Ngaba umthambo osentliziyweni yakho ungaqhawuka ngequbuliso? Masifunde yonke into malunga ne-SCAD (Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection)!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba umntu osempilweni nozilolonga kakuhle angenza njani ukuba ahlaselwe yintliziyo ngequbuliso? Okanye ibhinqa eliselula elisempilweni elisandul’ ukuba ngumama lingenza njani ukuba live iintlungu zesifuba ngequbuliso? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesimo sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-SCAD, okanye i-Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection .

Yintoni i-SCAD (Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection)? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, i-SCAD kukukrazuka okanye ukwahlukana ngequbuliso phakathi kweengqimba ezimbini eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi yentliziyo ethwala igazi liye entliziyweni yethu. Cinga ngale ndlela: umthambo wegazi ufana nombhobho omncinci. Udonga lwale mbhobho lwenziwe ziingqimba ezininzi. Kwi-SCAD, enye yezi ngqimba iyakrazuka kwaye igazi liyavuza phakathi kwazo. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Elo gazi liyaqokelelana lize livuzele emthanjeni. Liyakhukhumala njengebhaluni. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni kuyavalwa, okanye kuqala ukuhamba kancinci.

Oku kufana nethumba elincinci elikhula ngaphakathi kumbhobho wamanzi lize liwuvale. Emva koko intliziyo ayifumani ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo.

I-SCAD yonyusa umngcipheko wakho wesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi -Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) . Esi sikwaluhlobo lwesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu zesifuba, okanye i-angina . Kungakhokelela nakwisifo sentliziyo, esinokuba yingozi ebomini.

Athetha ukuthini la magama?

Ukuba sijonga intsingiselo yala magama mathathu athi SCAD ngokwahlukeneyo, uza kusiqonda ngcono esi sifo.

• Okuzenzekelayo: Oku kuthetha ukuba kwenzeka ngequbuliso, ngaphandle kwesilumkiso .
• Imithambo yeCoronary: Le yimithambo yegazi ephambili enika intliziyo yethu igazi elicocekileyo neligcwele ioksijini. Sinemithambo emibini ephambili yecoronary, eyasekhohlo neyasekunene. Yahlukana ibe ngamasebe amancinci.
• Ukuqhaqha: Kwizonyango, eli gama libhekisa ekwahlulweni kwezicubu zibe ziingqimba, njengokukrazula.

Uyaqonda? Oko kuthetha ukuba, le nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-SCAD xa umthambo wegazi entliziyweni ugqabhuka ngequbuliso ngaphakathi ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.

Yintoni i-Acute Coronary Syndrome?

Esi asisosifo sinye. Ligama eliqhelekileyo leemeko ezahlukeneyo apho ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni kuncipha ngequbuliso. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka xa i-plaque, eqokelelana ngamafutha ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi -atherosclerosis okanye "ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi") igqabhuka ngequbuliso. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezisongela ubomi ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo , ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye istroke .

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-SCAD?

Iingcali zonyango zithi i-SCAD yimeko engafunyaniswanga kakuhle. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nabantu abane kwabalikhulu abafumana i-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (4%) bane-SCAD. Ukongeza, i-SCAD yimbangela yemeko enye kwezine (25%) ze-ACS kubasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala! Oku kuthetha ukuba isenokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kubasetyhini abancinci kunokuba ucinga.

Kutheni i-SCAD isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Iingcali azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-SCAD. Okumangalisayo kukuba, abantu abaninzi abafumana le meko baselula, basempilweni kwaye basempilweni. Kananjalo abanaso isifo sentliziyo ngaphambili.

Abanye abaguli be-SCAD basandula ukuzalwa . Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba i-SCAD inokwenzeka kakhulu ngexesha lokuya exesheni okanye emva kokuya exesheni . Ke ngoko, kukho ukurhaneleka kokuba utshintsho kwiihomoni zabasetyhini lunokudlala indima koku.

I-SCAD ayiqhelekanga kakhulu kumadoda, iyenzeka ngaphantsi kweshumi ekhulwini (10%). Kumadoda, oku kukrazuka kudla ngokuvela emva kokuzilolonga kakhulu (uqeqesho lokuqinisa) okanye ukuphakamisa into enzima . Lo msebenzi womzimba unokukrazula udonga lomthambo.

