Ngaba uyawuva lo mahluko emehlweni akho? Makhe sithethe ngePapilledema!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uphathwa ziintloko ezibuhlungu , uzive ngathi ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona emehlweni omabini? Okanye ngamanye amaxesha ubona izinto zimbini? Ukuba unale mpawu, isenokuba luphawu lwemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-papilledema. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngayo ngokulula.

Yintoni iPapilledema?

Ngamafutshane, i-papilledema kukudumba kwediski ye-optic emehlweni akho omabini . Oku kubangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo lwe -intracranial . Khawuthelekelele, kukho ulwelo olumanzi olujikeleze ubuchopho bethu kwaye luyehla kwi-spinal cord. Silubiza ngokuba yi -Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) . Olu lwelo luhlala luveliswa kwaye lufunxwa ngumzimba. Oku kukukhusela ubuchopho bethu ekuqhutyelweni nakwiingozi ezincinci. Kufana 'ne-shock absorbers' emotweni. Ngoku, ukuba olu lwelo lwe-'CSF' alufunxwa kakuhle kwaye luqokelelane, okanye ukuba luqokelelana ngaphakathi kwengqondo ngesizathu esithile, uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwekhakayi luyanda kancinci kancinci. Olu xinzelelo lukhulayo lubangela ukuba i-optic nerve , edibanisa iliso kunye nengqondo, icinezelwe kwaye ingcambu yayo, i-optic disc, idumbe. I-optic disc kulapho i-optic nerve ingena khona elisweni. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwekhakayi lukhula , i-bilateral papilledema iyenzeka. Oku kuthetha ukuba iingcambu ze-optic nerve emehlweni omabini ziyadumba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ingcambu ye-optic nerve kwiliso elinye kuphela (elicala elinye) iyavuvukala, siyibiza ngokuba yi-'optic disc edema' . Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwekhakayi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba le meko ebizwa ngokuba yi-papilledema ingathathwa njengengxamiseko yezonyango . Kuba ukunyuka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwekhakayi yingxaki enzulu enokuthi ngamanye amaxesha ibe yingozi ebomini.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko ye-papilloedema?

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-papilloedema , ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-44 abane-body mass index (BMI) engama-25 nangaphezulu, etyebe kancinci, okanye i-BMI engama-30 nangaphezulu, etyebe kakhulu . Kufunyenwe ukuba malunga ne-13 kubantu abayi-100,000 kwelo qela banokufumana le meko. Nangona kunjalo, kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, le meko ayixhaphakanga kangako. Ixelwa ngaphantsi komnye kubantu abayi-100,000 (0.9) kubemi bonke. Ngoko ke, ayisosifo esichaphazela wonke umntu, kodwa yinto ekufuneka iqwalaselwe nokuba ngubani oyifumanayo.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko ye-papilloedema?

Ngamanye amaxesha usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu (azibonakali).I-Papilledema inokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa:

• Intloko ebuhlungu: Olu luphawu oluphambili. Intloko ebuhlungu ehambisana ne-papilledema ivakala kakhulu xa uvuka kusasa okanye xa ulele . Ingavakala ngathi intloko yakho icinezelwa ngaphakathi.
• Ukufiphala kokubona okwethutyana: Olu luphawu oluthile. Ngequbuliso , ixesha elifutshane, njengemizuzwana emi-5 ukuya kweli-15, nokuba liliso elinye (elicala elinye) okanye omabini amehlo (amacala amabini) ayafiphala, abe ngwevu, okanye abe mnyama . Oku kufana nenyanga egquma ilanga ngexesha lokusithwa kwelanga. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa utshintsha indawo, umzekelo, xa umi okanye uhlala phantsi.
• Ukubona kabini (iDiplopia): Uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo ngaphakathi kwentloko yokakayi ngamanye amaxesha lunokuchaphazela imithambo-luvo elawula izihlunu ezishukumisa amehlo (i-cranial nerve palsy) . Kulapho into enye ibonakala ngathi zimbini.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Ezi mpawu zinokwenzeka kunye nentloko ebuhlungu.
• Ezinye iimpawu ze-neurological: Abanye abantu banokufumana ubunzima bokuhamba kunye notshintsho kwindlela abacinga ngayo.

