Ngaba unengxaki yokutya? (Iingxaki zokutya) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ukutya yinto esingenakukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwayo sonke, akunjalo? Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ubudlelwane bethu nokutya bunokuba yinto edidayo. Ngaba uziva uxinezelekile engqondweni nasemzimbeni ngenxa yezinto ezifana nobungakanani bokutya okutyayo, indlela otya ngayo, kunye nendlela oziva ngayo emva kokutya? Ukuba kunjalo, oku kumalunga nento ebalulekileyo kuwe.

Zithini ezi ngxaki zokutya?

Ngamafutshane, ingxaki yokutya yimeko yempilo yengqondo echaphazela indlela ojongana ngayo nokutya kunye nendlela obona ngayo umzimba wakho (umfanekiso womzimba). Ingachaphazela impilo yakho yomzimba kunye nempilo yakho yengqondo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yingozi ebomini. Iimpawu zale meko zinokuhluka kumntu nomntu, kwaye zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwengxaki. Ungabala iikhalori, unciphise ubungakanani kunye neentlobo zokutya okutyayo, okanye utye kakhulu, okanye ude uhlanze emva kokutya. Endaweni yokuziva wonwabile xa usitya, ungaziva unetyala okanye uneentloni. Ukutya kubalulekile ebomini. Sonke sinolwalamano lwethu olulodwa nokutya. Ukutya okuthandayo kunye nezinto ongazithandayo zezakho. Usenokungazi nokuba unengxaki yokutya kuba sele uyiqhelile.

Nokuba uziva ubambekile kulo mjikelo wokutya, khumbula ukuba kukho unyango olufumanekayo olunokukunceda ubuyele endleleni. Ukuba ukulungele, ungalufumana olo ncedo.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki zokutya?

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeengxaki ezinxulumene nokutya. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• I-Anorexia Nervosa: Oku kubonakala ngokunciphisa ukutya kunye neekhalori (njengokuzila ukutya ngokwakho), uloyiko olukhulu lokutyeba, kunye nombono ongalunganga ngomzimba wakho. Umzekelo, umntu unokuziva etyebile nangona ebhityile kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto ezama ukulawula indlela atya ngayo ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

• I-Bulimia Nervosa: Oku kubonakala ngokutya kakhulu, okanye ukukholelwa ukuba utye kakhulu, ngexesha elifutshane. Emva koko, uzama ukukhupha ukutya emzimbeni wakho ngokuhlanza , ukusebenzisa amayeza okuhambisa isisu , okanye ukuzilolonga kakhulu.

• Ingxaki Yokutya Okugqithisileyo: Oku kukwabonakaliswa kukutya kakhulu okanye ukucinga ukuba utye ukutya okuninzi ngexesha elifutshane. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo ne-bulimia, akukho mzamo wokuphelisa ukutya. Endaweni yoko, kukho iintloni, ukuzisola, ukuziva unetyala, okanye ukudakumba .

• IPica:Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kancinci. Umnqweno onamandla wokutya izinto ezingezizo ukutya, umzekelo, iintonga zetshokhwe, uthuli, kunye nepeyinti.

• Ingxaki Yokurhawuzelela: Oku kwenzeka xa, emva kokutya, ukutya okungagayiwanga kubuyela emlonyeni. Emva koko, kuyahlafunwa kwakhona, kuginywe kwakhona, okanye kukhafulwe.

• Ingxaki Yokutya Ethintela/Ethintela Ukuthathwa Kokutya (ARFID): Le yimeko apho abantu bethintela ubungakanani okanye iintlobo zokutya abakutyayo. Oku akubangelwa kukuba bexhalabele imbonakalo yomzimba wabo okanye bezama ukunciphisa umzimba. Bayala ukutya ngenxa yezinye izizathu (umz., abawuthandi umbala, ivumba, okanye ubume bokutya).

Ngamanye amaxesha umntu omnye unokuba neengxaki zokutya ezingaphezu kwesinye.

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi ngxaki zokutya?

Ezi zixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Izifundo eMelika zibonise ukuba malunga nezigidi ezingama-28.8 zabantu baya kuba nolu hlobo lwesifo sokutya ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Ezi meko zikwabonakala nakwilizwe lethu.

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki yokutya?

