Ingaba iiseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi ziphantsi kakhulu? Ngaba yi-agranulocytosis leyo? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Ngaba uhlala ugula? Ngaba uziva ubuthathaka kwaye udiniwe nokuba lixeshana nje elincinci? Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokubangelwa kukwehla okuyingozi kokuzikhusela komzimba wakho, oko kukuthi ii-neutrophils, uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko embi kodwa enyangekayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-agranulocytosis . Ungakhathazeki, kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-agranulocytosis?

Ngamafutshane, i-Agranulocytosis yimeko esongela ubomi apho inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neutrophils emzimbeni wethu liyehla liye kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu. Ubusazi ukuba iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zifana namajoni kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela? Zizo ezisikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezibangela izifo. Xa inani lale neutrophils lincipha, umzimba wethu uba sesichengeni ngakumbi seentsholongwane. Kwaneentsholongwane ezingasibeki bungozi bungako zinokusigulisa. Khawucinge nje, ukuba iyunithi yamandla akhethekileyo kumkhosi welizwe lethu inyamalale ngequbuliso, ngaba notshaba oluncinci belungayi kuba yingxaki enkulu? Oku kuyafana. Igama elithi "agranulocytosis" livela kwigama elithi granulocytes . Iigranulocytes nazo luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ziqulathe ii-enzymes ezitshabalalisa iintsholongwane. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zegranulocytes: iiNeutrophils , iiEosinophils, kunye neeBasophils . IiNeutrophils zezona seli zimhlophe zegazi zininzi emizimbeni yethu. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bevavanya amanqanaba e-neutrophil ukuze bafumane i-agranulocytosis. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba yi-granulocytopenia .

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Neutropenia kunye ne-Agranulocytosis?

Zombini zinxulunyaniswa nokwehla kwee-neutrophils. Nangona kunjalo, i-agranulocytosis lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwe- neutropenia .

• I-Neutropenia yimeko apho inani lee-neutrophils egazini liphantsi kunesiqhelo. Abantu abanee-neutrophils ezingaphantsi kwe-1,500 kwi-microliter (mL) yegazi kuthiwa bane-neutropenia.
• I-Agranulocytosis lelona nqanaba lokugqibela neliyingozi kakhulu, xa inani lee-neutrophil lihla ngaphantsi kwe-100 kwi-microliter nganye yegazi. Uyaqonda? Olu lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwe-neutropenia.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-agranulocytosis?

Ewe, oku kunokuza ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili: 1. I-agranulocytosis ezuzwe njengelifa:Oku kubangelwa sisifo semfuza. Oko kukuthi, kukho ingxaki ngeejini ezinceda umzimba wethu wenze ii-neutrophils. Le meko ichaphazela kakhulu iintsana nabantwana abancinci. 2. I-Acquired agranulocytosis: Oku kunokuba nezizathu ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha (malunga ne-70% yexesha!) ibangelwa yimpembelelo ecaleni yamayeza athile esiwasebenzisayo. Olu hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga ngokwenene. Ngokwesiqhelo, malunga nabantu abasixhenxe kwikhulu lamawaka ngalinye baba nale meko minyaka le. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika ngokungeyomfuneko, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba niqaphele.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-Agranulocytosis?

Kwimeko enjalo, iimpawu eziphambili zinxulumene nosulelo. Ezi zinokuqala ngequbuliso, okanye zinokwanda kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Jonga ukuba ezi mpawu zivakala ziqhelekile na kuwe:

• Uba nomkhuhlane, uzive ubanda kwaye uqhaqhazela.
• Ukwanda kwesantya sentliziyo kunye nesantya sokuphefumla.
• Ukuziva ungenabomi kwaye udinwe kakhulu.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu (pharyngitis), ukuwohloka kwemisipha yamathumbu, ukopha kweentsini.
• Izilonda emlonyeni nasemqaleni, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuginya ukutya nokusela.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi ngequbuliso (hypotension), isiyezi, ukuquleka, mhlawumbi nokulahlekelwa zingqondo.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, ingakumbi ukuba zivela rhoqo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kugqirha.

