Ngaba uyazibuza ngemikhuhlane nokukhwehlela okuthwalwa ngabantwana abancinci kule mihla? Makhe sithethe ngezi ntsholongwane zeparainfluenza (iiHuman Parainfluenza Virus - HPIVs)!

Ngaba umntwana wakho ebenomkhuhlane obekuqhubeka iintsuku ezimbalwa? Okanye ukhohlela rhoqo? Mhlawumbi umphimbo obuhlungu? Ezi mpawu aziqhelekanga kuphela kubantwana abancinci kule mihla, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha nakwabantu abadala. Ngoko ke usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni ebangela oku. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeqela leentsholongwane ezibangela izifo zokuphefumla. Ziintsholongwane zeparainfluenza, okanye njengoko oogqirha bezibiza `(Human Parainfluenza Virus - HPIVs)`.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-parainfluenza (HPIVs)?

Ngamafutshane, i-parainfluenza ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela leentsholongwane ezichaphazela inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla, oko kukuthi, impumlo, umphimbo, kunye nemiphunga yethu. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokubangela izifo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zilula kakhulu kwaye ziyaphola kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, okanye abo baneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka, zinokuba yingozi ngakumbi.

Cinga ngale ndlela, le ntsholongwane ifana nomntu ohlala ephakathi kwethu, kodwa engachaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo.

Nabani na unokufumana usulelo lwe-HPV (HPIV), kodwa luxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci nakwiintsana. Ungayifumana le ntsholongwane izihlandlo ezininzi ebomini bakho, kwaye ungayifumana kwakhona ukuba uyifumana usengumntwana. Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi! Ngokwesiqhelo, xa uqala ukuyifumana (ngesiqhelo usengumntwana), xa iphinda isenzeka kwakhona, ayibi mbi kangako.

Ezi zifo "(HPIV)" zihlala zixhaphakile ngamaxesha athile onyaka. Zixhaphake kakhulu ekwindla, ebusika, nasentwasahlobo (oko kukuthi, kwiinyanga ezibandayo zonyaka).

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale ntsholongwane ye-parainfluenza?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zeentsholongwane ze-parainfluenza ezichongiweyo:

• I-HPIV-1 kunye ne-HPIV-2: Ezi ntlobo zimbini zezona zidla ngokubangela umkhuhlane kunye nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Croup"', esikukukhohlela okurhabaxa nokukhonkothayo okwenzeka ebantwaneni . Esi simo se-"Croup" sinokwenza kube nzima kancinci ukuba abantwana baphefumle.
• I-HPIV-3: Olu hlobo lunokuchaphazela ngqo iindawo ezisezantsi zendlela yethu yokuphefumla, oko kukuthi, imiphunga. Yiyo loo nto iimeko ezifana ne-bronchiolitis, i-bronchitis, okanye i-pneumonia zinokwenzeka kakhulu.
• I-HPIV-4: Nangona kungekafunyanwa lwazi lungako malunga nolu hlobo okwangoku, oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba lubangela isifo esifanayo ne-`(HPIV-3)`.

Ingaba oku kufana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo (iFlu), iRSV, okanye iCOVID-19? Okanye kwahlukile?

Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi. I-Parainfluenza, intsholongwane yomkhuhlane eqhelekileyo `(Influenza virus)`, `(RSV)` intsholongwane (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), kunye `(COVID-19)` zonke zibangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. Kodwa iimpawu zazo ngamanye amaxesha zinokufana. Izinto ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kunye neentlungu zomzimba zinokubonakala kuzo zonke.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba zonke ezi ntsholongwane ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela izifo ezinzulu ngakumbi, ezifana ne-pneumonia. Eyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yeyiphi intsholongwane onayo kukuvavanywa ngugqirha.

Xa usiva igama elithi "parainfluenza," livakala ngathi "yi-influenza" (intsholongwane ebangela umkhuhlane), akunjalo? Ngaphambili, oogqirha babecinga ukuba yintsholongwane efanayo. Kodwa ngoku siyazi ukuba zizifo ezahlukeneyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-parainfluenza? Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yiyo?

Usulelo lwe-parainfluenza luxhaphake kakhulu, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci nakwiintsana. Enyanisweni, uphando lubonise ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-75% abantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kunye nama-90% abantu abadala bakhe bosulelwa yile ntsholongwane ngaphambili. Oku kuqinisekiswa ngokuvavanya ii-antibodies egazini labo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yabo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iye yalwa nale ntsholongwane ngaxa lithile ngaphambili.

