Ukuphefumla nokuphefumla zizinto ezilula, zendalo ezenzeka kuthi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sikhathazwa zizinto ezifana nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo, ukuphefumla okungapheliyo, kunye nokuxinana kwesifuba. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo semiphunga esingaqhelekanga esibi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kodwa abantu abaninzi abangazange beve ngaso. Ezi azithethwa kangako. Ngoko ke, namhlanje sithetha ngezifo zemiphunga ezingaqhelekanga ekufuneka siziqaphele.
Zeziphi ezi zifo zemiphunga ezingaqhelekanga?
Ngamafutshane, izifo ezingaqhelekanga zemiphunga ziimeko ezinzulu nezingapheliyo ezichaphazela inani elincinci kakhulu labantu. Imiphunga lilungu eliphambili lenkqubo yethu yokuphefumla. Xa siphefumla, ioksijini esemoyeni yongezwa egazini kwaye i-carbon dioxide esegazini ikhutshwa kwakhona emiphungeni. Ngoko ke, ezi zifo zingaqhelekanga ziyayiphazamisa le nkqubo ibalulekileyo emiphungeni.
Oogqirha bafumanise amakhulu ezifo ezingaqhelekanga zemiphunga. Ezi zifo zihlala zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezinye zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Into ebuhlungu kukuba akukho nyango lwezi zifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokulawula iimpawu kwaye lucothise ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukufakelwa imiphunga njengesisombululo sokugqibela.
Zeziphi izifo zemiphunga ezingaqhelekanga eziqhelekileyo?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezifo ezingaqhelekanga ezichaphazela imiphunga. Makhe sijonge ezinye zazo ngokweenkcukacha kwitheyibhile. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba uziqonde kakuhle ezi zifo.
| Igama leSifo | Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzekayo. | Iindlela zonyango |
|---|---|---|
| Ukunqongophala kwe-Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AATD) | Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-AAT, iproteni eveliswa sisibindi, egazini. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo zemiphunga nezesibindi (umz. i-COPD, i-cirrhosis). | Unyango lokwandisa, amayeza, unyango lweoksijini, ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga, ukufakelwa kwemiphunga. |
| I-Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. I-mucus enamathelayo netyebileyo iqokelelana kwizitho zomzimba ezifana nemiphunga kunye nepancreas. | Unyango lokuphelisa ukuxinana kwendlela yokuphefumla, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala, ukufakelwa kwemiphunga. |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemithambo yemiphunga (i-PAH) | Imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) emiphungeni iyaqina ize inciphe, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye yonyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi emiphungeni. | Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sale meko. Unyango ngamayeza yeyona nto iphambili. |
| Izifo zeMiphunga eziPhakathi - Iqela lezifo ezonakalisa izicubu zemiphunga | ||
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) | Isizathu esichanekileyo asikaziwa. Izicubu zemiphunga ziyaqina, ziqine, kwaye kuvela amanxeba. | Amayeza alawula ukusasazeka kwesi sifo, unyango lweoksijini, ukufakelwa kwemiphunga. |
| Ubuthathaka obukhulu kwi-Pneumonitis (HP) | Ukunganyamezelani okubangelwa kukuphefumla izinto ezikwindawo esingqongileyo (ukungunda, iibhaktheriya, iikhemikhali) kunokubangela ukudumba kunye nokulimala kwemiphunga. | Ii-corticosteroids, ii-immunosuppressants, unyango lwe-oxygen. |
| I-Sarcoidosis | Kuvela amaqhuma amancinci (iigranuloma) ngaphakathi emiphungeni. Isizathu esichanekileyo asicaci. | Ii-corticosteroids, amayeza okulwa nomhlaza, amayeza emalariya. |
Kutheni oku kukwabizwa ngokuba sisifo semiphunga "esingenabazali"?
Nangona eli ligama elingaqhelekanga, kukho ibali elikhulu emva kwalo. Ezi zifo zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Orphan Lung Diseases". Isizathu soku kukuba abantu abanezi zifo baziva ngathi "bangabodwa" kwihlabathi lezonyango. Khawucinge nje, kuba ezi zifo zinqabile, kunzima ukufumana oogqirha abanokuzixilonga ngokuchanekileyo baze bazinyange. Kwakhona, akukho phando luninzi olwenziweyo ngezi zifo. Ke ngoko, aba baguli kunye neentsapho zabo bashiywe bengenakunceda.
Yintoni ebangela ezi zifo zemiphunga ezingaqhelekanga?
Akukho sizathu sinye sezi zifo. Zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela ezi zifo.
- Izizathu zemfuza: Ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-cystic fibrosis, zidluliselwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni ngeemfuza. Le meko isenokuba ikhona xa umntwana ezalwa.
- Izinto ezisingqongileyo: Ezi zinokubangelwa zizinto ezisemoyeni esiziphefumlayo. Umzekelo, ukuphefumla i-asbestos ixesha elide, uthuli lwamalahle, indle yeentaka, ukungunda, umsi wecuba, okanye ezinye iikhemikhali.
