Khawuthelekelele ukuba ungumntu osempilweni ngokubanzi, ongenasifo okanye iintlungu ezithile, uqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Uzilolonga, utya kakuhle, kwaye usela. Kodwa ngequbuliso, ngokungalindelekanga, uziva intlungu ebukhali esifubeni sakho, ukuxinana. Uqala ukubila, unengxaki yokuphefumla, kwaye uziva intlungu ehla engalweni yakho. Yintoni into yokuqala efika engqondweni yakho? "Owu, ngaba ndinesifo sentliziyo?" Ayiloloyiko olo? Kodwa ezi mpawu azifani rhoqo neempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo eqhelekileyo esizaziyo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngengxakeko yezonyango ebonakala ifana, kodwa yahlukile kancinci, ingakumbi phakathi kwabasetyhini abancinci, abasempilweni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection' okanye `(SCAD)` ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-SCAD?
Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kulula kakhulu ukuqonda okwenzekayo. Cinga ngentliziyo yethu njengenjini esebenza rhoqo. Le njini ifuna ukunikezelwa kwegazi rhoqo, oko kuthetha ioksijini kunye nezondlo, ukuze isebenze. Eli gazi lithwalwa liye kwimisipha yentliziyo yimithambo yegazi efana nenkqubo encinci yombhobho. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba yimithambo yentliziyo.
Ngoku, nangona le mithambo yentliziyo ifana nombhobho, udonga lwayo lwenziwe ngamaleya amathathu ancamathiselweyo. Njengekhekhe leleya. Kwimeko ye-SCAD, okwenzekayo kukuba, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, ukukrazuka okuncinci kwenzeka ngequbuliso kwenye yeeleya ezingaphakathi kolu donga lwemithambo.
Khawucinge ngento eyenzekayo xa ingaphakathi lombhobho wamanzi likrazukile kancinci. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi lubangela ukuba amanzi avuza ngokukrazula aze avaleleke phakathi kweendonga ezimbini zombhobho. Ngokufanayo, xa kukho ukukrazuka kumthambo wegazi, igazi elihamba phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu livuza phakathi kwezi membrane zimbini kwaye liqokelelane. Xa igazi livaleleke ngale ndlela, livuthuluka lungene eludongeni lomthambo kuloo ndawo, livale ukuhamba kwegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"hematoma". Xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuncitshiswa okanye kuvaliwe ngokupheleleyo ngale ndlela, inani legazi elifikelela kwimisipha yentliziyo liyancipha. Kulapho ke iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo esithethe ngazo ngaphambili zibonakala khona.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-SCAD ayisosifo sentliziyo, esidla ngokubangelwa yi-cholesterol deposits (atherosclerosis) evala imithambo yegazi. Le yinkqubo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Zithini iimpawu zoku? Uzibona njani?
Iimpawu ze-SCAD zifana kakhulu nezo zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okuqhelekileyo, ngoko ke kulula ukuzibhidanisa zombini ezi mpawu. Kodwa ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukuzijonga njengengxamiseko yezonyango .
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yesifuba okanye uxinzelelo | Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Kungavakala ngathi isifuba sakho siyaqina okanye siyancipha. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Usenokuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo kwaye isifuba sakho sisenokuziva sigcwele. |
| Intlungu engalweni, egxalabeni, entanyeni, okanye emhlathini | Iintlungu zesifuba zinokusasazeka engalweni yasekhohlo, egxalabeni, okanye emhlathini. |
| Ukubila okugqithisileyo | Usenokuziva ubanda kwaye ubila ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Isiyezi okanye ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu | Ukuziva unesizungu okanye utyhafile. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Ukuhlanza kunokuhambisana nentlungu yesisu. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza. |
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa umzuzwana. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko okanye ubize i-ambulensi. Le asinto onokuyigcina ekhaya.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa i-SCAD?
Le yeyona nto imangalisayo nge-SCAD. Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kudla ngokuvela kubantu abadala, abaneengxaki ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye ne-cholesterol. Kodwa i-SCAD ayinjalo.
- Eyona ixhaphakileyo kubasetyhini: Kwizigulane ezili-10 ze-SCAD, ezili-9 ngabafazi.
- Ebancinci: Le meko ixhaphakile, ingakumbi kubafazi abasempilweni abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40-50 abangenazo ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
- Okunxulumene nokukhulelwa: Abanye abafazi banokuba nale meko ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye emva kokubeleka. Kukholelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukutshintsha kweehomoni kunye noxinzelelo lokuzala.
- Uxinzelelo olukhulu lomzimba okanye lwengqondo: Ukuphakamisa ngequbuliso iintsimbi ezinzima, umthambo onzima, okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu ngokweemvakalelo okanye ukudakumba kunokubangela imeko ye-SCAD.