I-parainfluenza ayidli ngokuba yingxaki enkulu kubantu abadala abasempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo, ezifana nesifo semiphunga esingapheliyo okanye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, usulelo lunokuba lubi kakhulu kwaye luthathe ixesha elide ukuba luphile.

Kukho umngcipheko ophezulu wokugula kakhulu kwezi "HPIVs":

• Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
• Kwabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Kwabo banenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka (ingakumbi ukuba bakhe batyandwa amalungu omzimba).
• Kwabo banezifo ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), kunye nezinye izifo ezingapheliyo zemiphunga (Interstitial lung disease).

Ziziphi iimpawu zentsholongwane ye-parainfluenza?

Iimpawu zihlala zincinci kubantu abadala, kodwa zinokuba nzima ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci nakwabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Jonga ukuba ezi mpawu zivakala ziqhelekile na kuwe:

• Ifiva.
• Ukukhwehlela: Oku kungaba kukukhwehlela okuqhelekileyo, okufutshane. Okanye kungaba kukukhwehlela okurhabaxa njengenja ekhonkothayo (Croup) . Ngamanye amaxesha kungaba kukukhwehlela okuhlala ixesha elide okune-phlegm (Bronchitis).
• Ukuxinana okanye impumlo exineneyo.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu/umphimbo obuhlungu.
• Isandi sokuphefumla okanye isandi se-stridor xa uphefumla.
• Ukurhawuzela.
• Ukuthimla.

Isifo se-parainfluenza sisosulela njani?

Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngokudibana ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo nomntu osulelekileyo. Khawuthelekelele, umhlobo wakho unesifo somkhuhlane. Xa ekhohlela okanye ethimla, amathontsi amancinci aqulethe le ntsholongwane akhutshwa emoyeni.Ingangena empumlweni nasemlonyeni wakho. Okanye loo mathontsi angangena ezandleni zakho aze angene empumlweni nasemlonyeni wakho xa uchukumisa ubuso bakho.

Ngamanye amazwi:

• Xa umntu onentsholongwane ekhohlela okanye ethimla.
• Ngokuchukumisa indawo (umz. izibambo zomnyango, iikhompyutha, iifowuni) enentsholongwane kuyo uze uchukumise ubuso bakho, umlomo, impumlo, okanye amehlo ngeso sandla sinye.
• Ngokuchukumisa izandla nobuso bomntu ogulayo, uze emva koko uchukumise ubuso bakho, umlomo, impumlo, namehlo akho.
• Abantwana abancinci banokuyifumana le sifo kwabanye abantwana okanye ngokuchukumisa izinto ezifana needesika, amathoyizi, kunye nezixhobo zokudlala. Cinga nje, abantwana abancinci badla ngokufaka amathoyizi emlonyeni wabo, bafake izandla zabo emlonyeni wabo. Ukuze bakwazi ukuyifumana lula le nto.

Ingaba oku kuzalela lula?

Ewe, i-parainfluenza yintsholongwane edluliselwa lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu phakathi kwabantwana abancinci kuba abaqondi ucoceko njengabantu abadala.

Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha akenzi uvavanyo oluthile lokukhangela intsholongwane ye-parainfluenza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba bayayenza, banokuthatha isampuli ye-mucus empumlweni okanye emqaleni wakho nge-swab ende, enencam yekotoni. Ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ivavanywe ukuba ikhona na i-HPIV kunye nezinye iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya.

Oogqirha badla ngokuxilonga izifo ezibangelwa zezi "HPIV" ngokubuza ngeempawu zakho nokukuxilonga. Nazi ezinye zezinto abanokuzenza xa bekuxilonga:

• Ukumamela intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga.
• Ukujonga impumlo yakho nomlomo.
• Linganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho ngentambo engalweni yakho.
• I-pulse oximeter, okanye i-pulse ox, sisixhobo esilinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini egazini ngokuncamathisela into efana ne-clip emnweni.

Uzilawula njani iimpawu ekhaya?

Uninzi lwabantu lunokulawula iimpawu ezincinci zosulelo lwe-HPIV ekhaya. Abantu abadala banokusebenzisa amayeza athile athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhlale ujongana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba unike umntwana wakho naluphi na unyango. I-Aspirin ayikhuthazwa ngokukodwa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala.

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ekhaya ukuze unciphise iimpawu:

• Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungawusebenzisi umzimba wakho kakhulu.
• Sela iziselo ezininzi, ezifana namanzi kunye nesobho. Oku kuya kunceda umzimba wakho ungaphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Sebenzisa isixhobo sokufumisa umoya egumbini lakho okanye kwigumbi lomntwana wakho. Oku kunokunceda ekunciphiseni umphimbo obuhlungu, impumlo evalekileyo, kunye nokukhwehlela.
• Ungasebenzisa i-acetaminophen (Tylenol®) okanye amayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu zomzimba . Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uyazi idosi echanekileyo ukuba uyinika abantwana.
• Ungasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa ukuxinana, amayeza okunciphisa ukukhohlela, amayeza okukhupha isisu, okanye amayeza okupholisa umphimbo, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukuzithatha ezi kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-parainfluenza?

Ngelishwa, akukho gonyo lokukhusela intsholongwane ye-parainfluenza okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, eminye imikhwa yemihla ngemihla inokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo:

• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo. Ukuba isepha namanzi azifumaneki, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
• Gquma impumlo nomlomo xa uthimla okanye ukhohlela. Kungcono ukuthimla/ukukhohlela engqinibeni okanye kwithishu. Musa ukukwenza ngezandla zakho.
• Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu unesifo esosulelayo njengomkhuhlane, nciphisa ukunxibelelana kwakho nabanye abantu.
• Ukuba uyagula kwaye kufuneka ube phakathi kwabanye abantu, nxiba imaski.
• Soloko uphepha ukuchukumisa ubuso bakho, amehlo, impumlo, nomlomo.
• Musa ukwabelana ngokutya, iziselo, izitya, okanye izinto zokutya nabanye.
• Fundisa abantwana abancinci indlela yokuhlamba izandla zabo ngokufanelekileyo kunye neminye imikhwa yococeko kwangethuba.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndifumana esi sifo? Siza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani?

Uninzi lwabantu lusuleleka yile ntsholongwane (HPIV) ubuncinane kanye ngaphambi kokuba bafikelele kwiminyaka emi-5. Ukuba bayifumana kwakhona kubantwana abadala nakubantu abadala, iimpawu zihlala zincinci. Uninzi lwabantu lunokulawula iimpawu zabo ekhaya. Kodwa kufuneka uqaphele iimpawu. Abantwana abancinci, abantu abanesifo semiphunga esingapheliyo, kunye nabantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka basengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo lwe-HPIV onalo, usenokuba ugula iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiveki. Ezinye iimpawu (ezifana nokukhwehlela) zinokuhlala iiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka banokugula kakhulu ngenxa ye-HPIV. Ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo yi-pneumonia kunye neentlobo ezinzima ze-croup. Zombini zinokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla kwaye zinokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele.

Enyanisweni, inani elikhulu labantwana abalaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa yezifo zokuphefumla libangelwa zezi zifo "ze-HPIV".

Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nineempawu okanye iimpawu ezinzima zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Croup", ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka nibone ugqirha. Oku kuquka:

• Ukukhohlela okurhabaxa, njengenja ekhonkothayo.
• Ukuba wenza ingxolo xa uphefumla (ukuphefumla okunomsindo).
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nifumana iimpawu eziqatha kakhulu , yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla.
• Akukho okanye kuphuma umchamo omncinci kakhulu.
• Intlungu engapheliyo esifubeni okanye esiswini.
• Ukuba uziva unesiyezi ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Intlungu okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu bemisipha.
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis) (oku kungaba luphawu lokuba amanqanaba e-oksijini aphantsi egazini).
• Ukuxhuzula .

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha wakho

Xa ubona ugqirha, kuyanceda ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Indlela yokunyanga iimpawu ekhaya?
• Ngawaphi amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (amayeza e-OTC) endingawasebenzisa?
• Ngawaphi amayeza endingawanika umntwana wam? Ingakanani idosi?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ezinzima ekufuneka ndizijonge?
• Kufuneka uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?
• Uyafuna ukuza kudibana kwakhona?
• Iza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphila?

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Iintsholongwane zeParainfluenza (HPIVs) liqela leentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ezibangela izifo eziqala kumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ukuya kwiimeko ezifana necroup. Uninzi lwabantu abadala luyifumana kwaye aluguli. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokugula kakhulu yile ntsholongwane. Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65, unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, okanye unomntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5, kubalulekile ukuba ujonge iimpawu ezinzulu. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nineempawu ezinzulu, ungathandabuzi ukubona ugqirha okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele elikufutshane. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Parainfluenza, i-HPIV, izifo zokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, umkhuhlane, i-croup, i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia, impilo yabantwana, usulelo lwentsholongwane