Sonke siyayithanda imibala emihle, akunjalo? Kumnandi kakhulu xa kufakwa umbala omhle eludongeni lwekhaya lethu, iimpahla esizinxibayo, nezinto esizisebenzisayo. Kodwa khawucinge, kuthekani ukuba umbala omhle owuthandayo ukuwusebenzisa ujika ube yityhefu ebulalayo? Namhlanje ndiza kuthetha nawe ngebali elimangalisayo neliyinyani. Eli libali elimalunga nombala oluhlaza okhanyayo owakha wathimba lonke iNgilane, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wabulala abantu buthule.
Loo mbala uluhlaza obulalayo owawukho kuyo yonke indawo
Eli bali liqala eNgilani ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngelo xesha, ngeNguquko yezeMizi-mveliso, iifektri kuyo yonke indawo, kunye nesibhakabhaka esizele ngumsi, abantu babewuthanda kakhulu umbala oluhlaza wendalo. Okwangoku, umbala oluhlaza onomtsalane kakhulu nokhanyayo wabonakala. Wawubizwa ngokuba yi-'Scheele's Green'. Lo mbala uqanjwe ngegama lesazinzulu saseSweden esawufumana ngo-1778. Lo mbala waba nomdla kakhulu kangangokuba wawusetyenziswa kuyo yonke into ukusuka eludongeni lweBuckingham Palace ukuya kwiikhava zeencwadi, iimpahla, amathoyizi, imihombiso yeekeyiki, kunye neelekese. Yayingumbala "wayo" ngelo xesha, oko kukuthi, umbala odumileyo.
Kodwa ngasemva kobu buhle kwakulele imfihlo ebulalayo. Le pigment yenziwa ngokuxuba ubhedu kunye nomoya-mpilo kunye ne- arsenic enetyhefu eninzi.
Ngamafutshane, abantu ngelo xesha babesebenzisa le tyhefu ibulalayo emakhayeni abo kwanasemizimbeni yabo bengazi.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-arsenic?
I-Arsenic yinto efumaneka ngokwemvelo emhlabeni wethu namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Ngelo xesha, oogqirha babesebenzisa i-arsenic ngobuninzi bayo ukunyanga izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, i-asthma,
kunye ne-eczema . Okumangalisayo kukuba, nanamhlanje, i-compound ebizwa ngokuba yi-arsenic trioxide isetyenziswa ngempumelelo njengeyeza le-chemotherapy ukunyanga uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-leukemia, i-Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, abantu bebesazi kangangeenkulungwane ukuba i-arsenic yityhefu eyoyikekayo. Kwimbali, yayikwabizwa ngokuba "ngukumkani weetyhefu" kuba yayisetyenziselwa ukubulala iintshaba zookumkani ngasese. Ngenxa yokuba ayinavumba okanye incasa, inokuxutywa ngokulula ekutyeni naseziseloni. Kwakhona, ekubeni iimpawu zokuqala zetyhefu ye-arsenic, ezifana
nesicaphucaphu ,
ukuhlanza , kunye
nokuqaqamba kwesisu , zifana neempawu zezifo ezifana nekholera, ezazixhaphakile ngelo xesha, akukho mntu wayecinga ukuba yayikukubulala.
Ingozi ityhilekile
Kwangowe-1839, ingcali yemichiza yaseJamani yalumkisa ngale nto. Yathi ukuba uScheele's Green ixhonywe kumagumbi afumileyo, inokukhupha igesi enobuthi. Kungekudala emva kokuba loo ngxelo ipapashiwe, abantwana abane eLondon bafa ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla. Amagumbi abo ayexhonywe ngokutsha ngolu donga luluhlaza. Xa olu donga lwavavanywa kamva, kwafunyaniswa ukuba lunomlinganiselo obulalayo we-arsenic ngenyawo yesikwere. Ezinye izifo nokufa kwabangelwa yile mbala iluhlaza. Omnye ugqirha wafumanisa i-arsenic kwezi ndonga xa wayephanda into yokuba wayephuma kwigumbi lakhe elinodonga oluluhlaza ubusuku ngabunye enezihlunu zesisu, isiyezi, kunye nomnqweno wokuhlanza. Wathi, "Abantu abaninzi eBritane batya ityhefu kancinci kancinci."
Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-arsenic ingena emzimbeni?