Khumbula, ukuba le meko ayinyangwa kakuhle, umbono unokuwohloka kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Khawuthelekelele, kukho ibhinqa eliselula eligama linguNimali. Lityebile kancinci. Kangangeenyanga eziliqela, belisoloko liphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu xa livuka kusasa. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa livuka nje, umbono walo uba mnyama imizuzwana embalwa. Lalicinga ukuba kukudinwa nje. Kodwa ngenye imini, ngequbuliso laqala ukubona izinto ngeendlela ezimbini. Kulapho laqala khona ukoyika laza laya kugqirha. Kuphela xa ugqirha wayelihlola amehlo alo apho lafumanisa ukuba line-papilloedema.

Yintoni ebangela i-papilloedema?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-papilledema ibangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwentloko . Ngoko ke, kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba olu xinzelelo lunokwanda:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi olubi: Ukuba unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo, lusenokuba ngunobangela woku.
• Iithumba: Iintlobo ezithile zeethumba ezikhula engqondweni okanye ezijikeleze ingqondo zinokubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu.
• Usulelo, ukopha, okanye ukudumba/ukudumba kwengqondo kunye ne-meninges: Ukuba kukho usulelo, ukopha, okanye ukudumba kwengqondo okanye ii-membranes ezigubungela ingqondo kunye nomqolo (meninges), oko kunokubangela uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo.
• I-Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis:Ukuba ihlwili legazi lenzeka kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu (umthambo) engqondweni, linokuthintela ukuhamba kolwelo lwe-CSF, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uxinzelelo lunyuke.
• I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron: Oku kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kunxulunyaniswa.
• Amayeza athile: Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile nako kunokuchaphazela oku. Umzekelo, i-Retin-A kunye ne-retinoids (amayeza anxulumene ne-vitamin A), ukutya i-vitamin A ngokugqithisileyo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane e-tetracycline, usulelo lwe-COVID-19, kunye ne-corticosteroids (amayeza e-steroid) nazo ziye zaxelwa ukuba zinxulumene noku.
• Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH): Ngamanye amaxesha uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwikhakayi luyanda, kodwa akukho sizathu sicacileyo sinokufunyanwa. Igama elithi ``idiopathic`` lithetha ``isizathu esingaziwayo``. Le meko ``IIH`` ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abancinci nabatyebileyo.

Ingaba i-papilloedema idluliselwa kwilifa?

Hayi, i-papilloedema ayisosifo esizuzwa njengelifa .

Ngaba i-migraine ibangela i-papilledema?

Hayi, i-papilledema ayibangelwa yi-migraine. Nangona kunjalo, umntu one-papilledema unokufumana iintloko ezibuhlungu ezifana ne-migraine. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye.

Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo i-papilledema?

Ukuba uneempawu ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu kunye notshintsho lombono, usenokufunyaniswa ukuba une-papilledema xa ubona ugqirha. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kuqala ahlole amehlo akho. Unokwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo, olufana novavanyo lwentsimi yokubona . Emva koko angakhangela ukudumba kwidiski yakho ye-optic. Ukuba idiski ye-optic ibonakala idumbile, uya kuthunyelwa kuvavanyo lwemifanekiso . Oku kudla ngokuba yi-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) . Oku kunokukhangela iithumba okanye ukopha ebuchotsheni. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukuba kufakwe i-lumbar puncture (spinal tap) . Oku kunokujonga uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwikhaka kunye nosulelo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukujonga izinto ezifana namanqanaba esinyithi.

Ubunzima be-papilledema bulinganiswa njani?

Oogqirha basebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yiFrisén scale ukulinganisa ubunzima be-papilledema. Inezigaba ezahlukeneyo.

• Ibanga 0: Ingcambu yemithambo-luvo ye-optic iqhelekile, kodwa imiphetho ingabonakala ingacacanga kancinci.
• Kwinqanaba eliphezulu njengeBakala V:Ingcambu yemithambo-luvo yonke idumbile kwaye iyavuvukala. Ukudumba kukhulu kangangokuba imithambo yegazi ephumayo nephumayo ayibonakali ngokucacileyo.

Ngamafutshane, la manqanaba abonisa ukuba ukudumba kukhulu kangakanani.