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba olu donga lwemithambo luqhekeke ngenxa yokuhlanza kakhulu okanye amandla okukhohlela. Ngamanye amaxesha, imithambo yentliziyo inoqhekeka ngenxa yengozi ebuhlungu okanye ngexesha lenkqubo yezonyango efana ne -cardiac catheterization . Nangona kunjalo, kukho isizathu soku.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-SCAD?

Abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yimithambo yentliziyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziintoni:

• Izifo zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo - umzekelo , iMarfan syndrome .
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu).
• I-Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) - Esi sisifo esichaphazela imithambo yegazi.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid ( i-Hypothyroidism ).
• Izifo zokudumba - imizekelo ibandakanya i-lupus , i-multiple sclerosis (MS) , kunye ne -sarcoidosis .
• Iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi .

Zithini iimpawu ze-SCAD? Zifunyaniswa njani?

Xa ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni kuncipha ngenxa ye-SCAD, oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo okanye uhlobo lwentlungu yesifuba olubizwa ngokuba yi -angina engaguqukiyo . Olu hlobo lwe-angina luyingozi kakhulu kuba lunyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

I-SCAD yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko (eSri Lanka, fowunela i-1990 Suwaseriya Ambulance Service):

• Ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukuquleka ( syncope ).
• Ukubila kakhulu ( iHyperhidrosis ) okanye ukuziva ubanda.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye i-arrhythmia .
• Intlungu yemisipha engalweni, egxalabeni, okanye emhlathini.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, okanye ukuziva isisu siphazamisekile ( ukungagayi kakuhle ).
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Ukuqina kwesifuba, uxinzelelo, okanye intlungu.

Ezi mpawu zifana nqwa nezo zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana into efana nale , musa ukulibazisa.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-SCAD? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuchonga i-SCAD kunokuba nzima. Ukuba uneentlungu esifubeni okanye ezinye iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuze ahlole i-SCAD:

• Uvavanyo lwe-enzyme marker: Lujonga amanqanaba aphezulu ee-enzyme ezithile zentliziyo eziqokelelana egazini ngexesha lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• I-Angiogram: Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni yakho kwimifanekiso eshukumayo enemilinganiselo emithathu (3D). Oku kungabandakanya i-Coronary Computed Tomography Angiogram (CCTA) okanye i-Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA) .
• I-Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT): Oku kuvumela ukuba umthambo uhlolwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
• I-Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi.

Olu vavanyo luvumela oogqirha ukuba baqinisekise ukuba une-coronary artery ekrazukileyo okanye enye ingxaki yentliziyo.

Iphathwa njani i-SCAD?

Uninzi lwabantu abane-SCAD, malunga nekota ezintathu (75%), bayaphila ngokusebenzisa amayeza. Nazi iintlobo zamayeza anikiweyo:

• Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi (umz., ii-beta blockers ).
• Amayeza alawula amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol.
• Amayeza athintela ukujiya kwegazi ( amayeza alwa neeplatelet ).

Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-14% yabantu abane-SCAD banokuba nesifo esinzulu. Abantu abanjalo banokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele baze bafumane unyango olungxamisekileyo. Olu nyango luquka:

• Ukufakwa kwe-catheterization yentliziyo , i-coronary angioplasty kunye nokufakwa kwe-stentOku kuquka ukufutha umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo ngento efana nebhaluni nokubeka i-mesh encinci (i-stent) ukuthintela ukuba ungavaleki kwakhona.
• I-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Oku kuquka ukudala indlela entsha yomthambo wegazi ovalekileyo.
• Ukufakela isixhobo sokuxhasa ukujikeleza kwegazi ngoomatshini, esifana neLeft Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) , okanye i-Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) .
• Ukufakelwa intliziyo - Oku kunqabile kakhulu.

Uninzi lwexesha, oogqirha bazama ukulawula imeko ngamayeza, bevumela umthambo okrazukileyo ukuba uziphilise ngokwawo. Utyando luthathwa njengoluyimfuneko kuphela xa kuyimfuneko.

Ngaba i-SCAD ingathintelwa?

