Ngaba uyayazi i-Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE)? Masithethe!

Usenokuba ngumntu othanda ukuhamba emahlathini okanye ukunyuka iintaba. Okanye usenokuba uceba uhambo oluya kwiindawo ezithile zaseYurophu okanye eAsia. Ngamaxesha anjalo, kufuneka ucinge nangokulumkela izilwanyana ezincinci, oko kukuthi iimpukane. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esinokudluliselwa ziimpukane ezinjalo, kwaye esinokuba yingozi kancinci. Yiyo loo nto i-Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) .

Yintoni i-encephalitis ethwalwa ziikhakhayi (TBE)?

Ngamafutshane, (i-TBE) sisifo esidluliselwa ziintsholongwane . Abantu abaninzi abasifumanayo ababonisi zimpawu. Abanye abantu bafumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane kwaye baphila kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi. Oko kukuthi, kunokuchaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo , kubangele iingxaki ezinkulu ezifana nokulahlekelwa zingqondo kunye nokukhubazeka. Kukwakho neyeza lokugonya kwabo basengozini enkulu.

Le ntsholongwane (TBE) ifumaneka ikakhulu kwiindawo zaseYurophu naseAsia . Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zale ntsholongwane, kuxhomekeke kummandla: iYurophu, iMpuma Ekude kunye neSiberia. Ngokolwazi lwangoku, le ntsholongwane (TBE) ayidluliselwa ziincukuthu eMelika. Nangona ingaqhelekanga kakhulu eSri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku ukuba undwendwela la mazwe.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo (TBE)?

Iimpawu ze-TBE zihlala zibonakala ngamanqanaba amabini .

Iimpawu zokuqala ziqala emva kweveki emva kokuluma kwekhakhayi. Ziquka:

• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu yomzimba
• Ukudinwa
• Isicaphucaphu
• Umnqweno wokutya

Ezi mpawu zihlala ziphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ngamanye amaxesha ngeveki. Nangona kunjalo, kamva, ngamanye amaxesha emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, abanye abantu banokuba neempawu zesibini ze-neurological . Ezi ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuqonda ukukhanya, nto leyo ethetha ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya (photophobia)
• Ukudideka okanye utshintsho kwimeko yengqondo
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Ukuqina kwentamo
• Iimeko ezinje ngokukhubazeka kobuso
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuxhuzula)

Khawucinge ukuba ubukhe wahambahamba kwindawo enamahlathi eYurophu, emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa wakha umkhuhlane waza waziva ubuthathaka. Emva koko waphela kancinci, waze waqala ukuba nomkhuhlane kwakhona, waza waqala ukuhlanza unentloko ebuhlungu, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba yiTBE. Ngoko ke kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni ebangela oku (TBE)?

(TBE) ibangelwa yintsholongwane . Le ntsholongwane ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(TBEV)`. Yintsholongwane ekwi-genus `(Flavivirus)` kunye nosapho `(Flaviridae)`. Njengoko besixoxile ngaphambili, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zale ntsholongwane:

• Uhlobo lwaseYurophu:Idluliselwa luhlobo lwekhakhane elibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Ixodes ricinus)` (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-castor bean tick). Ingabonakala kwiindawo zaseMpuma, eMbindini, naseMntla Yurophu. Ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe afana ne-Estonia, iLatvia, neLithuania.
• Uhlobo lwaseMpuma Ekude: Oku kudluliselwa luhlobo lwekhakhane elibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Ixodes persulcatus)` (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-taiga tick). Ifumaneka kumazwe afana nempuma yeRashiya, iTshayina, neJapan. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Russian spring-summer encephalitis.
• Uhlobo lwaseSiberia: Olu luhlobo oludluliselwa yi-tick efanayo (Ixodes persulcatus). Ingafumaneka eSiberia, kwiintaba zaseUral, nakwiindawo ezikumntla-mpuma Yurophu eRashiya.

Sisasazeka njani esi sifo (TBE)?

Intsholongwane (TBE) isasazeka kakhulu kukuluma kwekhakhane elosulelekileyo . Ikhakhane ezithwala le ntsholongwane zihlala kwiindawo ezinamahlathi eYurophu naseAsia.

Kukwafunyaniswe ukuba esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ngokusela ubisi olungenazintsholongwane kunye neemveliso zobisi, kwaye, maxa wambi, ngokuncancisa. Ngoko ke, ukuba uhamba kwezi ndawo, kungcono ukuba ulumke kancinci xa usela iimveliso zobisi ezivela kwimithombo engaziwayo.

Zithini iingxaki zesifo (TBE)?

Iingxaki eziphambili zeTBE kukudumba kwengqondo, okanye i-encephalitis, kunye nokudumba kwee-membranes ezijikeleze ingqondo kunye nomgogodla, okanye i-meningitis . Ezi meko zezona zibangela iimpawu zesigaba sesibini seTBE. Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade . Ezi ziquka:

• Ukukhubazeka komzimba
• Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo
• Iingxaki ngokulinganisela kunye nokulungelelanisa
• Iingxaki zokuthetha nokusetyenziswa kolwimi

Kuyoyikisa kancinci ukuva ezi zinto. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unolwazi olufanelekileyo kwaye uthatha amanyathelo afunekayo, ungawunciphisa lo mngcipheko.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-TBE?

Oogqirha baza kujonga iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yakutshanje yokuhamba ukuze bafumanise i-TBE. Umzekelo, banokubuza ukuba ngaba ukhe waya kwindawo yaseAsia okanye eYurophu apho kuxhaphake khona ii-ticks ezithwala intsholongwane (TBEV).

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kunokufuneka ukuba uhlolwe igazi okanye umpompi womqolo . Nangona oku kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo, luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu lokuxilongwa.