Iphathwa njani i-papilloedema?

Unyango lwe-papilledema luxhomekeke kwisizathu .

• Ukuba i-papilledema ibangelwa kukunyuka okungachazwanga koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwentloko (IIH):
• Ugqirha wakho angakunika i-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, efana ne -acetazolamide . Eli yeza linceda ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kolwelo lwe-CSF kwaye lehlise uxinzelelo.
• Ikwakunceda ukuba ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni . Esi sisisombululo sexesha elide.
• Ukuba ezi ndlela aziphumeleli ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo, oogqirha banokucebisa iinkqubo zotyando zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwekhakayi. Umzekelo, i-shunt yityhubhu evumela ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) ukuba luphume luye kwenye indawo.

• Ukuba i-papilloedema ivele ngesinye isizathu:
• Ugqirha uza kunyanga unobangela oyintloko . Umzekelo, ithumba lobuchopho liza kunyangwa, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luza kulawulwa, kwaye usulelo luza kunyangwa ngamayeza.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuyinyanga ngokukhawuleza i-papilledema, kuba ukuba ayinyangwa, inokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kombono kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo (ubumfama).

Ngaba umngcipheko wokuba ne-papilloedema ungancitshiswa?

Ewe, ungayinciphisa ingozi yokuba ne-papilloedema ngokunyamekela izinto ezithile:

• Lawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi (ingakumbi ukuthintela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluyingozi - `uxinzelelo lwegazi olubi`).
• Gcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni . Ukutyeba kakhulu kunokuba yenye yezizathu zoku, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukulawula ubunzima bakho.

Kwakhona, ukuvavanywa kwamehlo rhoqo kubaluleke kakhulu . Njengakwesiphi na isifo, ukuxilongwa kwangethuba yeyona nto ilungileyo .

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndine-papilloedema?

Ukuba wena nogqirha wakho niyibona le meko kwangethuba, isiphumo sihlala silungile . Ugqirha wakho uza kugxila ekunyangeni ingxaki engundoqo. Kodwa khumbula, kubalulekile ukunyanga i-papilledema kuba, ukongeza ekulahlekelweni kokubona, inokubangela nezinye iziphumo zemithambo-luvo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha malunga ne-papilloedema kunye nezizathu zayo ezinokubakho?

Ukuba uneentloko ezibuhlungu ezintsha eziya ziba mandundu, kwaye unesicaphucaphu nokuhlanza , kufuneka ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza . Kwakhona, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho,Ukuba ikho, yibonise ugqirha uze uyihlole.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwePapilledema kunye nePseudopapilledema?

I-Pseudopapilledema luhlobo "lobuxoki" lwe-papilledema . Oku kukwabangela ukuba i-optic disc ibonakale idumbile. Nangona kunjalo, ayibangelwa kukudumba kwe-optic nerve. Abanye abantu banokuzalwa bene-optic disc edumbile kancinci, okanye isenokubonakala ibangelwa zezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-optic disc drusen (iidiphozithi ezifana ne-calcium kwi-optic disc). Ngenxa yokuba izizathu ze-papilledema zinokuba zimbi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona utshintsho, ingakumbi ukuba luhamba nentloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, okanye ukuhlanza.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyaqonda ngcono into ebesithetha ngayo ngePapilledema. Masiphinde sichaze ezona zinto zibalulekileyo:

• I-Papilledema kukudumba kweengcambu zemithambo-luvo yamehlo omabini ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kwentloko .
• Iimpawu ezinje ngeentloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu (ingakumbi kusasa), ukubona okufipheleyo okwethutyana, ukubona kabini, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza kunokucingelwa.
• Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iithumba zobuchopho, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, usulelo, amayeza athile, kunye ne-idiopathic hypertension (IIH) .
• Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye unobangela unyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, umbono ungagcinwa. Ukuba unyango lulibaziseka, umbono ungalahleka ngokupheleleyo .
• Ukuba unale mpawu, musa ukuchitha ixesha uye kugqirha .
• Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni nokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wale meko.

Amehlo akho axabiseke kakhulu, ngoko ke wanyamekele. Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga, ungayityesheli. Kububulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.