Masifunde ngeRadiopharmaceuticals ngendlela elula. Oku kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe!

Mhlawumbi uyoyika kancinci xa usiva igama elithi "radiopharmaceuticals," akunjalo? Igama elithi "radioactive" lisikhumbuza ngoko nangoko into eyingozi, kodwa xa isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezonyango, inokuba luncedo olukhulu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezinto eziyiyo, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, kunye nokuba zikhuselekile kangakanani kuwe.

Zithini ezi ziyobisi ze-radiopharmaceuticals? Masiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, ezi `(iRadiopharmaceuticals)` zikwaluhlobo olukhethekileyo lwamayeza . Kodwa zinento encinci ene-radioactive, oko kukuthi, zine-radioactive. Ungakhathazeki, le yi-radioactivity elawulwayo nekhuselekileyo. Oogqirha bethu, oko kukuthi, oogqirha kunye nabanikezeli beenkonzo zempilo abanxulumene nabo, basebenzisa la mayeza kwiimvavanyo zokufota kwiyeza lenyukliya kunye nokunyanga izifo ezithile, ingakumbi iithumba ezinomhlaza .

Cinga ngale nto, xa befuna ukubona ukuba kukho into engalunganga emzimbeni wakho, ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bakunika iyeza elincinci ukuba ulisele okanye uhlatywe ngaphambi kokuba uhlolwe? Oku kufana noko. La mayeza akhethekileyo enziwa kwaye asasazwa ngabantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ababizwa ngokuba ziingcali ze-nuclear pharmacist . Emva koko , iingcali ze-radiology kunye neengcali ze-radiologic technologists (RTs) ziyawasebenzisa ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-diagnostic imaging. Ngamanye amaxesha, iingcali ze-radiation oncologists nazo zinika la mayeza njengonyango.

Zisetyenziselwa ntoni ezi ziyobisi ze-radiopharmaceuticals?

La mayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezimbini. Masibone ukuba ayintoni na.

1. Ii-Radiopharmaceuticals zokuxilonga

Ii-Radiopharmaceuticals zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimvavanyo zokujonga amayeza enyukliya . Ezi sizibiza ngokuba "zii-radiopharmaceuticals zokuxilonga." E-United States kuphela, kuqikelelwa ukuba izigidi zezi mvavanyo zonyango lwenyukliya zenziwa minyaka le. Ngoko ke unokucinga ukuba zisetyenziswa kangakanani.

Olu vavanyo lunokujonga ukuba amalungu kunye nezicubu zomzimba wakho zisebenza kakuhle na . Oku kwenziwa ngolu hlobo:

Unikwa isixa esincinci kakhulu sale mithi ye-radioactive ukuze uyisele, uyiphefumle, okanye uyifake. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-radiotracers . Isixa samayeza e-radioactive owanikwayo asizukukwenzakalisa. Sisixa esincinci kakhulu. Eli yeza liya kwindawo apho kukho ingxaki emzimbeni wakho lize liqokelele. Emva koko, ikhamera ebuthathaka kakhulu, njengekhamera ye-gamma, ibona imitha emzimbeni wakho ize yenze imifanekiso enokubonwa ngugqirha .

Khawuthelekelele, eli yeza lifana nomcuphi ongena emzimbeni, efumana iindawo ezinengxaki aze asibonise, "Kulapho ingxaki ikhoyo."

Nazi ezinye zemizekelo yendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ii-radiopharmaceuticals ekuxilongeni isifo:

• I-Fluorine-18: Le yi-radiotracer esetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-PET scans (ii-Positron Emission Tomography scans).
• I-Technetium 99m: Le yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-radioactive kwi-nuclear medicine. Isetyenziselwa ukuhlola amathambo, ukusebenza kwesibindi, kunye nokusebenza kwezintso.
• I-Xenon-133: Eli liyeza elinomhlaza elisetyenziswa xa uphefumla. Linikwa ukujonga ukusebenza kwemiphunga (uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga).
• I-Rubidium-82: Eli liyeza elinikwa wena ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Lisetyenziselwa ukujonga imeko yemisipha yentliziyo (i-myocardial imaging).

2. Ii-Radiopharmaceuticals zonyango

Ngoku masithethe ngendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo ezi ziyobisi kunyango. Ezi zahlukile kancinci kwezo zisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga. Ii-Radiopharmaceuticals ezisetyenziselwa unyango zikhupha imitha enamandla kakhulu kwaye ibulala iiseli . Oku kwenzelwa ukubulala iiseli ezingaphilanga kakuhle, ingakumbi iiseli zomhlaza .

La mayeza afana "nabazingeli abaxabisekileyo." Oko kukuthi, afumana iiseli zomhlaza aze ahambise unyango lwemitha ngqo kwezo seli . Oku kwahlukile kunyango lwemitha lwangaphandle , olusebenzisa umatshini ukuthumela imisebe yemitha ngaphandle komzimba wakho. Kodwa ezi ziyobisi zonyango zisebenza ngokuthe ngqo ngokujolisa kujoliswe kuko.