Nokuba awukhumbuli ukulunywa yikhalane, ukuba ukhe waya kwindawo apho kukho ikhalane kwaye wabonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nezo zikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho .

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwesifo (TBE)?

Enyanisweni, akukho nyango luthile lwesifo (TBE). Oko kukuthi, akukabikho nyango luthile lokutshabalalisa le ntsholongwane.

Nangona kunjalo, ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokuchacha:

• Ukusela amanzi amaninzi
• Ukuphumla
• Ukusebenzisa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu aqhelekileyo (njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha)

Ungenza izinto ezinjalo.

Ukuba isifo siba sibi kakhulu, balaliswa esibhedlele baze banyangwe phantsi kweliso loogqirha. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuqhagamshelwa kumatshini wokuphefumla (umoya womoya) ukuba banengxaki yokuphefumla.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndifumana (TBE)?

Iimpawu onokuzibona ukuba uneTBE zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane . Uhlobo lwaseYurophu nolwaseSiberia alunakwenzeka ukuba lubangele iingxaki zemithambo-luvo kunehlobo lwaseMpuma Ekude. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwaseSiberia ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela ukugula ixesha elide okanye okungapheliyo .

Ukuba ufunyaniswe uneTBE, kunokwenzeka ukuba iimpawu zemithambo-luvo zingabonakala ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-20 emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala ziphelile.

Xa kufikwa kwizinga lokufa ngenxa yeTBE, lingaphantsi kwe-3% kwiTBE yaseYurophu naseSiberia. Nangona kunjalo, linokuba phezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35% kwiTBE yaseMpuma Ekude. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele oku kwaye uzikhusele.

Ndingambona nini ugqirha/ndiye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba ubukhe waba kwindawo apho kukho iimpukane kwaye zibonakalise iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane okanye ukubanda, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko . Ugqirha uya kukunika iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokuzinyamekela ekhaya kunye neempawu ezinzulu ekufuneka uziqaphele.

Ixesha lokuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) :

Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu zinzima, kuya kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius)
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukudideka okanye utshintsho kwimeko yengqondo
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukulahlekelwa kakhulu bubunzima bomzimba
• Ukukhubazeka komzimba
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuxhuzula)

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ndingagonywa njani ukuba ndisiya kwindawo apho isifo sephepha esibizwa ngokuba yiTBE sixhaphake khona?
• Ndingazinyamekela njani ekhaya?
• Ngaba ndisemngciphekweni wokuba neempawu eziqatha?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge?

Ungazikhusela njani kwesi sifo (TBE)?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwisifo (TBE) kukugonywa . Abantu abasengozini enkulu yosulelo, njengabo benza imisebenzi yangaphandle kwiindawo apho iimpukane zinentsholongwane (TBEV), banokuyifumana le gonyo. Ukuba uhambela ilizwe elinjalo, thetha nogqirha ngale nto ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.

Kwakhona, nciphisa umngcipheko wokulunywa ziincukuthu.Unga:

• Nxiba iibhulukhwe ezinde, iikawusi, kunye neehempe ezinemikhono emide xa ungaphandle kwiindawo apho kunokubakho iincukuthu.
• Sebenzisa isixovuli sezinambuzane esine-DEET .
• Emva kokubuya ngaphandle , zihlole wena nezilwanyana zasekhaya zakho ukuba azinazo na iimpukane . Jonga iindawo ongaziboniyo, njengentloko, intamo, nomqolo, nokuba kukho omnye umntu ozibonayo.
• Thetha nogqirha wezilwanyana malunga nendlela yokukhusela izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya zangaphandle kwiingcongconi.
• Gcina ingca emyezweni wakho imfutshane .

Okokugqibela, kuphephe ukusela ubisi okanye iimveliso zobisi ezingafakwanga iintsholongwane (ezifana ne-ayisikhrim kunye netshizi) kuba zinokuba nentsholongwane yeTBEV.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesifo seLyme (TBE) kunye nesifo seTBE?

Nangona zombini i-TBE kunye nesifo seLyme zizifo ezithwalwa ziincukuthu, zizifo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

• (TBE) ibangelwa yintsholongwane , kwaye akukho nyango luthile lwayo.
• Isifo seLyme sibangelwa ziintsholongwane kwaye sinokunyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Isifo seLyme sixhaphakile nakwezinye iindawo zaseYurophu naseAsia apho isifo seTBE sixhaphakileyo khona. Nangona kunjalo, isifo seTBE asidluliselwa ngamakhakhane eMelika (nangona isifo seLyme sixhaphakile).

Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukwazi ukuba ukulunywa sisinambuzane yinto nje ephazamisayo okanye yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Kodwa kusoloko kuyinto elungileyo ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izifo ezinokudluliselwa zizilwanyana ezifana neengcongconi kwiindawo ohlala kuzo okanye ohamba kuzo. Ukuba usemngciphekweni, ungathatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) sisifo esidluliselwa ziintsholongwane, esinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku ukuba undwendwela ezinye iindawo ezinamahlathi eYurophu naseAsia.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi nokhuseleko. Ukuba usiya kwindawo enobungozi, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokugonyelwa i-encephalitis ebangelwa ziingcongconi (TBE). Landela amanyathelo acetyiswayo okuzikhusela kwiingcongconi. Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu.

Ucinga ngezi zinto, ungacwangcisa uhambo lwakho ngaphandle koloyiko. Hlala usempilweni!

I- TBE, i-Tick-Borne Encephalitis, iimpukane, umkhuhlane wobuchopho, izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, impilo yokuhamba, iimpawu