Masifunde ngakumbi ngeHepatitis B, eyonakalisa isibindi buthule.

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngeHepatitis B ndaweni ithile. Abanye abantu bayayoyika kancinci, ngelixa abanye bengayikhathaleli kangako. Nangona kunjalo, le yinto sonke ekufuneka siyiqaphele. Ngamafutshane, iHepatitis B sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane esichaphazela isibindi sethu. Sibangelwa yintsholongwane yeHepatitis B, okanye i-HBV ngamafutshane. Abanye abantu bayayifumana baze baphile kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kweengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, inokuba sisifo esingapheliyo esinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisibindi.

Siyifumana njani iHepatitis B?

Ngoku makhe sibone indlela esi sifo esisasazeka ngayo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ukuba siyazi ezi ndlela, singalumka.

I-HBV isasazeka kakhulu ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Ukuba nesondo nomntu osulelekileyo yi-HBV: Le yindlela eqhelekileyo yokusasazeka kwesi sifo. Ukuba ulala nomntu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo, intsholongwane inokudluliselwa kumntu osulelekileyo iye kumntu ophilileyo.
• Ukwabelana ngeenaliti neesirinji ezineentsholongwane: Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abafaka iziyobisi. Xa abantu abaninzi besebenzisa inaliti enye, intsholongwane inokusasazeka ngokulula. Oku kukwasebenza nakwizixhobo ezingacocwanga ngokufanelekileyo.
• (HBV) kusana olusandul’ ukuzalwa: Ukuba umama unesi sifo, nokuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokubeleka, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba nomntwana uya kosulelwa. Yiyo loo nto oomama abakhulelweyo kufuneka balumke kakhulu ngale nto.

Khawucinge nje, le ntsholongwane ifumaneka egazini nakwiincindi zomzimba. Ngoko ke, esi sifo sidluliselwa kuphela xa ezo zincindi zingena emzimbeni womntu ophilileyo.

Yintoni i-hepatitis B ebukhali nengapheliyo?

Oogqirha bathetha ngeentlobo ezimbini zeHepatitis B. Enye yiHepatitis B ebukhali , enye yiHepatitis B engapheliyo.

• I-Hepatitis B ebukhali: Esi sisifo sexesha elifutshane esenzeka kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kokuba usulelwe yintsholongwane. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphila ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo.
• IHepatitis B Engapheliyo: Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basenayo intsholongwane emizimbeni yabo emva kweenyanga ezi-6. Kulapho iba sisifo esingapheliyo, oko kuthetha isifo esihlala ixesha elide. Esi sesona siyingozi kakhulu, kuba sinokubangela ukugula ubomi bonke.

Kukho enye into ebalulekileyo koku.Okukhona umntu esemncinci xa esulelekile yile ntsholongwane, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe sisifo esinganyangekiyo. Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha usana olusandul' ukuzalwa olune-`(HBV)`, yi-90% kuphela yabo bantwana eya kuba nesifo esinganyangekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 ubudala uyayifumana, loo mngcipheko uyehla uye kwi-6%–10%.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imibutho efana neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) kunye neCenters for Disease Control (CDC) icebisa ukuba zonke iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zithole idosi yokuqala yegonyo le-hepatitis B kwiiyure ezili-12-24 emva kokuzalwa. Idosi yesibini inikwa kwinyanga e-1-2, kwaye idosi yesithathu inikwa kwinyanga ezi-6-18. Olu gonyo lukwabandakanyiwe kwinkqubo yesizwe yokugonya eSri Lanka.

Zithini iimpawu zosulelo olukhawulezileyo lwe-hepatitis B?

Xa usulelwe yi-`(HBV)`, unokufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Zinokuqala kwiintlungu zomzimba ezilula ukuya kwisifo sesibindi esingapheliyo esithethe ngaso ngaphambili. Umntu one-hepatitis B ebukhali unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezo zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo wentsholongwane. Ezi ziquka:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu, ndiziva ndingenabomi.
• Uziva ngathi uza kuhlanza, mhlawumbi ude uhlanze.
• I-Anorexia , ukungafuni ukutya.
• Ukuba nomkhuhlane.

Ukongeza koku, ukosuleleka yi-`(HBV)` kunokubangela ezinye iimpawu ezithile:

• Umchamo omnyama kunesiqhelo.
• Indle iba mhlophe okanye ibe ngwevu ngombala.
• I-Jaundice : Le yimeko apho amhlophe emehlweni naselusu ajika abe tyheli.
• Intlungu yamalungu.
• Ukuba nesisu esibuhlungu.

Ezi mpawu ziqala ukubonakala phakathi kwenyanga e-1 ukuya kweyesi-6 emva kokuchaphazeleka yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B. Ezi mpawu zinokuhlala iiveki ukuya kwiinyanga.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba abanye abantu basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu xa bene-hepatitis B. Nangona kunjalo, ungalibali ukuba nomntu ongenazo iimpawu usenokusasaza esi sifo komnye umntu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela iHepatitis B?

I-Hepatitis B engapheliyo sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba siyaqhubeka, sinokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana ne -cirrhosis , ukungasebenzi kwesibindi , okanye umhlaza wesibindi . Ezi zinto zinokubangela ukuba umntu agule kakhulu aze afe.

Ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo une-hepatitis B, nokuba akanazo iimpawu, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba umntwana wakhe angenwe sesi sifo ngexesha okanye emva nje kokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, le ngozi ingancitshiswa kakhulu ukuba umntwana unikwa i-vaccine ekhethekileyo yokugonyelwa (i-Immune Globulin) kunye nedosi yokuqala yokugonyelwa i-hepatitis B kwangoko emva kokuzalwa.

Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abosulelwe yi-`(HBV)` basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ixesha elide. Ngexesha iimpawu zibonakala emva kwexesha elide kangaka, isibindi sisenokuba sele sonakele kwaye iingxaki ezinkulu zisenokuba sele zivele.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uneHepatitis B?

Ukuba umntu unezinye zezi mpawu, okanye ukuba ukrokrela ukuba usenokuba uchaphazelekile yile ntsholongwane ngenxa yokunxibelelana ngesondo okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha uhlala ethatha isampuli yegazi aze enze uvavanyo. Olu vavanyo lwegazi lunokujonga ii-antibodies zentsholongwane. Lunokufumanisa nokuba usulelo lukhawulezileyo okanye alupheli.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lweHepatitis B?

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lweHepatitis B. Oogqirha banokunceda kuphela ukulawula iimpawu. Umzekelo, bacebisa abantu ukuba baphumle ngokwaneleyo kwaye basele ulwelo oluninzi. Ukuba umntu ugula kakhulu ukuba angatya okanye asele, unokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele ukuze afumane unyango.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala abaselula badla ngokuchacha kwi-hepatitis B. Banokuzikhusela ngokwendalo kwintsholongwane. Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha kwiinyanga ezi-6. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abafumana i-hepatitis B engapheliyo bajongwa ngokusondeleyo ngababoneleli bezempilo. Ngamanye amaxesha, banikwa amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane .

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokosulelwa yiHepatitis B?

Abanye abantu banokuba nale ntsholongwane emizimbeni yabo ubomi babo bonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba bangabathwali besifo ubomi babo bonke kwaye banokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka zikhunjulwe, ingakumbi kwaba bantu:

• Ufanele ukuphephe ukusela utywala ngokupheleleyo, kuba utywala bunokonakalisa isibindi ngakumbi.
• Kubalulekile ukubonana nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na iyeza (elibhalwe ngugqirha, elithengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, okanye izongezo zeevithamini). Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyeza aliyi kubangela umonakalo ongakumbi kwisibindi.
• Akunakwenzeka ukunikela ngegazi kumntu okhe waqinisekiswa ukuba une-hepatitis B.

Ngaba ungasinda kwiHepatitis B?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo unako! Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo.

• Ukugonywa:Ngoku, zonke iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zinikwa ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B ngeedosi ezintathu kwixesha leenyanga ezi-6. Olu gonyo luye lwanciphisa kakhulu inani lamatyala e-hepatitis B. Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba bonke abantwana kunye nabantu abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19 ubudala abangazange bagonywe ngokufanelekileyo okanye abangazange bagqibe zonke iidosi ezintathu bafumane ugonyo "oluhambelanayo".

Kukho iimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo apho abantwana banokufuna ukugonywa kwakhona emva kwexesha elide ebomini. Nazi:

• Abantwana abanoomama abanentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B egazini labo.
• Abantwana abafuna i-hemodialysis.
• Abantwana abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka.

• Ukhuseleko emva kokuchatshazelwa yintsholongwane: Ukuba umntu ongakhange agonywe uchaphazeleke yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBV), oogqirha banokumnika isitofu sokugonya kunye/okanye inaliti ye-immune globulin equlethe ii-antibodies ezichasene nentsholongwane. Oku kuzama ukuthintela usulelo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba uchaphazelekile yintsholongwane.

• Iindlela zokhuseleko: Ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-hepatitis B ngegazi elosulelekileyo kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba, abantu abadala kunye nolutsha kufuneka bathathe la manyathelo okhuseleko:
• Soloko usebenzisa ikhondom yelatex ngokufanelekileyo xa usabelana ngesondo (ngomlomo, ngesini, okanye ngasemva).
• Kuphephe ukudibana negazi lomntu osulelekileyo.
• Musa ukuzifaka iziyobisi ngemithambo. Musa ukwabelana ngeesirinji, iinaliti, okanye ezinye izinto zeziyobisi.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu ezifana neebrashi zamazinyo kunye neerazor nabanye.
• Jonga iivenkile zeetattoo kunye nee-pruning ngononophelo. Qinisekisa ukuba azisebenzisi kwakhona iinaliti ezifanayo ngaphandle kokuzibulala iintsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esizithethileyo, ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene ukuqonda okungcono ngeHepatitis B. Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule zezi:

• IHepatitis B sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane esichaphazela isibindi. Ngamanye amaxesha sinokuba sisifo esingapheliyo kwaye sibangele iingxaki ezinkulu.
• Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela koku. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kunye nabo baphoswe yi-vaccine ukuba bayifumane.
• Ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kunokuthintelwa ngokwenza isondo esikhuselekileyo, ukungabelani ngeenaliti kunye neesirinji, kunye nokungabelani ngezinto zococeko lomntu nabanye.
• Nokuba uneempawu okanye awunazo, ukuba unamathandabuzo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha kwaye uhlolwe.
• Kubalulekile ukuba abantu abane-hepatitis B engapheliyo balandele imiyalelo kagqirha wabo baze benze utshintsho olufunekayo kwindlela abaphila ngayo.

Khumbula, ukuqonda yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela. Nawe ungafundisa abanye ngale nto. Emva koko singayinciphisa le sifo kuluntu.

IHepatitis B, iHepatitis B, isibindi, intsholongwane, i-HBV, isitofu sokugonya, isifo esingapheliyo, isifo esibukhali