Eli candelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ane-radioactive kunyango, litsha kakhulu. Abaphandi basahlola iindlela ezintsha zokusetyenziswa kwawo. Bakholelwa ukuba amayeza ane-radiopharmaceuticals aza kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kunyango lomhlaza kwixesha elizayo.

Zeziphi ii-radiopharmaceuticals ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-"Radiopharmaceuticals" ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukunyanga umhlaza. Umzekelo:

• I-PLUVICTO® (i-lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan): Eli liyeza elivunyiweyo yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza we-prostate (umhlaza we-prostate omelana ne-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer - i-PSMA-positive mCRPC).
• Lutathera™ `(Lutathera™ - Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate)`:Eli liyeza elivunyiweyo yi-FDA. Lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ii-neuroendocrine tumors ezithile (i-somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) ezenzeka esiswini, emathunjini, nakwi-pancreas.
• Iodine-131: Olu lolona hlobo luphambili lonyango lwe-iodine olusebenzisa i-radioactive. Lunokunyanga ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid kunye nezinye iimeko zesifo sikaGraves, esaziwa ngokuba yi-hyperthyroidism.
• I-Radium-223: Oku kusebenza kakhulu ekunyangeni iithumba zamathambo ezenzeka xa umhlaza weprostate usasazeka (usasazeka) emathanjeni. I-FDA yase-US ivumile i-Radium-223 dichloride (Xofigo™) ngenxa yesi sizathu.

Ukongeza, ezinye iintlobo ezininzi zonyango lwe-radiopharmaceutical okwangoku zikwizilingo zeklinikhi zezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.

Zeziphi ii-radiopharmaceuticals ezisetyenziswa kakhulu?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, iTechnetium-99m yi-radiopharmaceutical esetyenziswa kakhulu ngoogqirha. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimvavanyo zokuxilonga. Inceda "ukubona" ​​oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuphalaza kwegazi kwimiphunga yakho.
• Ukuhamba kwegazi kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo yegazi (iVascular perfusion).
• Amathambo.
• Izicubu zentliziyo.
• Iindlala zeLacrimal.
• Indlala yegilo.

Ezinye ii-radiopharmaceuticals ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi:

• ¹⁸F I-Fluorodeoxyglucose `(¹⁸F I-Fluorodeoxyglucose - FDG)`
• I-Gallium-68 DOTATATE
• I-Gallium-68 PSMA `(Gallium-68 PSMA)`
• ¹⁸F PSMA `(¹⁸F PSMA)`
• I-Iodine 123 `(Iodine 123)`

Ngoko ke ngaba ezi ziyobisi ze-radiopharmaceuticals zikhuselekile ngokwenene?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Xa zisetyenziswa kwaye zilawulwa kakuhle, amayeza e-radiopharmaceuticals akhuselekile. Ingcali yakho ye-radiation kunye/okanye ingcali ye-radiation oncologist iza kusebenza nengcali ye-nuclear pharmaceutical ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubungakanani be-radiopharmaceutical oyinikiweyo buchanekile kwaye bukhuselekile . Ngoko ke akukho nto ibalulekileyo yokukhathazeka ngayo.

Njengazo zonke amayeza, unyango lwe-radiation lunokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga . Nangona kunjalo, iingenelo zeyeza zihlala zinkulu kuneengozi. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango.

Nangona amayeza e-radiopharmaceuticals ebesetyenziswa amashumi eminyaka kwimifanekiso yamayeza enyukliya, asandul’ ukuqala ukusetyenziswa ukunyanga umhlaza. Abaphandi basafunda indlela la mayeza ane-radioactive ajolise kwaye abulale ngayo iiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngezilingo zeklinikhi ze-radiopharmaceuticals zonyango lomhlaza, thetha nogqirha wakho. Bayakuvuyela ukukunceda.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esithethe ngazo, nazi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Ii-Radiopharmaceuticals luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwamayeza olulawula i-radioactivity .
• Ezi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimvavanyo zokuxilonga (umz. ii-PET scans, ii-bone scans) kunye nokunyanga ezinye izifo, ingakumbi umhlaza .
• Kwi-diagnostics, ezi zisebenza njenge-"Radiotracers", "zibonisa" iindawo zomzimba apho kukho iingxaki khona.
• Kwiindlela zonyango, ezi zinceda ekujoliseni nasekutshabalaliseni iiseli zomhlaza .
• La mayeza akhuselekile xa enikwa phantsi kweliso elifanelekileyo likagqirha . Njengakweminye imithi, kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci, kodwa iingenelo zihlala zingaphezulu kwezo.
• Eli candelo, ingakumbi kunyango lomhlaza, lisatshintsha , kwaye kulindeleke ezinye izinto ezininzi kwixesha elizayo.

Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa usiva nge-``(Radiopharmaceutical)'', ngoku uyaqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni na kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni, akunjalo? Ukuba uneminye imibuzo, soloko ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho.

Amayeza e- Radiopharmaceuticals, Amayeza eNyukliya, Unyango loMhlaza, Iiskeni, Unyango lweMisebe, Uxilongo