Nangona iimpawu zahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa:

Iimpawu zomzimba:

• Ukutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo rhoqo.
• Ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha ( Ukudinwa ).
• Ukuquleka okanye isiyezi .
• Ukuncitshiswa kweenwele okanye ukulahleka kweenwele .
• Utshintsho lobunzima olungachazekiyo okanye ukwehla kobunzima okukhulu.
• Ukubila okungaqhelekanga okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha (iimpawu zokuziphatha):

• Ukuzibekela imiqathango yokutya, ukungatyi ukutya okuthile konke konke.
• Ukutya kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane.
• Ukuhlanza ngenkani emva kokutya okanye ukusebenzisa kakubi amayeza okuhambisa isisu.
• Ukuzilolonga kakhulu emva kokutya.
• Ukuya kwindlu yangasese rhoqo emva kokutya.
• Ukuzikhupha kubahlobo nakwimisebenzi yoluntu.
• Ukufihla ukutya, ukukulahla.
• Imikhwa yokutya engaqhelekanga (umz., ukuhlafuna ukutya ixesha elide, ukutya ngasese).

Kunokuba nzima ukuqonda ukuba umntu omthandayo unale ngxaki, kuba ingabonakala ngathi kukutshintsha nje indlela yokutya okanye indlela yokuphila. Kwakhona, awunakukwazi ukubona ukuba umntu unale ngxaki ngokumjonga nje.

Uziva njani umntu onengxaki yokutya?

Ukuba unengxaki yokutya, unokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ukutya kufana notshaba, kubonakala ngathi kuza kukwenzakalisa.
• Emva kokutya, uziva ngathi wenze impazamo, ngokungathi wenze into ebangela iintloni.
• Uziva ngathi awukho kumgangatho ofanelekileyo kwaye umzimba wakho awulunganga.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kubunzima obuthile okanye ukulandela imithetho ethile malunga nokutya, uzive ngathi "uhlulekile."
• Uvakalelwa kukuba abanye bakujonga ngendlela engafanelekanga.
• Uvakalelwa kukuba into ekuphela kwayo onokuyilawula ebomini bakho kukuba utya ntoni kwaye utya njani.
• Awufuni ukuchitha ixesha nabanye abantu kuba usaba ukuba baza kukugweba.

Ezi mvakalelo aziyonto oyidala ngabom. Ukongeza kwimpilo yomzimba, ingxaki yokutya inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukwenza kwakho izigqibo, iimvakalelo, kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukusebenzisana nabanye abantu ngokuqhelekileyo.

Zithini izizathu zeengxaki zokutya?

Isizathu esichanekileyo soku asikaziwa okwangoku, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba zininzi izinto ezinokubangela oku:

• I-Genetics: Izifundo zifumanise ukuba iimeko ezifana ne -Anorexia Nervosa , i-Bulimia Nervosa , kunye ne-Binge Eating Disorder zihlala zisenzeka kwiintsapho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo le meko, nawe unokuba nesifo se-genetic esinokubangela ukuba nayo ibe nayo.

• Ibhayoloji yobuchopho: Iikhemikhali ezikwiingqondo zethu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine kunye ne -serotonin zisenza sizive sonwabile kwaye sikhululekile. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ezi khemikhali ziyasebenza xa kuvela iindlela zokutya ezingaqhelekanga.

• Iingcamango zenkcubeko nezentlalo: Uxinzelelo "lokufanelana" noluntu lunokuchaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo kwaye lubangele ukuba utshintshe indlela oziphatha ngayo ukuze ufezekise iinjongo ezingenakwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha ezibekwe ngabanye kuwe. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukuzithemba kwakho, ingakumbi kweli xesha ledijithali, apho uziva ngathi awufani nabantu obabona kwimidiya yoluntu, kumabonakude nakwiimuvi.

• Ezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezifihlakeleyo: Xa uziva ngathi ulahlekelwa lulawulo lwezinye izinto ebomini bakho, unokulingeka ukuba uthathe amanyathelo aqatha ngokutya kwakho. Ukucinga ngokutya kakhulu ukuze ulwe neemvakalelo ezibuhlungu kunokuba yindlela engafanelekanga yokujongana nako. Ke ngoko, ezinye iingxaki zokutya zinokuhambelana nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki zokutya?

Le meko inokwenzeka nakubani na ubudala, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kulutsha nakubantu abadala abancinci. Usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba neengxaki zokutya okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo.
• Ukuba ukhe wahlangabezana naliphi na ihlazo (emzimbeni, engqondweni okanye ngokwesondo).
• Ukuba unengxaki yengqondo engabonakaliyo efana nokuxhalaba, ukudakumba, okanye i-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) .
• Ukuba ubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi apho ubunzima bomzimba wakho okanye imo yakho ibalulekile (umz. ijimnastiki, ukulwa, ukudada).
• Ukuba ujongene notshintsho olukhulu, njengokuya esikolweni esitsha, umsebenzi omtsha, uqhawulo-mtshato, okanye ukufuduka.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 . Izifundo zibonise ukuba malunga nama-25% abasetyhini abanesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 banengxaki yokutya.
• Ukuba ungumntu othanda ukugqibelela ozama ukwenza yonke into ngokugqibeleleyo.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezibangelwa ziingxaki zokutya?

