Ngaba ulahlekelwe zingqondo emva kokusela ii-opioid ezininzi kakhulu? (Ukusebenzisa i-opioid ngokugqithisileyo) - Masithethe ngale meko iyingozi!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngee-painkillers ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Opioids)`. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banika ezi pilisi xa kukho iintlungu ezinzima. Kodwa ukuba azisetyenziswanga kakuhle, okanye ukuba zisetyenziswa kakhulu, zinokuba yingozi kakhulu ebomini bakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-`(Opioid Overdose)`, imeko eyingozi ebangelwa kukuthatha ii-opioids ezininzi. Le yinto enzulu kakhulu, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Iyintoni le opioid overdose, ngokutsho nje?

Ngamafutshane, i-`(Opioid Overdose)` kuxa ubungakanani be-`(Opioids)` esibuthathayo busiba buninzi kakhulu kangangokuba inxalenye yengqondo yethu elawula ukuphefumla ayikwazi ukuyiphatha. Cinga ngayo, ingqondo yethu ilawula ukuphefumla. Xa sithatha i-`(Opioids)` eninzi kakhulu, olo lawulo luyalahleka. Emva koko ukuphefumla kuyehla, okanye kungayeka ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekufeni ukuba akunyangelwanga ngexesha .

Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba uthatha i-opioid eninzi kakhulu echazwe ngugqirha, okanye ukuba uthatha i-opioid ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (umzekelo, leyo abanye abantu bayisebenzisa ngasese xa besenza iintlungu). Oko kuthetha ukuba "uninzi kakhulu" kunokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni umzimba wakho unyamezela njani iyeza kunye nobungakanani be-opioid oyithathayo. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba yintoni ekhuselekileyo kunye neyingozi. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza akho kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ewanike wona, okanye ukuphepha ukusebenzisa nantoni na ongayaziyo idosi echanekileyo.

Le yingxamiseko yezonyango . Iyoyikisa, kodwa ukwazi into omawuyenze kunokusindisa ubomi. Unyango olungxamisekileyo lokusebenzisa i-opioid overdose, olubizwa ngokuba yi-reversible medication, lunokunceda ukulawula imeko. Nangona kunjalo, nasemva konyango olungxamisekileyo, kusafuneka ubone ugqirha ukuze ubone ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki.

Zithini iimpawu zokusebenzisa i-opioid overdose?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge iimpawu zokuba umntu ukhe waba ne-`(Opioid Overdose)`. Ukuba uzibona ezi , kufuneka wenze ngokukhawuleza . Ukuze kube yinyani, ukuba ubona enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kufuneka uzithathele ingqalelo.

• Amalungu ayafa , njengelaphu, kwaye umzimba uphelelwa ngamandla.
• Imilebe kunye neenzipho ziyajika zibe mhlophe zize zibe nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomfusa. Oku kungenxa yokuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
• Ulusu luyabanda kwaye lube manzi, ngokungathi lubile .
• Isantya sentliziyo kunye nokuphefumla kuyacotha , ngamanye amaxesha kuyeke. Ukuphefumla kusenokucotha kakhulu kwaye kungabi nzulu.
• Usenokuva isandi sokugquma okanye isandi sokugquma siphuma emlonyeni wakho . Oku kungenxa yokuba kunzima ukuphefumla.
• Iimbombo zamehlo ziba ncinci kakhulu , njengencam yepini. Olu luphawu olukhulu lwee-opioids.
• Ukungaphenduli, ukungaqondi, ukungaphenduli xa uthethwa okanye ushukunyiswa. Nokuba uthetha okanye ushukunyiswa kangakanani na, awuyi kuvuka.
• Ukuhlanza.

Ukuba uneyeza lokubuyisela umva i-opioid overdose, linike ngoko nangoko . Emva koko fowunela u-1990 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko.

Kutheni kukho ukudlula i-opioid? Zithini izizathu?

