Ngaba unengxaki ngevalvu ye-mitral yentliziyo yakho? Masithethe ngeSifo seMitral Valve!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva intlungu esifubeni sakho, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwisantya sokubetha kwentliziyo yakho? Usenokucinga ukuba ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zobuthathaka obuthile kwivalvu ye-mitral entliziyweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesi sifo silula sevalvu ye-mitral (`Isifo seValvu yeMitral`) .

Yintoni ivalvu ye-mitral? Isebenza njani entliziyweni?

Ngamafutshane, intliziyo yakho sisitho esimangalisayo. Inamagumbi amane amakhulu. Ifana namagumbi endlwini. Njengoko igazi lihamba phakathi kwala magumbi, kukho amasango amancinci agcina igazi lihamba kwicala elinye kuphela. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba ziivalvu . Ivalvu ye-mitral iphakathi kwegumbi eliphezulu kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo yakho (i-atrium yasekhohlo) kunye negumbi elisezantsi (i-ventricle yasekhohlo). Ifana nesango elincinci. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuvumela igazi elineoksijini elivela emiphungeni ukuba lidlule ukusuka kwi-atrium yasekhohlo ukuya kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo. I-ventricle yasekhohlo emva koko ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Ivalvu ye-mitral ifana ne-traffic cop , ivumela igazi ukuba lihambe kwicala elinye kuphela kwaye lingabuyeli emva. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho into eyonakeleyo kule valve ye-mitral, okanye ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle, ibizwa ngokuba yiMitral Valve Disease . Oku kungenzeka ngequbuliso, okanye kunokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye abantu banokuzalwa benesi simo (sokuzalwa).

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo se-mitral valve?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zesifo se-mitral valve. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi. Cinga nge-mitral valve yakho njengomnyango oneziqwenga ezimbini (`amaphepha` okanye `cusps`). Ezi ziqwenga kufuneka zivuleke kwaye zivale kakuhle ukuze igazi lingene. 1. I-Mitral Valve Stenosis: Kulapho iziqwenga ziba nkulu, ziqine, kwaye zingavuli kakuhle. Oku kunciphisa indlela yegazi ukusuka kwi-atrium yasekhohlo ukuya kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo. Kufana nombhobho wamanzi ovalekileyo. Oku kwenza intliziyo isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. 2. I-Mitral Valve Prolapse: Kulapho iziqwenga ziba bhetyebhetye kakhulu, kwaye xa intliziyo ifinyela, ziphuma ziye kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Ziyawa njengelaphu elidala. Oku kunokubangela ukuba i-valve ingavali kakuhle. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ngamanye amaxesha igazi liqala ukuvuza ngasemva (`regurgitation`). 3. I-Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi- `` leaky valve`` okanye `` `mitral insufficiency``.Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiyo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba iiflaps zevalvu azivaleki kakuhle. Emva koko, elinye igazi elingene kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo livuza libuyele kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Kufana nomoya ophuma kwibhaluni ebhoboziweyo. Abanye abantu banokuba neentlobo ezingaphezu kwenye kwezi.

Ngubani ofumana isifo se-mitral valve? Sixhaphake kangakanani?

Esi sifo sinokuvela nanini na ubudala. Abanye abantwana bazalwa benale ngxaki. Abanye abantu abadala banokuyivela ngequbuliso, nokuba kungenxa yosulelo lwentliziyo okanye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo . Nangona kunjalo, idla ngokuvela kancinci kancinci kubantu abadala njengoko ivalvu ibuthathaka. Uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi -'Mitral Valve Prolapse' luxhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini. Nangona kunjalo, lunokuba yingozi ngakumbi ukuba luvela kumadoda, kuba banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-regurgitation enzima.

• I-Mitral Valve Stenosis ayixhaphakanga kangako kumazwe afana neMelika, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe apho i-rheumatic fever ixhaphake khona.
• I-Mitral Valve Prolapse ixhaphake kakhulu. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-33 eMelika unokuba nayo. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu oza kuba nokuvuza kwegazi okukhulu.
• Ukuphinda kusebenze iMitral Valve nako kuqhelekile. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabalishumi eMelika kuthiwa uvuza kwivalvu yentliziyo yakhe. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuvuza yivalvu yemitral.