Kutheni i-agranulocytosis isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Isizathu esiphambili soku kukwehla okuyingozi kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neutrophils emzimbeni wethu. Zimbini izizathu ezinokubangela oku:

• Nokuba imizimba yethu ayivelisi ii-neutrophils ezaneleyo ukuze isebenze kakuhle.
• Ngaphandle koko, ii-neutrophils emzimbeni ziyatshatyalaliswa, okanye zife ngaphambi kwexesha.

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izizathu ezithile zoku.

I-agranulocytosis ezuzwe njengelifa

Kule meko, kukho ingxaki ngejini enceda ekwenzeni ii-neutrophils. Le yimeko ekhoyo xa umntu ezalwa (ezalwa). Umzekelo, ukuba sithatha i-Kostmann syndrome , okanye i-congenital agranulocytosis , imeko engaqhelekanga, iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zihlala zinezifo, umkhuhlane, ukudumba, kunye neengxaki zamathambo.

I-agranulocytosis efunyenweyo

Kusenokuba nezizathu ezininzi zoku. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi:

• Amayeza athile: Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo . Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane , amayeza okuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo , kunye namayeza e-thyroid anokubangela le meko.
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo : Ezi zizifo apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zomzimba. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-lupus kunye ne -rheumatoid arthritis .
• Izifo zomongo wethambo kunye neengxaki zokungasebenzi kakuhle komongo wethambo: Umzekelo , i-aplastic anemia . Umongo wethambo kulapho iiseli zethu zegazi zenziwa khona.
• Umhlaza: Iimhlaza ezichaphazela umongo wethambo, ingakumbi i-leukemia .
• Unyango lomhlaza (iChemotherapy): Olu nyango lunokutshabalalisa iiseli ezisempilweni kunye nee-neutrophils.
• Ukuvezwa kwiityhefu okanye kwiikhemikhali: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwizinto ezifana nelothe okanye i-mercury.
• Izifo: Izifo ezinzulu ezifana nemalariya , isifo sephepha , kunye nomkhuhlane onamabala eRocky Mountain .
• Ukunqongophala kwezondlo: Ukunqongophala kwezondlo ezibalulekileyo ezifana neVithamin B12 kunye neFolate.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko?

Abafazi banamathuba amancinci okufumana le meko kunamadoda. Kwakhona, i-agranulocytosis inokuchaphazela nabani na wanoma yimuphi ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy ngenxa yomhlaza.
• Abantu abanezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba ezifana ne -lupus kunye ne -rheumatoid arthritis .
• Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza athile, afana neClozapine (Clozaril®) , iyeza le-antipsychotic , iTrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim™) , kunye neMethimazole (Tapazole®), iyeza le-thyroid.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-agranulocytosis?

Le meko inokukhokelela kwiintsholongwane ezixhaphakileyo okanye ezihlala ixesha elide (izifo ezingapheliyo).

Ukuba i-agranulocytosis iyaqhubeka kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezintathu ukuya kwezine, kukho ithuba eliyi-100% lokufumana usulelo.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-sepsis inokukhokelela kwimpendulo enzima nesongela ubomi kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis. I-Sepsis lusulelo olunzima olusasazeka emzimbeni wonke. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala okanye abo banezinye iingxaki zempilo, ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso, okanye isifo semiphunga, basengozini enkulu yokufumana ezi ngxaki.

Uyixilonga njani le nto?

Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani i-agranulocytosis? Badla ngokulandela la manyathelo:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC) kunye nomahluko: Olu vavanyo lujonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli egazini lakho, ingakumbi inani lee-neutrophils. Ukubalwa kwe-neutrophils (i-ANC) engaphantsi kwe-100 nge-microliter yegazi kuthathwa njenge-agranulocytosis. (Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lomntu ophilileyo lingaphezulu kwe-1,500.)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-bone marrow kunye ne-aspirate: Ngamanye amaxesha, olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba i-bone marrow yakho ivelisa njani ii-neutrophils.
• Iimpawu kunye nembali yezonyango: Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, usulelo lwakutshanje, kunye naluphi na uchaphazeleko lweekhemikhali.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Ukuba kukho imeko yemfuza erhanelwayo, uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhona. Oku kungabandakanya i-biopsy yesikhumba okanye uvavanyo lwegazi.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho unyango lwesi sifo, i-agranulocytosis. Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu.

