Masithethe ngomhlaza wesibindi. Oko kufuneka ukwazi!

Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa usiva ngomhlaza wesibindi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda oku ngokuchanekileyo . Isibindi asilolungu elikhulu kuphela emzimbeni wethu, kodwa senza nomsebenzi obalulekileyo obalulekileyo ukuze sisinde. Ngoko ke, xa umhlaza ukhula kwilungu elibaluleke kangaka, unokuba yingozi ebomini.

Yintoni umhlaza wesibindi? Masiwuqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wesibindi sisimila esibi esikhula esibindini. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zale nto. 1. Umhlaza wesibindi oyintloko: Kule meko, umhlaza uqala esibindini. Siza kuthetha kakhulu ngolu hlobo kweli nqaku. 2. Umhlaza wesibindi wesibini: Kule meko, umhlaza okhula kwenye indawo emzimbeni (umzekelo, imiphunga, ikholoni) kamva usasazeka uye esibindini.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wesibindi oyintloko?

Kukwakho neentlobo ezintathu eziphambili zomhlaza wesibindi oyintloko. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• I-Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesibindi . Uninzi lwexesha, xa sithetha ngomhlaza wesibindi, sithetha ngalo `(HCC)`.
• I-Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC) : Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Lo mhlaza (okwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Cholangiocarcinoma') ukhula kwimibhobho yenyongo yesibindi sethu. Ubandakanya phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wesibindi .
• I-angiosarcoma yesibindi: Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu. Lubangela malunga ne-1% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wesibindi. Lo mhlaza uqala kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi esibindini. Olu hlobo lomhlaza, olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Angiosarcoma``, ngamanye amaxesha lunokukhula kwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wesibindi? Siwubona njani?

Iimpawu zazo zontathu iintlobo zomhlaza wesibindi ziyafana kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwaphela kwizigaba zokuqala. Yiloo nto ithusayo kancinci. Kodwa masiqaphele ezi mpawu:

• Umchamo omnyama okanye indle engwevu/emhlophe: Ufanele ukhathazeke ukuba umchamo wakho utshintsha umbala ngequbuliso ube mdaka omnyama, okanye ukuba indle yakho ingwevu okanye inombala wodongwe endaweni yombala wayo oqhelekileyo.
• Ukugruzuka ngaphandle kwesizathu: Ukuba ngequbuliso kuvela amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye imikrwelo emzimbeni wakho, loo nto nayo yimpawu.
• Ukudinwa : Ukuziva udiniwe kwaye ungenabomi, nokuba ulala kangakanani na.
• Umkhuhlane: Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo, ongenakuchazwa.
• Iqhuma okanye ukuqina okuvakala ngathi liqhuma phantsi kwembambo, kwicala lasekunene: Ukuba uva iqhuma kwinxalenye ephezulu ngasekunene yesisu sakho, ngezantsi nje apho iimbambo zakho ziphela khona, musa ukulibetha ngoyaba.
• Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo: Ingakumbi ukuba ukrwela umzimba wakho wonke ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• I-Anorexia okanye ukwehla nje kobunzima: Ukungaziva ngathi ufuna ukutya, nokunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokuzama.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Ukuba ufumana isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza rhoqo.
• Intlungu okanye ukudumba esiswini esingaphezulu ngasekunene: Ukuba unentlungu esiswini esingaphezulu ngasekunene, okanye ukuba isisu sakho sivakala sidumbile.
• I-Jaundice: Olu luphawu abantu abaninzi abaluqhelileyo. Lukukuba tyheli kolusu namhlophe emehlweni . Khawuthelekelele ukuba umhlobo wakho, masithi uNimal, ngequbuliso uqaphela ukuba amehlo akhe atshintsha abe tyheli kwaye umchamo wakhe utshintsha ube mnyama. Usenokucinga, 'Owu, oku kumele ukuba yi-jaundice.' Kodwa ayikuko konke ukuba tyheli kuyi-jaundice nje, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwemeko embi kakhulu efana nale.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesibindi ezibonisa ukuba umntu unesifo somhlaza?

Nantsi ingxaki. Uninzi lwexesha, umhlaza wesibindi awubonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Ngoko ke ukuba ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni (siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kamva), eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha aze ahlole isibindi sakho. Emva koko baya ku-odola iimvavanyo ezifunekayo (ezifana 'novavanyo lomsebenzi wesibindi').

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza wesibindi?

Umhlaza wesibindi uvela xa i-'DNA' yeeseli zesibindi ezisempilweni ichaphazeleka. Ubusazi na ukuba, 'i-DNA' lulwazi lwemfuza oluxelela iiseli zethu indlela yokusebenza? Sonke sinee-gene emizimbeni yethu ezixelela iiseli zethu ukuba zikhule, zahlule, kwaye zife ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ii-genes ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'(Oncogenes)' zinceda iiseli zikhule kwaye zahlule. Ii-genes ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'(Tumor suppressor genes)' zithintela iiseli ukuba zingahlukani ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye zibangela ukuba iiseli zife ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-'DNA' yethu itshintsha ('itshintsha'), iiseli zifumana imiyalelo emitsha, engachanekanga. Le miyalelo ingachanekanga ibangela ukuba iiseli zibe ziiseli zomhlaza kwaye ziqale ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Ezinye izifo kunye nezinye iimeko zingonakalisa i-'DNA' yesibindi, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza.