Ziziphi iimpawu zesifo se-mitral valve?

Iimpawu ozifumanayo zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo se-mitral valve onaso kunye nobunzima baso. Ngamanye amaxesha usenokungabi nazimpawu konke konke . Okanye ungahlangabezana nezinto ezifana nezi:

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana.
• Ukukhwehlela , ngamanye amaxesha kunye negazi elincinci.
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka.
• Ukudinwa nokudinwa (` Ukudinwa` ) .
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo . Usenokuziva intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza okanye uve isandi sentliziyo yakho ibetha.
• Abanye abantu banokufumana iintloko ezibuhlungu .
• Ingxaki ebizwa ngokuba yi "Mitral facies." Kulapho izidlele zibonakala zinombala opinki-mfusa.
• "I-Orthostatic hypotension" (`I-Orthostatic hypotension`) . Oko kuthetha ukulala ngequbuliso xa umile.Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi .
• Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo , ingakumbi xa udiniwe okanye xa ulele.
• Ukudumba kwemilenze, amaqatha, neenyawo .

Ezi mpawu zinokunxulunyaniswa nezinye iimeko zentliziyo (i-atrial fibrillation, ukusilela kwentliziyo).

Ziziphi izizathu zesifo se-mitral valve?

Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zoku. Makhe sijonge ezona ziphambili:

• Iziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo: Abanye abantu bazalwa beneengxaki zevalvu ye-mitral.
• Iingxaki zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo: Imizekelo ibandakanya iimeko ezifana neMarfan syndrome kunye ne -Ehlers-Danlos syndrome .
• Usulelo lwentliziyo (endocarditis): Usulelo olungaphakathi entliziyweni lunokonakalisa iivalvu.
• Ukwanda kwe-ventricular yasekhohlo: Oku kunokubangelwa kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye imeko efana ne -cardiomyopathy (ukuba buthathaka kwemisipha yentliziyo).
• Ukwaluphala: Njengoko ukhula, i-calcium inokuqokelelwa kwiivalvu zentliziyo yakho. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iivalvu zibe nkulu kwaye zingasebenzi kakuhle.
• Unyango ngemitha: Abantu abaye bafumana unyango ngemitha esifubeni banokufumana umonakalo kwivalvu yentliziyo emva kweminyaka eli-10-20.
• Umkhuhlane werheumatic: Lo ngumkhuhlane obangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktheriya. Ukuba awunyangwa kakuhle, unokonakalisa iivalvu zentliziyo kangangeminyaka. Ngaphambili, lo yayingunobangela oyintloko weMitral Valve Stenosis. Ngoku, ngenxa yee-antibiotics, oku kuye kwehla kakhulu.

Isifo se-mitral valve sichongwa njani?

Oku kunokufunyanwa kuphela ngugqirha okuhlolayo aze enze uvavanyo oluthile.

Uvavanyo lomzimba

Ugqirha uza kubeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho aze amamele izandi zentliziyo yakho. Emva koko baza kukhangela izandi ezithile (ukumbombozela) ezinxulumene neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo se-mitral valve.

• Kwi -`Mitral Valve Stenosis` : Usenokuva isandi njengoko igazi lidlula kwivalvu encitshisiweyo kunye nesandi esithi ``snap`` njengoko ivalvu ivuleka.
• Kwi -'Mitral Valve Prolapse' : Isandi esithi 'click' sinokuvakala, silandelwe yi-'murmur'. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'click-murmur syndrome'.
• Kwi -'Mitral Valve Regurgitation' : Kuvakala 'i-murmur' njengoko igazi livuza umva.

Ukongeza, baza kubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho onesifo sentliziyo.

Uvavanyo lokuxilonga

I-echocardiogram (i-echo) lolona vavanyo lubalaseleyo koku. Ingajonga izinto ezininzi, njengemeko yeevalvu zentliziyo, ubungakanani bentliziyo, kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo. Kufana ne-ultrasound scan. Ukongeza, ingenza iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• I-Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG): Le yindlela yokulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba i-ventricle yasekhohlo iyanda na kunye nokuqokelelana kolwelo emiphungeni.
• Ukufakwa kweCatheterization yentliziyo: Ityhubhu encinci ifakwa entliziyweni ngemithambo yegazi ukuze kulinganiswe uxinzelelo ngaphakathi entliziyweni. Oku kunokunceda ukujonga ukuba akukho stenosis yevalvu ye-mitral. Oku kwenziwa nangaphambi kotyando ukujonga iingxaki kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo.