• Ukuyeka amayeza abangela esi sifo: Ukuba kukho amayeza abangela iimpawu zakho, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukuyeka ukuwasebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele. Ungaze uyeke ukuwasebenzisa ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha.
• Ii-antibiotics: Ukuba unentsholongwane, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika ii-antibiotics ezifanelekileyo kunye namanye amayeza okunciphisa iimpawu.
• I-Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF): Olu hlobo lwenaliti lunokunikwa ukunceda umzimba uvelise ii-neutrophils ngokukhawuleza. Imizekelo ibandakanya amayeza afana neFilgrastim (Neupogen®) , Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®) , kunye neLenograstim (Granocyte®) .
• Izinto zokucinezela amasosha omzimba: Ukuba imeko ibangelwa sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, amayeza athintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, njengePrednisone , anokunikwa.
• Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo: Ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumelelanga, unokufuna ukufakelwa umongo wethambo. Kule meko, uya kunikwa umongo wethambo kumntu ophilileyo. Oku kuya kunceda umzimba wakho uvelise ii-neutrophils ezisempilweni kwakhona.
• Ukuthintela izifo: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Abantu abanale meko kufuneka balumke kakhulu ukuze baphephe izifo.
• Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha rhoqo.
• Ziphephe iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kangangoko unako.
• Nxiba isigqubuthelo sobuso/imaski xa uphuma.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nezinye izinto onokuthi uzenze ukuze uthintele ukugula.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Ixesha lokuchacha lixhomekeke kwisizathu sokuba inani lakho le-neutrophil liphantsi kunye nobunzima bemeko. Ukuba yimpembelelo ebekiweyo yeyeza, kudla ngokuthatha iveki ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu ukuba inani lakho le-neutrophil libuyele kwisiqhelo emva kokuba uyekile ukusebenzisa iyeza.

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-agranulocytosis ayinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uthatha amayeza anokwehlisa ii-neutrophils zakho (umz., i-chemotherapy, amanye amayeza engqondo), kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho kwaye ahlolwe amanqanaba akho e-neutrophil rhoqo. Ukuba ufumana i-chemotherapy yomhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa inaliti ye-G-CSF ukunceda ukwandisa imveliso ye-neutrophil.

Injani imeko yomntu one-agranulocytosis?

Nangona le yimeko enokunyangwa, iziphumo zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, okanye ukuba iyekiwe iyeza elinciphisa ii-neutrophils, imeko idla ngokuphela.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, izifo ezinzulu kunye nokufa zinokwenzeka. Okukhona inani lee-neutrophil lihlala likwinqanaba eliyingozi ixesha elide, kokukhona umngcipheko wosulelo kunye neengxaki uphezulu. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 kunye nabo baneengxaki zempilo ezingabonakaliyo (ezifana nesifo sezintso, sentliziyo, okanye semiphunga).

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

I-Agranulocytosis yimeko esongela ubomi. Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukufumana uxilongo kunye nonyango ngoko nangoko. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba unenye yezi mpawu:

• Ukuba ufumana usulelo rhoqo.
• Ukuba usulelo luthatha ixesha elide ukuphola.
• Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu zosulelo ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukubanda, okanye umphimbo obuhlungu.

Ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba okanye usela amayeza anciphisa ii-neutrophils zakho, musa ukulibazisa ukuvavanywa ngugqirha wakho. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha wakho kunokukunceda ujonge amanqanaba ee-neutrophils zakho kwaye kuncede ekuthinteleni usulelo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masiphinde sichaze ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako:

• I-Agranulocytosis yimeko embi kodwa enyangekayo apho kukho ukwehla okukhulu kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neutrophils.
• Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nosulelo oluqhelekileyo, umkhuhlane, okanye umphimbo obuhlungu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Oku kunokubangelwa ngamayeza athile, izifo ezihlasela umzimba, kunye nonyango lomhlaza.
• Unyango lunokubandakanya ukuyeka iyeza elingalunganga, ii-antibiotics, i-G-CSF injections, kwaye mhlawumbi nokufakelwa umongo wethambo.
• Ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane kubaluleke kakhulu. Ungazikhusela ngokwenza izinto ezilula ezifana nokuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kunye nokunxiba imaski xa usesidlangalaleni.
• Ukuba usengozini yoku (umz., ukuba uthatha amayeza athile), musa ukulibazisa ukuya kugqirha.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!