Ukunqongophala kweekhalori kakhulu, ukuhlanza, okanye ukuzilolonga kakhulu kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yakho yomzimba. Ukuba ayinyangwa, ingxaki yokutya ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu, ezinje:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwesingqisho sentliziyo (i-Arrhythmia) , ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo, kunye nezinye izifo zentliziyo.
• Isifo se-Gastroesophageal Reflux okanye i-GERD .
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (Hypotension) .
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba kunye nokonakala kwengqondo.
• Ukuncitshiswa kwamathambo (i-Osteoporosis) .
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu kunye nokuqhina kwesisu.
• I-Amenorrhea kunye nokungabikho kokuzala.
• Istroke.
• Ukonakala kwamazinyo.

Njengengxaki yempilo yengqondo, usenokuba sengozini yokucinga ngokuzibulala okanye nokuba neengcinga zokuzibulala ngenxa yeemvakalelo zakho malunga nokutya okanye umzimba wakho. Ukuba ukhe waba nezi ngcinga, nceda uthethe nomntu omthembayo, okanye ubone ugqirha okanye umcebisi wempilo yengqondo ngokukhawuleza. Awuwedwa, kwaye uncedo luyafumaneka.

Ungazichonga njani iingxaki zokutya?

Nantsi indlela ugqirha ayifumanisa ngayo le meko:

• Ngokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba.
• Ngokuphonononga iimpawu zakho.
• Ngokufunda okungakumbi ngendlela otya ngayo kunye nendlela ozenza ngayo umthambo.
• Ukuze kuthintelwe ezinye iimeko zempilo okanye kuhlolwe iingxaki, kunokwenziwa uvavanyo lwemifanekiso, uvavanyo lwegazi okanye lomchamo (umz. uvavanyo lokusebenza kwezintso , i-electrocardiogram - ECG ).

Oogqirha basebenzisa i-DSM-5-TR ye-American Psychiatric Association (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition) ukufumanisa esi sifo.Esi sikhokelo sisebenzisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo. Sichaza iimpawu ezinxulumene nengxaki nganye yokutya. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki ukuba ube nazo zonke ezi mpawu ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba unayo. Kwakhona, nokuba awunayo ingxaki yokutya ethile kolu luhlu, usenokufuna uncedo lokunqoba iingxaki zakho zokutya.

Ngubani oxilonga ingxaki yokutya?

Ezi meko zichongwa ziingcali zempilo, njengoogqirha kunye neengcali zengqondo. Ugqirha wakho wosapho uza kujonga iimpawu zakho, enze uvavanyo lomzimba, aze a-odole uvavanyo lwegazi. Ingcali yengqondo okanye yengqondo iza kwenza uvavanyo lwengqondo ukuze ifunde ngakumbi malunga neendlela zakho zokutya kunye neenkolelo zakho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zeengxaki zokutya?

Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, kodwa zingabandakanya:

• Unyango lwengqondo: Ugqirha wengqondo uza kugqiba ukhetho olufanelekileyo lonyango kwimeko yakho. Kukho iindlela ezifana nonyango lomntu ngamnye, lweqela, nolwentsapho. Abantu abaninzi abaneengxaki zokutya bakhetha unyango lwengqondo (i-CBT) .
• Amayeza: Usenokuba nezinye iimeko, ezinje ngexhala okanye ukudakumba, kunye nengxaki yokutya. Ezi meko zinokunyangwa ngamayeza okudakumba , amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo , okanye amanye amayeza.
• Ingcebiso ngesondlo: Ingcali yokutya ebhalisiweyo eqeqeshwe kwimiba enxulumene nokutya inokukunceda uphucule indlela otya ngayo kwaye wenze izicwangciso zokutya okunesondlo. Banokukunika neengcebiso malunga nendlela yokuthenga, ukucwangcisa, kunye nokulungiselela ukutya.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukusebenzisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango kunye. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kusebenzisana ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esibanzi esigubungela iinkalo zomzimba, zengqondo, kunye nokuziphatha kwesi sifo.

Nokuba awunaso isifo esithile sokutya, ingcali yezonyango inokukunceda ulawule iingxaki zokutya okanye ezinye iimeko ezichaphazela impilo yakho.

Zithini iindlela zokunyamekela iingxaki zokutya?

Kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okhathalelo koku:

• Unyango lwangaphandle (ukubonisana kube kanye ngeveki).
• Unyango olunzulu lwezigulane ezingalaliswanga (unyango izihlandlo ezininzi ngeveki).
• Unyango lokuhlala esibhedlele (ukulaliswa esibhedlele).

Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngomgangatho wonyango olungele wena.

Unyango lweengxaki zokutya

Unyango lunokuba nomvuzo kwaye lube ngumceli mngeni. Uza kudibana nogqirha wengqondo ukuze akuncede uqonde kwaye utshintshe iindlela zokucinga ezilawula ukuziphatha kwakho neemvakalelo zakho. Kunokuba nzima ukunyaniseka nomntu omtsha malunga neemvakalelo zakho. Kunokuba nzima nokwamkela uncedo xa uziva ngathi unolawulo kwimeko. Unyango lunokukwenza ube neemvakalelo ongafuniyo ukuzicinga. Kulungile ukuthetha ngezi mvakalelo nogqirha wakho wengqondo, kwaye kuyakhuthaza. Khumbula ukuba iqela lakho lezonyango likho ukukunceda ngexesha lonyango lwakho.

Ukuchacha kwiSifo sokutya

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuchacha kunokwenzeka kwaye kukho ithemba . Iingxaki zokutya aziphucuki ngobusuku obunye. Unyango luthatha ixesha. Kuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko kunye nokuba ixesha onayo lingakanani. Ungafumanisa ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyaphucuka emva kokuqala amayeza okanye ukuthetha nogqirha. Ungaziva ngathi uya usiba mandundu ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuba ngcono. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuba ngcono kukusebenza nesicwangciso sonyango sikagqirha wakho. Thetha nabo ngayo nayiphi na imiphumo emibi okanye imiqobo ojongene nayo. Thembeka kwaye ukhululeke malunga neemvakalelo zakho. Banokubonelela ngesikhokelo sobuqu ukukunceda uphile ngokukhawuleza.

Iyintoni imbonakalo yeengxaki zokutya?

Kukho unyango lwazo zonke iintlobo zeengxaki zokutya. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imeko kwangethuba uze uqale unyango ngoko nangoko. Ukuchacha kuthatha ixesha, kwaye kunokufuna inkxaso yobomi bonke. Ukuba ayinyangwa, iingxaki zokutya zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unezi mpawu, funa uncedo lwezonyango.

Ngaba iingxaki zokutya zinokuthintelwa?

Akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela oku ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unengxaki yokutya okanye imeko yempilo yengqondo, ukukwazi oko kunokukunceda wena kunye neqela lakho lezonyango ukuba ubachonge kwaye ubanyange kwangethuba. Unyango lwangethuba lunokunceda ekupheliseni iindlela zokuziphatha ezingalunganga ngaphambi kokuba zingalawuleki.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuba neengxaki zokutya?

Ukunyanga iingxaki zempilo eziqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zempilo yengqondo (umz., ukudakumba, ixhala, i-OCD ) kwasekuqaleni kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki zokutya. Ukuba ungumzali okanye umnakekeli kwaye uyazi ukuba usapho lwakho luneengxaki zokutya, nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko phakathi kwabantwana bakho:

• Yiba ngumzekelo omhle.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwaye uphephe ukubiza ukutya ngokuthi "kulungile" okanye "kubi."
• Kuphephe ukuthetha nabantwana "ngokunciphisa ukutya".
• Kuphephe ukwenza izimvo ezimbi ngemizimba.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Bona ugqirha kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba uziva ukhathazekile lulwalamano lwakho nokutya.
• Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba indlela otya ngayo iyakuphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
• Ukuba unentlungu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye intliziyo yakho ibetha ngamandla.
• Ukuba uhlala uziva unesiyezi okanye unesizungu.
• Ukuba unesifo somqala esibuhlungu kakhulu okanye i-acid reflux.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba unengxaki ngokutya, ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Luhlobo luni lwengxaki yokutya endinayo?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango kum?
• Zithini iingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango oluza kundinceda emva konyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndixhalabele iingxaki?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Iingxaki zokutya ziimeko zempilo ezinzulu ezinokuchaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo neyomzimba. Usenokungaqondi ukuba indlela oziphatha ngayo iyingozi okanye iyingozi kuba ivakala iqhelekile kuwe.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki yokutya, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo . Ngonyango olufanelekileyo lwezonyango kunye neengcebiso zempilo yengqondo, ungaphila.

Nokuba "ukuchacha" kubonakala ngathi kusekude, ungalufikelela olo sukelo. Kusoloko kuluncedo ukufumana inkxaso. Thetha nomhlobo okanye umntu omthandayo. Thetha ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye ukhululeke. Inkuthazo yabo isenokuba yeyona nto uyidingayo ukuze uthathe inyathelo lokuqala lokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa.

---

iingxaki zokutya, i-anorexia, impilo yengqondo, i-anorexia, i-bulimia, ukulawula ubunzima, ukutya okunesondlo