nge-saline spray.
• Coca indawo ejikeleze i-stoma usebenzisa isepha namanzi athambileyo.
• Musa ukuntywilisela i-stoma emanzini.
• Gcina istoma yakho igqunyiwe (ngesikhafu okanye isiciko esikhethekileyo sestoma) ukuthintela uthuli ukuba lungangeni. Yigcine igqunyiwe xa ucheba naxa uhlamba.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba i-larynx yam yonke isusiwe?

Ukuba uyatshaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka . Zigcine kude necuba ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva konyango. Abantu abatshaya emva konyango basengozini enkulu yokufumana ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abayeka ukutshaya basengozini encinci kakhulu yokuba nomhlaza. Ukutshaya kunokukulibazisa ukubuyela kwakho esiqhelweni kwaye kwenze iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango zibe zimbi ngakumbi.

Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukuthetha emva konyango lomhlaza we-laryngeal?

Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi.

• Ukuba ususwe i-laryngectomy epheleleyo (oko kuthetha ukuba yonke i-larynx isusiwe), kuya kufuneka ufunde indlela entsha yokuthetha. Ingcali yezonyango zokuthetha iza kukunceda ngale nto.
• Ukuba ugqirha ukhuphe inxalenye yengxolo yakho kuphela, ilizwi lakho lisenokuba lirhabaxa ekuqaleni, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kulifumana kwakhona ilizwi lakho. Nangona kunjalo, lisenokuvakala kwaye livakala ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunangaphambili.
• Ezinye iindlela zonyango, ezinje ngonyango lwemitha, zinokubangela ukuba ulahlekelwe lilizwi lakho okwethutyana. Nangona kunjalo, ilizwi lakho lidla ngokubuya xa i-larynx yakho ipholile.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomhlaza we-laryngeal, buza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Umhlaza ukwinqanaba elingakanani?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Unyango luza kuyichaphazela njani indlela endithetha ngayo, endiphefumla ngayo, nendiginya ngayo?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna ukuvuselelwa emva konyango?
• Ngaba umhlaza ungaphinda ubuye?
• Ndiphilile njani?

Ngubani onceda ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni umhlaza we-laryngeal?

Iqela lokhathalelo lomhlaza we-laryngeal lidla ngokuba neengcali ezininzi kunye neengcali zempilo ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo:

• Oogqirha Botyando Lwentloko Nentamo: Aba ngoogqirha be-Otolaryngologists abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukususa umhlaza kwindawo yentloko nentamo.
• Iingcali zomhlaza wemisebe: Nyanga umhlaza ngonyango lwemisebe.
• Iingcali zomhlaza zonyango: Nyanga umhlaza ngamayeza anjenge-chemotherapy.
• Oogqirha bamazinyo kunye nooGqirha boMlomo: Banikezela ngeenkonzo ezifana ne-X-ray kunye nokunyanga umhlaza womlomo.
• Iingcali zokunyanga intetho / Iingcali zezifo zolwimi lwentetho (ii-SLP): Vavanya kwaye unyange iingxaki zentetho, ulwimi, ilizwi, ukucinga kunye nokuginya.
• Iingcali Zokutya Ezibhalisiweyo: Nceda ufumane ukutya okunesondlo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yempilo yesigulana, ukugula, okanye ukwenzakala.
• Abasebenzi beNtlalontle: Basebenza ukusombulula iingxaki nokubonelela ngolwazi kwizigulana nakwiintsapho. Babonelela ngeengcebiso, ukuthunyelwa kwizixhobo zasekuhlaleni nezelizwe, ulwazi malunga namaqela enkxaso, kunye nolwazi malunga noncedo lwezemali.
• Ababoneleli Bonyango Oluphambili: Bajongana nonyango oluqhelekileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza.

Isishwankathelo kunye nezinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukuba uneempawu zomhlaza we-laryngeal, ezinje ngokurhawuzelela okanye utshintsho oluthile kwilizwi lakho, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, okanye ubunzima bokuginya, nceda ubone ugqirha . Isigaba 0 kunye nesigaba 1 somhlaza we-laryngeal sinezinga eliphezulu lokuphiliswa ukuba sinyangwa kwangethuba. Kwakhona, ukunyanga umhlaza kwangethuba kunokukunceda ugcine amandla akho okuthetha nokutya. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga neendlela zonyango ezikhoyo ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza wakho.

Khumbula, ukutshaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kotywala zezona zinto zibangela umhlaza we-laryngeal. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuzigcina kude nale mikhwa mibi. Hlala usempilweni!

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