- Ezinye iimeko zonyango: Abantu abane-Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) (isifo esenza buthathaka iindonga zemithambo yegazi), izifo zezicubu ezinxibelelanayo ezifana ne-Marfan syndrome, kunye ne-lupus nabo basengozini.
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto?
Xa usiya kwigumbi likaxakeka, into yokuqala eyenziwa ngoogqirha kukujonga ukuba ngaba unesifo sentliziyo na. Benza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze babone ukuba unesifo sentliziyo na. Kufuneka uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ukuze kufunyaniswe ngokuchanekileyo i-SCAD.
| Uvavanyo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) | Umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo uyarekhodwa kwaye iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo ziyajongwa. |
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Amanqanaba ee-enzymes eziqokelelana egazini xa izihlunu zentliziyo zonakele ayajongwa. |
| I-Angiogram yeCoronary | Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili nolubaluleke kakhulu lokufumanisa i-SCAD.Kufakwa umbhobho omncinci ngomthambo osengalweni okanye emlenzeni kwaye kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo kwimithambo yentliziyo. Emva koko kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kujongwe ngaphakathi kwimithambo. Kwimeko ye-SCAD, oku kungabonisa ngokucacileyo indlela umthambo oqhekekileyo ngayo kwaye ukuhamba kwegazi kuvaliwe. |
| IVUS okanye u-OCT | Ezi zi-scan ezikhethekileyo ezenziwa ngaxeshanye ne-angiogram ukuze kubonakale ngokucacileyo ingaphakathi lomthambo. |
Inyangwa njani? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha?
Unyango lwe-SCAD lwahlukile kancinci kunonyango lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo rhoqo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, uninzi lweemeko ze-SCAD ziyaphela ngokwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha ngamayeza, ngaphandle kotyando okanye iinkqubo ezinkulu. Umzimba unokuziphilisa ngokwawo umthambo oqhekekileyo.
Iindlela zonyango
- Unyango ngamayeza: Amayeza anjenge-aspirin yokuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi, ii-beta-blockers zokulawula isantya sentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuthomalalisa imithambo yegazi, kunye namayeza okulawula iintlungu zesifuba zibalulekile.
- Ukulaliswa esibhedlele: Isigulana sigcinwa kwigumbi lonyango olunzima okanye kwigumbi lesibhedlele kangangeentsuku ezininzi, kwaye ukusebenza kwentliziyo kujongwa ngononophelo.
- I-Angioplasty kunye ne-Stenting: Oku kwenziwa rhoqo kakhulu. Kuphela xa umthambo uvalekile ngokupheleleyo kwaye ubomi besigulana busemngciphekweni, kusetyenziswa ibhaluni ukufutha umthambo kwaye kufakwa isixhobo esifana ne-mesh (stent) ukuze uhlale uvulekile.
- Utyando lwe-Bypass: Oku akwenzeki rhoqo kwi-SCAD.
Ixesha lokuchacha liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ngokwesiqhelo kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele malunga neentsuku ezi-3-5. Kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ezininzi ukuba umthambo oqhekekileyo uphole ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo ngeli xesha.
Emva kokuphila
Nokuba emva kokuba uphilile, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke uye ekliniki phantsi kweliso likagqirha wentliziyo.
- Unyango lwentliziyo: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Le nkqubo ikunceda ukuba uzilolonge ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kweliso likagqirha, utye ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo, kwaye ulawule uxinzelelo.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila: Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba uphephe ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kunye nemisebenzi ebangela uxinzelelo olukhulu emzimbeni wakho.
Xa kuvela i-SCAD, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva uxhalabile kwaye ukhathazekile, uzibuza, "Ngaba into efana nale iza kuphinda yenzeke?" Thetha ngokukhululekileyo ngale nto nogqirha wakho. Funa iingcebiso zengqondo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-SCAD yimeko engxamisekileyo ebangela ukuqhekeka ngequbuliso komthambo wentliziyo, nangona ineempawu ezifanayo nezokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kodwa yahlukile.
- Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abasempilweni, abangekho semngciphekweni wezinye izifo zentliziyo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana neentlungu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukubila kakhulu, musa ukuzityeshela. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Uninzi lwezigulane ze-SCAD zichacha ngokupheleleyo ngamayeza, kwaye utyando alufuneki rhoqo.
- Emva kokuchacha, ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, ukuqhubeka nokuya eklinikhi, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokulungisa intliziyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yakho yexesha elizayo.
- Ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga noloyiko kunye nokuxhalaba okufumanayo emva kokujongana nale meko kwaye ucele inkxaso yengqondo efunekayo.
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