Izinto Ezibangela Umngcipheko Womhlaza Wesibindi

Eyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza wesibindi kusulelo lwexesha elide olubangelwa yihepatitis B (HBV) okanye ihepatitis C (HCV). Olu sulelo lunokonakalisa isibindi luze lubangele isifo sesibindi.I-Cirrhosis yimeko apho isibindi siba lukhuni size sinciphe. Le meko inokukhokelela kumhlaza wesibindi kamva.

Kubalulekile: I-Hepatitis B kunye ne-C zizifo ezidluliselwa ngegazi kunye nolwelo lomzimba, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kuzo.

Kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi:

• Ukusela utywala kakhulu: Sonke siyazi ukuba ukusela utywala kakhulu akulunganga. Kungonakalisa isibindi, kubangele isifo sesibindi, kwanomhlaza.
• Isifo sesibindi esibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): Esi sisifo esibonwa kubantu abaninzi kule mihla. Ngamafutshane, kukuqokelelana kwamafutha esibindini. Oku nako, ukuba kuqhubeka ixesha elide, kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Ukwanda kobunzima kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kwamafutha esibindini nakwezinye iingxaki zempilo, nto leyo enokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza.
• Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile: Abantu abanesifo seswekile nabo banomngcipheko ophezulu kancinci wokuba nomhlaza wesibindi.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba: Njengokutshaya icuba, ukusetyenziswa kwecuba yimbangela yeentlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, kuquka nomhlaza wesibindi.

Oogqirha bawuxilonga njani umhlaza wesibindi?

Ukuba uneempawu zomhlaza wesibindi, okanye ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, xa ubona ugqirha, uya kuqala enze uvavanyo lomzimba . Uya kukubuza ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko, ungathunyelwa kwiimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• I-Angiogram: Le ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlola imithambo yegazi esibindini.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kukho uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo (olufana 'neempawu zesifo sephepha') ukujonga umhlaza. Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi nalo lwenziwa.
• I-CT scan: Oku kungathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zesibindi. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba.
• Uvavanyo lwe-ERCP: Olu vavanyo lungenziwa ukuba kukho urhanelwa lokuba nomhlaza we-bile duct (`Cholangiocarcinoma`).
• I-ultrasound yesibindi: Oku kukwathatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi kwesibindi.
• I-MRI: Oku kusebenzisa imagnethi enkulu, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukuthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yesibindi.

Ukuba olu vavanyo lwegazi kunye neeskeni zibonisa umhlaza wesibindi, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy yesibindi , eyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokuqinisekisa umhlaza.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza wesibindi?

Ukucwangcisa inqanaba yindlela oogqirha abanokuthi bafumanise ngayo ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani baze bacebe unyango ngokufanelekileyo. Inkqubo yokucwangcisa eqhelekileyo yomhlaza wesibindi yinkqubo yomhlaza wesibindi iBarcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) . Iqwalasela izinto ezifana neempawu, ukusebenza kwesibindi, kunye nobukhulu bethumba. Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo xa echaza la manqanaba kuwe. Umzekelo, iSigaba soku-1 ukuya kwiSigaba sesi-V, iSigaba soku-O ukuya ku-C, okanye "umhlaza wesigaba sokuqala" / "umhlaza wesigaba esiphambili." Makhe sijonge ngokulula:

• Inqanaba loku-1 / Inqanaba O / Inqanaba lokuqala kakhulu: Kukho ithumba elinye kuphela esibindini. Lingaphantsi kweesentimitha ezi-2 (malunga neesentimitha ezi-4/5). Uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa amanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-`(Bilirubin)`.
• Inqanaba lesiBini / Inqanaba A / Inqanaba lokuqala: Kukho ithumba elinye, elinokuba ziisentimitha ezi-5 (malunga neesentimitha ezi-2) ngobukhulu. Okanye, kunokubakho iithumba ezininzi ezincinci kuneesentimitha ezi-3 (malunga ne-intshi ezi-1 1/4). Oku kuquka iimeko apho umhlaza usasazeke kwimithambo yegazi.
• Inqanaba lesiThathu / Inqanaba B / Inqanaba eliPhakathi: Kukho ithumba elingaphezu kwelinye, kwaye/okanye ithumba elinye lingaphezulu kweesentimitha ezi-5. Umhlaza usenokuba usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes, kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu, okanye kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
• Inqanaba lesi-4 / Inqanaba C / Inqanaba eliphambili: Umhlaza usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba (njengemiphunga, amathambo).

Unyango lomhlaza wesibindi lunjani?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga umhlaza wesibindi. Ezinye zezonyango, ezinye zezotyando. Unyango lwezonyango lungabandakanya:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika amayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza.
• Ukwenziwa kwe-Chemoembolization: Ukunika i-chemotherapy ngqo ngemithambo yegazi enika ithumba igazi kwaye ivale loo mithambo yegazi.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba ukuze alwe neeseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lwemitha: Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa imitha enamandla aphezulu.
• Ukufakwa kwembewu encinci ene-radioactive kwithumba .
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Ukunika amayeza ajolise kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule kwaye zisasazeke.

Unyango lotyando lungabandakanya:

• Ukususwa kweeseli zomhlaza: Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa ubushushu, ukubanda kakhulu, okanye iikhemikhali.
• Ukususwa kwesibindi (i-hepatectomy): Ukususwa kwenxalenye yesibindi ngotyando kunye nethumba elinomhlaza.
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi: Ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwesibindi esinesifo kunye nokufakelwa kwesibindi esisempilweni.

Ngaba umhlaza wesibindi unganyangeka?

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi okuphumelelayo kunokunyanga umhlaza wesibindi. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofuna ukufakelwa kwesibindi onokuyifumana. Umzekelo, impilo yakhe isenokuba buthathaka kakhulu ukuba inganyamezela ukufakelwa. Kwakhona, kunokuba nzima ukufumana isibindi esifanelekileyo. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokunceda ukulawula umhlaza, zicothise ukusasazeka kwawo, kwaye zandise ubomi bomguli.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu onomhlaza wesibindi?

Nangona oku kuyinto abantu abaninzi abafuna ukuyazi, kunzima ukutsho ukuba ungaphila ixesha elingakanani na. Oku kungenxa yokuba kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nesigaba somhlaza, indlela osabela ngayo kunyango, kunye nempilo yesigulana iyonke. Abaphandi bahlala bephucula unyango lomhlaza wesibindi ukunceda abantu baphile ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaza wesibindi usesisifo esisongela ubomi. Ngokwezibalo (ezi ziidatha zaseMelika, imeko eSri Lanka inokwahluka), malunga ne-21% yabantu abane-`(HCC)` okanye `(IHC)` baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa. Kumhlaza wesigaba sokuqala (isigaba I okanye II), izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu limalunga ne-37%. Nangona kunjalo, liyehla liye kwi-13% kwisigaba III kunye ne-3% kwisigaba IV.

Khumbula, ezi zibalo ziluqikelelo nje oluqhelekileyo. Imeko yakho isenokuba yahlukile kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wezifo zomhlaza ngale nto uze ufumane ukuba yintoni enxulumene nawe.

Singenza ntoni ukuthintela umhlaza wesibindi?

Sisenokungakwazi ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo umhlaza wesibindi, kodwa kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wethu:

• Fumana ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Urhulumente ngoku ubonelela ngolu gonyo. Ukuba awukalufumani, buza ugqirha ngalo.
• Zikhusele kwiHepatitis C: Akukho gonyo leHepatitis C okwangoku. Ngoko ke, kuphephe ukudibana negazi elosulelekileyo. Musa ukusebenzisa iinaliti okanye iisirinji ezisetyenziswe ngabanye abantu.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, zama ukuyeka: Ukuba ufuna uncedo, buza iqela lakho lezonyango malunga neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya.
• Nciphisa okanye uyeke ukusela utywala: Ukusela utywala kakhulu kunokubangela isifo sesibindi kwaye kwandise umngcipheko womhlaza wesibindi.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo: Ukutyeba kakhulu yinto ebangela umngcipheko.
• Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa komhlaza wesibindi: Ukuba unesifo sesibindi, isifo seswekile, okanye ukutyeba kakhulu, okanye ukuba usela utywala kakhulu, kububulumko ukufumana uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo kunye ne-ultrasound yesibindi.

Umhlaza wesibindi oyintloko sisifo esibi kakhulu. Usenokuba sele ufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu xa ufunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza wesibindi. Iindlela zonyango zinqongophele. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kusebenzisa unyango ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungakhuli. Liza kukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho kwaye ligcine umgangatho wobomi bakho. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zonyango lomhlaza oqhubekileyo. Uza kukuxelela ngeenzuzo kunye nemiphumo emibi yokhetho ngalunye. Oku kuya kukunceda uzive uqinisekile ngokwenza izigqibo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika xa uthetha ngomhlaza wesibindi, kodwa ukuqonda yeyona nto inamandla amakhulu.

• Isibindi sisitho esibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Luxanduva lwethu ukusikhusela.
• Izizathu eziphambili zomhlaza wesibindi kusulelo lwe-hepatitis B no-C kunye ne-cirrhosis. Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo, ukutyeba kakhulu, kunye nesifo seswekile nazo zizinto ezibangela umngcipheko.
• Iimpawu zisenokungabonakali kwasekuqaleni, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba abantu abaneempawu ezibangela umngcipheko bahlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.
• Ngoku kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomhlaza wesibindi. Unyango olungcono lukhethwa ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lesifo kunye nemeko yesigulana.
• Ukuthintela yeyona nto ilungileyo. Fumana ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B kwaye ulandele indlela yokuphila esempilweni.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga noku, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha. Baza kukunceda. Ungaze uhlupheke wedwa, cela uncedo. Umhlaza wesibindi, isifo sentliziyo, i-hepatocellular carcinoma, i-HCC, i-cirrhosis, i-hepatitis B, i-hepatitis C, i-autoimmune