- Iintsholongwane: Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa ziibhaktiriya, iintsholongwane, okanye iifungus nazo zinokubangela oku.
- Ezinye iimeko zonyango: Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni, apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela umzimba wayo, nazo zinokubangela umonakalo emaphaphu. Umzekelo, isifo samathambo kunye ne-lupus.
- Izizathu ezingaziwayo (Idiopathic): Ezinye izifo, umzekelo idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), zimbi kakhulu kangangokuba oogqirha abasazi ukuba kutheni zisenzeka.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ezi zifo azisuleli. Oko kuthetha ukuba azinakudluliselwa ukusuka kwesinye isigulana ukuya kwesinye.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi zifo?
Nangona iimpawu zahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo, uninzi lwezi zifo zemiphunga ezingaqhelekanga zineempawu ezifanayo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukuba uxhalabe.
- Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo: Ukukhwehlela okomileyo okanye okunezikhwehlela okuhlala iiveki okanye iinyanga.
- Ukuphefumla kancinci (ukuphelelwa ngamandla): Ukuphefumla kancinci, ingakumbi xa uzilolonga, uhamba, okanye unyuka izinyuko. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuphefumla kancinci kunokwenzeka naxa umi nje ungashukumi.
- Intlungu yesifuba: Ukuxinana kwesifuba okungapheliyo okanye intlungu.
- Izandi ezingaqhelekanga xa uphefumla: Isandi esithi "chirchir" okanye isandi somlozi esiphuma esifubeni (ukuphefumla).
- Usulelo oluqhelekileyo esifubeni: Ukuba unezifo ezixhaphakileyo ezifana ne-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia.
- Ukudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukuhla ukusinda:Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokuzama ukunciphisa umzimba.
Ayinguye wonke umntu onezi mpawu onesifo esingaqhelekanga semiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Zifunyaniswa njani ezi zifo?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukubuza imibuzo emininzi malunga neempawu zakho, nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho onesi sifo, kunye nendawo osebenza kuyo. Emva koko unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kufunyaniswe esi sifo.
| Igama lovavanyo | Wenza ntoni ngale nto? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Jonga ezinye iimeko zempilo kwaye ujonge izizathu zemfuza. |
| Uvavanyo lokuFanekisa | Kwenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ukujonga ukuba akukho zizilonda okanye ezinye iingxaki ezingaqhelekanga emiphungeni. |
| Uvavanyo lweMisebenzi yePulmonary | Ilinganisa indlela imiphunga yakho enokuphefumla ngayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. |
| I-Bronchoscopy | Ityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo idluliselwa kwindlela yomoya ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi emiphungeni. Ngamanye amaxesha isiqwenga sesicwili (i-biopsy) sinokuthathwa ukuze sihlolwe. |
| I-Lung Biopsy | Esi sifo sichongwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokususwa kwesuntswana elincinci lezicubu emphungeni size silihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope. |
Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyaqhubeka, kungcono ukubona ingcali yezifo zamaphaphu ukongeza kugqirha wakho oqhelekileyo.
Indlela yokunyanga nokulawula?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, akukho nyango lupheleleyo lwezi zifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango oluninzi olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu, ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, nokwenza ubomi bube lula.
Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ukusuka kwisigulana ukuya kwisigulana nakwisifo ngasinye.
- Amayeza: Kusetyenziswa amayeza ahlukeneyo, afana ne-corticosteroids enciphisa ukudumba, amayeza alawula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kunye nee-antibiotics.
- Unyango lwe-oksijini: Kubantu abanezinga eliphantsi le-oksijini egazini, i-oksijini eyongezelelweyo inikwa ngetyhubhu yempumlo okanye i-mouthpiece. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima bokuphefumla kwaye kuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
- Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga: Le yinkqubo ekhethekileyo equka ukuzilolonga, ukutya okunempilo, imfundo ngesi sifo, kunye neengcebiso. Oku kuphucula amandla omzimba nawengqondo yesigulana.
- Ukufakelwa Kwemiphunga: Olu lukhetho kuphela lwezigulane ezikwimeko embi kakhulu ezingenakulawulwa lolunye unyango.
Ndingazithintela ezi zifo?
Asinakuthintela izifo ezibangelwa lufuzo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezinye izifo:
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukuba usebenza kwindawo apho kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezifana neekhemikhali okanye uthuli, nxiba isixhobo sokuphefumla esifanelekileyo .
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo semiphunga esibangelwa yimfuza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana iingcebiso ngemfuza ngaphambi kokuba ube nabantwana.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Izifo ezingaqhelekanga zemiphunga ziimeko ezinzulu, ezihlala ixesha elide ezinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokukhohlela okungapheliyo, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye iintlungu zesifuba, musa ukuzityeshela uze ubone ugqirha. Okukhona isifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona unyango luya kuphumelela.
- Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo lwezi zifo ezininzi, kukho unyango olunokulawula iimpawu, lwenze ubomi bube lula, kwaye lwandise ixesha lokuphila.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unale meko, musa ukuphelelwa lithemba. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso, ungaphila ubomi obungcono.
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