Umonakalo owenziwa yi-arsenic emzimbeni uxhomekeke kakhulu kubungakanani (idosi) etyiweyo. Makhe sibone ukuba zithini iziphumo.
| Uhlobo lwetyhefu | Iimpawu kunye neziphumo |
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| Ityhefu ebukhali ( ukutya isixa esikhulu ngaxeshanye) | - Okokuqala, iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya (isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu eziqatha, urhudo ) ziyavela.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi luyehla ngequbuliso.
- Kwenzeka ukungahambelani kwesantya sentliziyo (arrhythmias).
- Ukulahleka kolwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni kunokukhokelela ekuthukeni, ekuweni kwentliziyo , kwanokufa kwiiyure ezimbalwa.
- Ukuba ubomi buyasinda, inani leeseli zegazi ezimhlophe nezibomvu liya kwehla kakhulu kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-peripheral neuropathy ezandleni nasezinyaweni, okubangela ukudumba, ukungakhululeki, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukufa.
|
| Ityhefu engapheliyo (ukuthatha ixesha elide) | - Iyandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu, umhlaza wemiphunga, kunye nomhlaza wesinyi. Inganegalelo kumhlaza wesibindi kunye nezintso.
- Ibangela iziphumo ezininzi ezingezizo zomhlaza. Inxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, kunye nesifo semithambo yobuchopho.
- Ubungqina obutsha bubonisa ukuba bunokuchaphazela kakubi impilo yokuzala kwaye buchaphazele uphuhliso lwengqondo lwabantwana.
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Ngelo xesha, abantu babengayiqondi kakuhle imiphumo yexesha elide ye-arsenic. Kodwa bayibona eminye yayo. Bade bayibonisa nakwiincwadi zonyango nakwiikhathuni zamaphephandaba, ezifana nokuguqulwa kombala ophezulu kunye nokuwohloka komzimba ngenxa yokuphefumla okanye ukuginywa kwe-arsenic.
Isiphelo sombala kunye nesifundo kuthi
Nangona ezi zilumkiso zazikho, iphepha lodonga eliluhlaza laliyishishini elikhulu ngelo xesha. KwanoWilliam Morris, umyili wephepha lodonga odumileyo, wayesebenzisa umbala. Akuphelelanga apho, wayekwangumnini-zabelo kwinkampani enkulu ye-arsenic ngelo xesha. Wahlekisa ngoloyiko lwe-arsenic ngokuthi, “Kufana nokoyika amagqwirha.” Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1879, undwendwe lwasebukhosini eBuckingham Palace lwagula emva kokulala kwigumbi elinephepha lodonga eliluhlaza. Emva kwesi siganeko, uKumkanikazi uVictoria wayalela ukuba
lonke iphepha lodonga eliluhlaza elalisebhotwe lisuswe . Kancinci kancinci, ulwazi loluntu lwasasazeka ngeengxelo zamaphephandaba. Ngaphambi kokuba urhulumente awise umthetho, abantu ngokwabo baqala ukwala iimveliso ezine-arsenic. Oku kwanyanzela abavelisi ukuba bavelise imibala ekhuselekileyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo esiyiqondayo kweli bali kukuba akulunganga ukukhohliswa bubuhle bangaphandle bento ethile. Ikwabonisa indlela ulwazi olunamandla ngayo kuluntu xa kufikwa kwimpilo yoluntu.
Nanamhlanje, kunzima ukuphinda umbala oluhlaza wendalo. Kwanezinye zeemibala eziluhlaza ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje azinabungozi kangako kwindalo. Imizamo yabantu yokulinganisa indalo iseyingozi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho iingozi ezifihlakeleyo emva kwezinto ezibonakala zintle, ngoko ke lumka, ingakumbi ngeemveliso eziqulethe iikhemikhali.
- I-Arsenic yityhefu ebulalayo enokubulala ukuba ityiwa ngobuninzi ngaxeshanye, kwaye inokubangela umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo ezinzulu ukuba ityiwa kancinci.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo urhanela naluphi na uhlobo lwetyhefu, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko okanye uqhagamshelane neZiko loLwazi lweeTyhefu zeSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo.Fowunela iZiko loLwazi lweSizwe ngeePoison.
- Ukwaziswa koluntu malunga nempilo kunokuba namandla njengemithetho nemigaqo karhulumente, okanye kube namandla ngaphezu kwayo.
I-Arsenic, ubuthi be-arsenic, i-Scheele's Green, ubuthi, iityhefu, izifo zembali, imbali yempilo
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