Olu hlobo lokuthatha i-overdose lunokwenzeka xa uthatha ii-opioids ngendlela umzimba wakho ongayiqhelanga. Jonga le mizekelo:

• Ukuthatha i-opioid eninzi ngokungazi. Umzekelo, ngamanye amaxesha uthatha ipilisi oyinikwe ngugqirha ngenxa yentlungu, ulibale ukuba uyithathile, uze uthabathe enye. Okanye, uthatha iipilisi ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngaxeshanye kuba ufuna ukunciphisa intlungu ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuxuba ubuncinane i-opioid enye nelinye iyeza okanye amayeza abangela ukozela. Umzekelo, ukuxuba ii-opioids notywala okanye iipilisi zokulala kuyingozi kakhulu.
• Ukusela ii-opioids ezingaphezulu kunokuba umzimba wakho unokuzinyamezela kubizwa ngokuba kukunyamezela. Xa umntu eqhubeka nokusebenzisa ii-opioids, umzimba wakhe uyaqhelana nazo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha idosi enkulu ngaxeshanye, okanye ukuyeka okwethutyana uze uphinde uthathe idosi efanayo, kunokukhokelela ekugqithiseni.
• Ukusebenzisa ii-opioids ezimiselwe omnye umntu. Kukwayingozi enkulu ukucinga ukuba isithomalalisi sentlungu esinikwe umhlobo okanye ilungu losapho sifanelekile kuwe, kuba idosi emiselwe loo mntu isenokungafaneleki kuwe.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokusebenzisa i-opioid ngokugqithisileyo?

Nabani na osebenzisa ii-opioids unokuba ne-overdose. Nokuba uthatha i-opioid okokuqala okanye usebenzisa rhoqo, umngcipheko usekhona. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto zilandelayo ziyandisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala, umngcipheko uba mkhulu njengoko umzimba ucotha ukucola amayeza njengoko ukhula.
• Ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Opioid Use Disorder)` (oko kukuthi, ukuba uxhomekeke kwi-`(Opioids)`).
• Ukuba uthatha ii-opioids ngokujova, umngcipheko wokusebenzisa kakhulu iziyobisi uphezulu kuba iyeza lingena egazini ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba uthatha iidosi ezinkulu ze-opioids.
• Ukuba uyeka ukusebenzisa ii-opioid okwethutyana uze uqale kwakhona, ukunyamezela komzimba wakho kusenokuba kwehlile. Emva koko usenokungakwazi ukunyamezela idosi efanayo owawuyithathile ngaphambili.
• Ukuba uneemeko ezithile zempilo ezichaphazela ukuphefumla okanye amandla omzimba okunyamezela ii-opioids. Imizekelo ibandakanya: I-Sleep Apnea, i-HIV, isifo semiphunga, kunye nesifo sesibindi.
• Ukuba usebenzisa amayeza okuthomalalisa umzimba, anjenge-benzodiazepines, kunye nee-opioids, zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kuba zombini ziyacothisa ukuphefumla kwakho.
• Ukuba usebenzisa izinto ezivuselela ingqondo, ezifana nee-amphetamines kunye ne-methamphetamine, kunye nee-opioids.

Uphando lubonise ukuba ukuba ukhe wasebenzisa i-overdose kanye, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nenye ebomini bakho.

Okubalulekileyo, kunzima ukwazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ekwii-opioids ezingezizo ezonyango (oko kukuthi, ezo zifumaneka esitalatweni okanye ezithengiswa ngokungekho mthethweni) ozithengayo ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Ngenxa yokuba azilawulwa, amandla azo anokwahluka. Zinokuxutywa nezinye iziyobisi, ezifana ne-heroin, i-fentanyl (iyeza elinamandla kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha elisetyenziswa njengeyeza lokuthomalalisa iintlungu, kodwa ngomlinganiselo omncinci kakhulu), okanye i-carfentanil ( iyeza elinamandla kakhulu elisetyenziselwa ukulala izilwanyana ezinkulu). Oku kungaqiniseki kwandisa umngcipheko wokugqithisa kakhulu kunye nokufa. Kwakhona, iipilisi ozifumana kumhlobo okanye komnye umntu zinokubonakala ngathi liyeza elikhuselekileyo, kodwa zinokuba nedosi ebulalayo yee-opioids ezingezizo ezonyango, ezifana ne-fentanyl.

Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni xa usebenzisa i-opioid overdose?