Ukuba wakha wakrazuka umthambo, kunokufuneka unciphise imisebenzi enzima yomzimba kunye noqeqesho lokuqinisa ukuze uthintele ukuba ingaphindi yenzeke. Ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kwinkqubo yokuvuselela intliziyo . Oku kunokukunceda ukuphucula impilo yentliziyo yakho kwaye kukufundise indlela yokuzilolonga ngokukhuselekileyo.

Nangona kungekho nxibelelwano luthe ngqo olufunyenweyo phakathi kwe-SCAD kunye nolawulo lokuzala olungelulo olwehomoni, oogqirha abaninzi bacebisa ukuba baqale baqwalasele iindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa ezingezizo ezehomoni. Umzekelo, i-vasectomy yamadoda okanye i-tubal ligation yabasetyhini. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.

Ungenza ezi zinto ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo:

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo ukuze wehlise amanqanaba e-cholesterol.
• Nciphisa ukutya ityuwa kwaye ulawule uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Nciphisa ukusela kwakho utywala. Ukuba unengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala, fumana uncedo.
• Qaphela iintlobo zamafutha owatyayo kwaye unciphise ukutya kwakho amafutha angenampilo.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile , silawule kakuhle.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, cela uncedo lokuyeka.
• Hlala usempilweni kwaye ugcine ubunzima bakho busempilweni.

Injani imbono yomntu one-SCAD?

I-SCAD yimeko esongela ubomi. Malunga ne-5% yabantu abayihlakulelayo bayafa. Ukukrazuka komthambo kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezilandelayo:

• I-angina engapheliyo: Inani elincinci labantu linokuba neentlungu zesifuba ezingapheliyo okanye uxinzelelo. Oku kusenokungaphenduli kakuhle kumayeza emveli anjenge -nitroglycerin .
• Ukuphinda kwesifo:Malunga nomntu omnye kwabalishumi (10%) uza kuphinda abe ne-SCAD kwiminyaka emithathu emva konyango lokuqala. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo rhoqo ukuze azame ukubona ezi inyembezi kwangethuba.
• Ukudumba kwentliziyo: I-SCAD inokubangela ukudumba kwesingxobo esijikeleze intliziyo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-pericarditis . Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana ne -cardiac MRIs okanye i-angiograms ukujonga le ngxaki.

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yezonyango ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuvavanywa ngexesha emva kokuphuhlisa i-SCAD.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, fowunela ku-911 (1990 eSri Lanka) ngoko nangoko.

Ukongeza, bona ugqirha ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye uxinzelelo ( i-Angina ).
• Ukubila okubandayo.
• Intlungu ezingalweni, emhlathini, okanye emagxeni.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu, unesiyezi, okanye ubuthathaka ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ndimele ndibuze ntoni kugqirha wam?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-SCAD, ungabuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ndiphuhlise le SCAD?
• Ndingayifumana kwakhona i-SCAD?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndikhusele impilo yentliziyo yam?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndixhalabele iimpawu zeengxaki?

I-SCAD yimeko ebangela iimpawu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kubantu abasengozini encinci yesifo sentliziyo, ingakumbi abasetyhini. Fowunela iinkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukuba uvavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba une-SCAD, ugqirha wakho uya kuthetha nawe malunga neendlela zonyango. Nokuba unyango lukhona, kukho umngcipheko wokuba umthambo uya kugqabhuka kwakhona. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga impilo yentliziyo yakho ngokusondeleyo ukuze anciphise loo mngcipheko.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-SCAD, akunjalo? Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-SCAD sisifo sentliziyo esingalindelekanga, esingalindelekanga esinokuchaphazela ngakumbi abafazi abaselula nabasempilweni.
• Iimpawu zifana nqwa nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukuba unentlungu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukubila, musa ukuzityeshela. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuchonga i-SCAD kunokuba nzima kancinci, kodwa kunokuqinisekiswa ngovavanyo olufanelekileyo.
• Inganyangwa rhoqo ngamayeza, kodwa abanye abantu banokufuna utyando okanye olunye unyango.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila nokulandela iingcebiso zonyango emva kwe-SCAD. Oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphinda kwenzeke kwakhona.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unale mpawu, musa ukoyika uze ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Okukhona ufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango luphumelele. Hlala usempilweni!

Ukuqhaqhwa kwemithambo yentliziyo okuzenzekelayo , i-SCAD, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, iintlungu zesifuba, umthambo wentliziyo, impilo yabasetyhini, ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo