Ngaba wena okanye umntu omaziyo wakha waba nomzimba obuthathaka, ubunzima bokuhamba, okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubuntu bakho? Nangona ezi zinto zinokubonakala ngathi zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho isizathu esibalulekileyo emva kwazo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo sengqondo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esibi kakhulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiProgressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy , okanye iPML ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-PML?
I-PML sisifo esibi kakhulu nesingaqhelekanga esichaphazela ingqondo yethu. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba amandla omzimba wethu okulwa nezifo, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ibuthathaka kakhulu.
Ngoku khangela, ingqondo yethu inesigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Sifana nesigqubuthelo seplastiki esijikeleze ucingo lombane. Siyibiza ngokuba yi- myelin . Esi sigqubuthelo se-myelin sinceda imiyalezo ukuba ihambe ngemithambo-luvo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Xa i-PML isenzeka, esi sigqubuthelo se-myelin sonakele. Sifana nesigqubuthelo seplastiki esikuloo cingo siyanyibilika. Emva koko imiyalezo esebuchotsheni ayihambi kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki zokuhamba, ukucinga, kunye nokuziva.
Esi sifo sibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-JC virus . Okumangalisayo kukuba, malunga nama-85% abantu abadala bathwala le ntsholongwane emizimbeni yabo ngaphandle kweengxaki. Logama nje inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba inamandla, le ntsholongwane ihlala ithule. Kodwa ukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba ibuthathaka kakhulu, le ntsholongwane ngequbuliso iqala ukusebenza kwaye iqale ukuhlasela ingqondo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-PML ayisosifo esosulelayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu one-PML akanakusasaza esi sifo komnye umntu.
Zithini iimpawu ze-PML?
Iimpawu ze-PML zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umonakalo uphi engqondweni. Makhe sijonge iimpawu zokuqala nezemva kwesi sifo.
| Uhlobo oluneempawu | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu Zokuqala |
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| Iimpawu Zamva |
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Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Sidla ngokuchaphazela umntu omnye kumakhulu amabini amawaka. Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Masibone ukuba bangoobani.
- Abantu abosulelwe yi-HIV/AIDS: Kuba esi sifo sihlasela ngqo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Abanye abantu abanesifo somhlaza: Ingakumbi abo banomhlaza onxulumene negazi ofana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma.
- Izigulane ezifakelwe amalungu omzimba: Xa ilungu (elifana nezintso okanye isibindi) lifakelwe komnye umntu, zinikwa amayeza okuthintela umzimba ukuba ungalamkeli. Aba bantu nabo basengozini enkulu.
- Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza atshintsha okanye acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Kukho ezinye izifo apho inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela imizimba yethu. Imizekelo ibandakanya izifo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis, isifo sikaCrohn, i-rheumatoid arthritis, kunye ne-lupus. Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezi meko anokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-PML.
Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abanezakhi ezithile zofuzo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-PML xa bethatha la mayeza okunciphisa ukhuseleko lomzimba. Ngoko ke, ungafuna ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lofuzo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise la mayeza.
Indlela yokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo isifo?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela ukuba une-PML ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho, uya kucebisa ukuba uvavanye izihlandlo ezininzi.
1. Iskeni ye-MRI:Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Umatshini we-MRI unokuthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha zobuchopho. Unokubona ngokucacileyo iindawo (izilonda) apho i-myelin ebuchotsheni yonakaliswe khona yi-PML.
2. Ukubhaxabula eLumbar: Oku kuquka ukufaka inaliti encinci kakhulu ngasemva kwentamo kunye nokuthatha isampuli encinci yolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo (ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal). Olu lwelo lunokuvavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba ikhona na intsholongwane ye-JC.
3. I-Brain Biopsy: Oku kwenziwa rhoqo, kwaye kuphela xa ezinye iimvavanyo zingacacanga. Kule meko, iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili liyasuswa ngotyando engqondweni lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
Inyangwa njani i-PML?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekunyangeni i-PML kukunyanga imeko ebangele ukuba amasosha omzimba wakho abe buthathaka.
- Masithi ufumene i-PML ngenxa ye-HIV, ngoko ke kufuneka usebenzise unyango lwe-antiretroviral (amayeza okulwa ne-HIV) ngokuchanekileyo kwaye wakhe kwakhona amasosha omzimba wakho.
- Ukuba ufumene i-PML ngenxa yeyeza elithintela amasosha omzimba, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze agqibe ekubeni uyayeka okanye uyatshintsha na iyeza.
- Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-plasma exchange lusetyenziswa ukususa la mayeza okunciphisa umzimba egazini. Oku kunika inkqubo yomzimba amandla okulwa ne-JC virus kwakhona.
Uphando lusaqhubeka malunga namayeza asebenza ngokuchasene nentsholongwane ye-JC ngokwayo, kodwa akukho chiza lisebenzayo elifunyenweyo okwangoku.
Ngelishwa, into emhlophe, okanye i-myelin, yengqondo etshatyalaliswa yintsholongwane ayiphindi ivele. Ngenxa yoko, nasemva kokuba isifo siphelile, ezinye iimpawu (umz., ukungaziva, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo) zinokuhlala ubomi bonke. Oku kufana nemiphumo yexesha elide yestroke.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-PML lusulelo lobuchopho olungaqhelekanga kodwa olunzima.
- Oku kwenzeka kuphela kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kakhulu. Umntu ophilileyo akanasizathu sokukhathazeka ngale nto.
- Intsholongwane ye-JC ebangela oku ihlala kwimizimba yethu emininzi ngaphandle kokubangela monakalo.
- Ukuba usela amayeza athintela inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba (umz., yomhlaza, isifo samathambo, i-MS), yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko malunga nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha zemithambo-luvo ozifumanayo (ukuba ndindisholo ezingalweni zakho, ubunzima bokuhamba, ubunzima bokuthetha).
- Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango lokwakha kwakhona amajoni omzimba kunokunceda ukulawula ukusasazeka ngakumbi kwesi sifo.
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