Ii-opioids zinamathela kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho bethu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-receptors. Ezi receptors zithumela imiqondiso kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ukuze ziqhubeke nokuphefumla. Ii-opioids zivala ezi signals. Cinga ngayo njengomgca wefowuni, kwaye ii-opioids zivala loo mgca. Oku kucothisa ukuphefumla kwaye ekugqibeleni kuyeke. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukusilela kokuphefumla.

Imizimba yethu ifuna ioksijini ukuze iphile. Xa siyeka ukuphefumla, imizimba yethu ayifumani oksijini eyaneleyo. Kwimizuzu nje embalwa emva kokuba ingafumani oksijini eyaneleyo, iiseli zengqondo ziqala ukufa. Yiyo loo nto oku kuyingozi kangaka.

Ukunyanga i-overdose ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka kunokuthintela ukufa kunye neengxaki ezinzima ezifana nokukhubazeka okukhulu okanye ukonakala kwengqondo. Ngoko ke umzuzwana ngamnye ubalulekile.

Oogqirha bayibona kwaye bayiphatha njani i-opioid overdose?

Ngokwesiqhelo, abo basabela kuqala (njenge-Suwaseriya Ambulance Service ka-1990) okanye ababoneleli bezempilo bajonga iimpawu zokusebenzisa kakhulu iziyobisi, baze bafumane ulwazi kubahlobo nakwiintsapho ezazikufutshane ngexesha lesiganeko. Ekubeni ungekho zingqondweni ngexesha lokusebenzisa kakhulu iziyobisi, baya kujonga indawo okuyo baze bajonge naziphi na izinto, ezifana neebhotile zamayeza kunye neesirinji.

Ukuba iinkonzo zongxamiseko zirhanela ukuba kukho ukugqithisa,I-Naloxone inikwa. Olu lunyango olungxamisekileyo olusindisa ubomi xa ufumene i-opioid overdose. Ukuba iimpawu zakho (ingakumbi ukuphefumla) ziyancipha emva kokuba unikwe eli yeza, oko kuqinisekisa ukuba ukhe wasebenzisa i-opioid overdose.

Esibhedlele, oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo lwamayeza (umchamo okanye uvavanyo lwegazi) ukuze bafumane isifo. Banokwenza nolunye uvavanyo ukuze bajonge impilo yakho, bajonge ezinye iimpawu, okanye bajonge ezinye iimeko ezinokufuna unyango.

Iyeza elisindisa ubomi iNaloxone

I-Naloxone (igama lophawu iNarcan®) kunye ne -nalmefene zezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango olungxamisekileyo xa ugqithisile. La mayeza enza oku kulandelayo:

• Iziphumo ze-opioids zisuswa ngokukhawuleza kwii-receptors zobuchopho, zibuyisela umva okanye zithintele iziphumo zazo.
• Ukuphefumla okuqhelekileyo kubuyiselwa kwimizuzu emibini ukuya kwemihlanu.
• Ezi ziza njenge-spray yempumlo okanye i-injection. ESri Lanka, i-injection isetyenziswa kakhulu.

Kodwa khumbula into enye, iNaloxone isebenza imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-90 kuphela. Emva kwelo xesha, iziphumo zokusebenzisa i-overdose zingabuya, kuba kusenokuba kukho ii-opioids emzimbeni. Ke ngoko, ngelixa ulinde iinkonzo zongxamiseko ukuba zifike, kusenokufuneka ukuba unike enye idosi yeNaloxone. Yiyo loo nto kuthiwa nokuba iNaloxone inikwe, ukulaliswa esibhedlele kuyimfuneko .

(Iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-``(Nalmefene)`` lisetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo zonyango ngaphandle kwe-United States, kwaye lisebenza ixesha elide kune-``(Naloxone)``.)

Wakufika esibhedlele, oogqirha banokukunika unyango olongezelelweyo, olufana nokufaka ityhubhu yokuphefumla (ukufaka ityhubhu yokuphefumla) ukukunceda uphefumle. Baza kujonga neminye imisebenzi yomzimba baze banikezele ngolunye unyango njengoko kufuneka.

Ungasinda njani xa usela i-opioid ngokugqithisileyo? Ngaba kukho iindlela zokuyithintela?

Ewe, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokusebenzisa i-overdose. Ngokulandela ezi ndlela, unokuzikhusela wena kunye nabanye:

• Kuphephe ukuxuba ii-opioids nezinye iziyobisi, ingakumbi utywala okanye izinto ezithomalalisayo ezifana ne-benzodiazepines.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo usebenzisa ii-opioids okanye unengxaki yokusebenzisa ii-opioid, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ne-naloxone. Kwamanye amazwe, ungayifumana kwiikhemesti. ESri Lanka, idla ngokufumaneka kwizibhedlele.
• Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, qiniseka ukuba kukho omnye umntu okuwe xa usebenzisa ii-opioids (ingakumbi ezo zingekho mthethweni). Ngale ndlela, kuya kubakho umntu onokukunceda ukuba ugqithisile.
• Gcina amayeza asekhaya, ingakumbi amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana nee-opioid, kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, etshixiweyo kude nabantwana okanye nabanye abantu.
• Fundisa usapho nabahlobo into abanokuyenza xa besebenzisa iziyobisi ezigqithisileyo. Bafundise indlela yokubona iimpawu, indlela yokufowunela i-911, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa iNaloxone ukuba ikhona.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unengxaki yokusebenzisa i-opioid okanye usemngciphekweni wokusebenzisa i-overdose, nceda uqhagamshelane noncedo . Kukho izixhobo zonyango kunye neenkonzo zokunika iingcebiso ezifumanekayo ukukunceda ufumane unyango olufunayo. Musa ukuba neentloni okanye ukoyika.

Yintoni omele uyenze xa ubona umntu onesifo sokusebenzisa i-opioid ngokugqithisileyo?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu usele kakhulu, yenza ezi zinto ngoko nangoko :

1. Fowunela u-1990 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko. Chaza indawo yesiganeko kunye nemeko yesigulana ngokucacileyo.

2. Ukuba uneNaloxone, yinike njengoko kuyalelwe.

3. Mgcine ephaphile, zama ukumnceda aphefumle. Xela igama lakhe, ucofe kancinci egxalabeni lakhe. Ukuba akaphenduli, qinisa amanqindi akho uze uhlikihle ithambo lakhe lesifuba (`(sternum)`) ngokuqinileyo (`(sternum rub)`). Oku kubuhlungu kancinci, kodwa unokubuyela engqondweni.

4. Mjike ambeke ecaleni (kwindawo yokuchacha) ukuze angakrwitshwa. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukuhlanza ukuba kungangeni kwindlela yomoya.

5. Hlala naye de kufike uncedo. Musa ukumshiya yedwa. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fumana ulwazi ngamayeza namayeza awasebenzisileyo. Oko kuya kuba luncedo koogqirha.

Ukugqithisa i-opioid kunokuba ngamava othusayo, nokuba uyayibona okanye uyayibona ngokwakho. Awuwedwa. Nokuba ufuna umntu oza kuthetha naye ngokwenzekileyo okanye ufuna unyango lwe-opioid use disorder, kukho abantu abanokukunceda. Amaqela enkxaso kunye neenkqubo zonyango zinokukunceda ukuba uphinde ufumane impilo yakho kwaye zikukhusele kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo, thetha nogqirha okanye umntu omthembayo. Bakho ukukunceda.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ndiyathemba ukuba ungakhumbula izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako namhlanje.

• Ukuthatha i-opioid ngokugqithisileyo yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi , kodwa inyathelo elikhawulezileyo linokusindisa ubomi.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela iimpawu, ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa iNaloxone (ukuba ikhona), kunye nokufowunela iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngoko nangoko, njengakwi-1990.
• Ukuba usebenzisa ii-opioids, funda ngeendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokunciphisa iingozi zakho . Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngqo. Musa ukusebenzisa ii-opioids ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.
• Ukuba ufuna uncedo, ungoyiki ukulucela. Kukho unyango lweengxaki zokusebenzisa i-opioid.
• Ukhuseleko lwakho kunye nabantu obathandayo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kuba luncedo kuwe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala ukhuselekile kwimeko eyingozi kangaka.

I- Opioid Overdose, I-Opioid Overdose, i-Naloxone, i-Naloxone, Amayeza, Unyango oluNgxamisekileyo, Ukusindisa ubomi