Isifo se-mitral valve sinyangwa njani?

Ukuba awunazo iimpawu, mhlawumbi awudingi nyango. Ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga rhoqo aze ajonge imeko yakho. Ukuba uneempawu, kuya kufuneka zinyangwe. Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nemeko yakho, ubudala, kunye nokuba unezinye iimeko zempilo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili:

• Amayeza:

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho. Umzekelo, amayeza okukhupha isisu, ii-beta-blockers okanye ii-calcium channel blockers , kunye namayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi. Banokukunika amayeza okunciphisa igazi okanye amayeza okunciphisa ukugabha kwegazi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokugabha kwegazi.

• `Unyango lweValvotomi yeBhaluni`:

Oku kwenzelwa abantu abane-'Mitral Valve Stenosis'. I-catheter encinci efana nebhaluni idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi iye entliziyweni, kwaye ibhaluni iyafuthwa kufutshane nevalvu evalekileyo, ivule ivalvu kwaye yandise indlela yokuhamba kwegazi.

• Utyando lokulungisa ivalvu yeMitral:

Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, oogqirha bazama ukulungisa ivalvu endaweni yokuyisusa. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ugcine ivalvu yakho kwaye uphephe ezinye zeengxaki eziza nevalvu yokwenziwa.

• Utyando lokutshintsha ivalvu ye-Mitral:

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ivalvu yonakele kakhulu ukuba ingalungiswa, kufuneka isuswe kuze kufakwe ivalvu yokwenziwa.

• Utyando olungena kakhulu (`Ukulungiswa kwevalvu ye-mitral engaphantsi kakhulu`):

Ezi ndlela zivumela ukuba umntu alulame ngokukhawuleza kuba utyando lwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci endaweni yokusikwa okukhulu. Kukho iindlela ezifana ne -'Right mini-thoracotomy' , 'partial upper sternotomy' , kunye ne -'robotically-assisted repair' .

• Ukungenelela kwe-Percutaneous:

Ezi ziindlela zonyango ezisebenzisa i-catheter. Zifanelekile kakhulu kubantu abaneentliziyo ezinkulu nezibuthathaka. Kubantu abane-'Mitral Valve Regurgitation', isixhobo esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yi -'MitraClip™' sinokunxitywa kwivalvu, siyenze ivaleke kakuhle kwaye sinciphise ukuphuma kwegazi.

• Ukutshintshwa kwevalvu ye-mitral ye-percutaneous:

Kwabo basengozini enkulu yotyando kodwa benesivalo esifanelekileyo, ivalvu entsha ngamanye amaxesha ifakwa ngaphakathi kwivalvu endala, enesifo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxoxa nogqirha wakho ngendlela yonyango efanelekileyo kuwe.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngexesha lonyango

Olu tyando kunye nonyango ngokubanzi luphumelela kakhulu. Umngcipheko weengxaki uphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, njengalo naluphi na utyando lwentliziyo, oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (`Arrhythmia`)
• Ukopha
• Amahlwili egazi
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ibhloko yentliziyo
• Usulelo

Ezi ngozi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kunyango olufumanayo kunye nemeko yakho yempilo, ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.

Ngaba isifo se-mitral valve singathintelwa?

Kudla ngokuba nzima ukuthintela ezi zifo zevalvu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho njengoko ukhula:

• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni. Iluncedo kakhulu kwintliziyo yakho nakwimithambo yegazi.
• Sela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane achazwe ngugqirha wakho kwizinto ezifana ne-strep throat okanye i-scarlet fever kanye ngexesha elimiselweyo.
• Bona ugqirha ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe impilo yakho .

Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa, thetha nogqirha wakho ngezinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko womntwana wakho wokuba nesiphene sentliziyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kukucebisa ukuba ungatshayi, utywala, kunye neziyobisi. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onembali yesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sezicubu ezidityanisiweyo, unokufuna ukuqwalasela uvavanyo lwemfuza .

Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani unesifo se-mitral valve?

Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lwesifo onaso, ubukhali baso, umonakalo owenze entliziyweni yakho, kunye nexesha ofumana ngalo unyango. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho ngemeko yakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo se-mitral valve, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko . Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunokunceda ukuthintela iingxaki ezinkulu kamva. Ukuba imeko yakho incinci, ugqirha wakho uya kukucela ukuba uze rhoqo ukujonga imeko yakho. Ungalibali ukuya kutyelelo olulandelayo emva konyango.

Amatyala afuna unyango olungxamisekileyo

Ukuba kwenzeka into efana nale, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwisibhedlele esikufutshane:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni.
• Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, isiyezi, okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu.
• Ukuba intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungacwangciswanga.
• Ubunzima obukhulu ngequbuliso bokuphefumla.
• Ukuba ufumana isiphumo esingalindelekanga esivela kumayeza owaselayo.

Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi (i-anticoagulants), funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba uyawa. Kubalulekile ukuya kuhlolwa, nokuba awuboni zimpawu zomonakalo ngaphandle, kuba kukho umngcipheko wokopha ngaphakathi.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Wakuba ufunyenwe unesifo se-mitral valve, kubalulekile ukufunda okungakumbi ngaso. Buza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Imeko yam imbi kangakanani?
• Ngaba oku kuya kuba kubi ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndityandwe? Ukuba kunjalo, nini?
• Ngaba ndingenza utyando oluncinci okanye unyango nge-catheter?
• Ngaba ivalvu yam ingalungiswa, okanye kufuneka ndifumane ivalvu entsha?
• Injani inkqubo yonyango?
• Zithini iingozi kunye neenzuzo zolu nyango?
• Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha?
• Kufuneka ndize kangaphi ukuze ndilandelelwe?
• Ngaba kuza kufuneka ndithathe amayeza ngoku okanye emva konyango? Ixesha elingakanani?
• Zeziphi iinguqu ekufuneka ndizenze kwindlela endiphila ngayo?

Ukulungiswa kweevalvu yinkqubo enzima, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana ingcali enamava.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika iingcebiso ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho. Ngokubanzi, ezi zinto zibalulekile:

• Sela amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe.
• Lumka kakuhle amazinyo neentsini zakho. (Impilo yomlomo nayo iyayichaphazela intliziyo)
• Zilolonge njengoko ugqirha esitsho.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya, utywala, kunye neziyobisi.
• Lawula uxinzelelo .
• Lala kamnandi.

Hlaziya ikhadi lakho lolwazi lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo.

Ukuba unesifo sevalvu, kufuneka uxelele bonke oogqirha bakho kunye noogqirha bamazinyo. Kusenokufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba wenze ezinye iinkqubo zamazinyo okanye zonyango. Kubaluleke kakhulu nokuba nekhadi lolwazi lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo kuwe. Kufuneka libe nolwazi olulandelayo:

• Igama lakho elipheleleyo kunye nomhla wokuzalwa.
• Inombolo yefowuni yomntu oza kumazisa xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
• Iinkcukacha zogqirha wakho oyintloko.
• I-allergies yakho.
• Lonke iyeza oliselayo.
• Uhlobo lwesifo sevalvu onaso.
• Ngaba uyilungisile okanye uyitshintshile ivalvu?
• Nokuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi.

Ukuba awazi ukuba ungakwenza njani oku, buza ugqirha wakho. Ungazibhala ezi nkcukacha kwikhadi elincinci uze uzigcine ebhegini okanye esipajini sakho.

Okokugqibela, kufuneka ndithi... (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo se-valve ye-Mitral asichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo iimpawu. Abanye banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo kwaye ubeke iliso kwimpilo yakho. Xelela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho. Nangona isifo se-valve singenakuthintelwa kwiimeko ezininzi, ukwamkela indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo kunokunceda ukugcina kungekuphela nje ii-valve zakho kodwa nentliziyo yakho yonke iphilile. Ungakhathazeki, ngeengcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kunye nonyango, nawe ungayilawula le meko kakuhle kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni! Isifo se-Mitral Valve, Isifo sentliziyo, Isifo se-Valve, Ubunzima bokuphefumla, Intlungu yesifuba, Utyando lwentliziyo, Isifo se-Mitral Valve