Mhlawumbi ukhe weva, "Owu, loo mfana ngequbuliso waba negazi eliqhekekileyo." Okanye ngaba wakha wadumba umlenze wakho ngequbuliso waza wenzakala? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Thrombophilia' enokubangela izinto ezinje ngamanye amaxesha. Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama, le yimeko abantu abaninzi abanokuba nayo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyiqaphele.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iThrombophilia?
I-Thrombophilia yimeko apho igazi lakho liqhekeka lula kwaye ngokukhawuleza kunegazi eliqhelekileyo. Oogqirha bayibiza le meko 'enokuqhekeka kakhulu'. Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi lakho linamandla angakumbi okuqhekeka. Oku kunokuba yimfuza okanye kufumaneke. Khawucinge nje ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa usike isandla sakho ngemela? Igazi elincinci liyalahleka, kwaye emva kwexesha elithile ihlwili legazi lenzeka kuloo ndawo kwaye ukopha kuyayeka. Enyanisweni yinkqubo yokukhusela emzimbeni wethu. Emva kokuba inxeba lipholile, umzimba uyayinyibilikisa ihlwili legazi kwakhona kwaye ulisuse. Kodwa kukho enye into eyenzekayo kumntu one-Thrombophilia. Nokuba umzimba awuyidingi, amahlwili egazi ayenzeka emithanjeni. Okanye, amahlwili egazi ayenzekayo awanyibiliki kwaye asuswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ingxaki enkulu kukuba la mahlwili egazi ahamba ngemithambo aze avale umthambo wegazi okhokelela kwisitho esibalulekileyo. Kuba yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu ifumana ioksijini eyidingayo egazini. Ukuba umthambo uvalekile, awukwazi ukuthwala ioksijini. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana
nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke .
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-thrombophilia:
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le meko inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwindlela eyenzeka ngayo. 1.
I-Acquired Thrombophilia: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Asinto ezuzwa njengelifa. Inokubangelwa ngamayeza athile esiwasebenzisayo, indlela esiphila ngayo, okanye ezinye izifo. Elona hlobo lixhaphakileyo nelinzima kwezi ntlobo yi-
Antiphospholipid Syndrome . 2.
I-Inherited Thrombophilia (I-Genetic/Inherited Thrombophilia): Le yimeko yemfuza oyifumana kumama wakho, utata wakho, okanye bobabini. Kukho iiproteni emzimbeni wethu ezilawula ukujiya kwegazi. Ngenxa yolu tshintsho lwemfuza, ezo proteni zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle. Okanye umzimba unokuvelisa iiproteni ezimbalwa ezithintela ukujiya kwegazi.
Ukuba ukhe waba namahlwili egazi ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40, waphunyelwa zisisu izihlandlo ezininzi , okanye ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unembali yokujiya kwegazi, usenokuba nale thrombophilia izuzwa njengelifa.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-thrombophilia yokuzalwa?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale meko yemfuza. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwe-Thrombophilia ye-Genetic | Ingcaciso elula ngayo |
|---|
| I-Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwezakhi zofuzo. Luchaphazela i-1% ukuya kwi-5% yabemi. Lunyusa umngcipheko wokuba negazi elijiyileyo kumthambo onzulu emlenzeni (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) okokuqala. |
| I-Prothrombin Thrombophilia | Olu lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo. Kukho umngcipheko ophezulu we-pulmonary embolism, i-DVT, kunye nokuphuphuma kwesisu. |
| Ukunqongophala kweProteni C | Oku kunqabile kancinci. Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuqhekeka kwegazi okuphindaphindiweyo. Ukuba le meko ifunyenwe ngabazali bobabini, inokuba yingozi nakubomi. |
| Ukunqongophala kweProteni S | Oku nako kunqabile. Uhlobo olungaqhelekanga (olufunyenwe kubazali bobabini) lunokubangela iingxaki zokujiya kwegazi ezisongela ubomi kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. |
| Ukunqongophala kwe-Antithrombin | Oku nako kunqabile (kwenzeka kumntu omnye kwabangama-500 ukuya kwabangama-5,000). Kodwa abantu abanale meko basengozini enkulu yokuba namahlwili egazi kunabantu abanezinye izifo zemfuza. Abantu abangaphezu kwama-80% abanale meko baya kuba namahlwili egazi ubuncinane elinye xa beneminyaka engama-50 ubudala. |
Zithini iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwegazi?
Ixesha elininzi, usenokungazi nokuba une-thrombophilia. Ingxaki ivela kuphela xa kuvela ihlwili legazi kwaye kuvela iimpawu. Ezi mpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho ihlwili legazi lenzeke khona.
| Ilungu lomzimba | Iimpawu onokuzilindela |
|---|
| Ingqondo | - Ukuxhuzula
- Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso
- Ubunzima bokuthetha nokubona
- Ukuziva ngathi kukho into engathi yindindisholo kwelinye icala lomzimba
|
| Intliziyo | |
| Imiphunga | |
| Umlenze okanye Ingalo | - Ukudumba ngequbuliso
- Intlungu ebuhlungu
- Ukuziva ufudumele xa uchukunyiswa
|
| Isisu | |
Ziziphi izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela ukuphuhliswa kwe-thrombophilia?
Ukongeza kwizizathu zemfuza, ezinye izizathu ezininzi kunye nezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko zinokubangela i-thrombophilia okanye zonyuse umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
Izizathu eziphambili:
- Isifo se-Antiphospholipid
- I-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), isifo esingaqhelekanga segazi
- I-Hepatitis
- Usulelo lwe-HIV
- Isifo sesibindi
Izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko:
- Ukutyeba kakhulu: Ukutyeba kakhulu yeyona nto ibangela ukuba igazi liqhekeke.
- Ukukhulelwa: Utshintsho lwehomoni emzimbeni ngexesha lokukhulelwa luyandisa ngokwendalo indlela igazi elijiyile ngayo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zecuba: Ukutshaya kuyayonakalisa imithambo yegazi kwaye kwenza kube lula ukuba kubekho amahlwili egazi.
- Ezinye izifo: Iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile, umhlaza, isifo sentliziyo, kunye ne-atherosclerosis.
- Ukuhlala kwindawo efanayo ixesha elide: Xa uhlala esibhedlele emva kotyando, xa uhamba ngenqwelo moya ende okanye ngebhasi, okanye xa uhleli emsebenzini, ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni kunokuncipha kwaye kungenzeki amahlwili egazi.
- Utyando.
- Ukusela iipilisi zokulawula ukuzala okanye unyango lokutshintshwa kweehomoni (HRT) oluqulethe ihomoni i-estrogen.
- Ukuba nembali yosapho yokuba neehlwili zegazi.
- Ukwaluphala.
- Ukuphuma kwezisu okungafumaneki sizathu.
- Ukuba namahlwili egazi angaphezu kwesinye ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-40.
Khumbula, ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba nehlwili legazi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uzazi kwaye ulandele icebiso likagqirha wakho.
Ndingafumanisa njani ukuba ndinale meko?
Xa unehlwili legazi kwaye unyangwa ngalo, ugqirha wakho unokurhanela ukuba une-thrombophilia. Emva koko baya kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa imeko.
- Imbali yakho yezonyango: Uza kubuzwa malunga nokuba kukho na amahlwili egazi angaphambili, nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho owakha wanawo, okanye ukuba ukhe waphunyelwa zizisu.
- Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ukuhlola ukudumba kunye nentlungu ebangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Uvavanyo lweGazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo lwenziwa ukujonga iimeko zemfuza okanye ezinye iingxaki zeproteni ezibangela i-thrombophilia.
- Ezinye iimvavanyo: Uvavanyo olufana nee -ultrasound scans, ii-CT scans , okanye ii-angiograms zinokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe indawo echanekileyo apho igazi liqhekekileyo khona.
Ngubani ofanele athathe olu vavanyo?
Olu vavanyo aluqhelekanga ukwenziwa ngumntu wonke. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo kwiimeko ezilandelayo:
- Ukuba ubunegazi eliqhekekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-50.
- Ukuba abantu abaninzi kusapho lwakho banembali yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Ukuba igazi liqhekeka ngaphandle kwezinto ezibangela umngcipheko.
- Ukuba amahlwili egazi ayenzeka kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga (umz., iingalo, isisu).
- Ukuba uphunyelwa zizisu rhoqo.
- Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba usapho lwakho lusengozini na.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-thrombophilia?
Akukho nyango lwe-thrombophilia yokuzalwa. Kodwa
inokulawulwa kakuhle, ithintele ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwaye iphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-thrombophilia onayo, nokuba ihlwili legazi lenzekile na, kunye nobunzima bemeko.
- Iianticoagulants: Ezi zezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango. La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi amatsha kunye nokucothisa ukukhula kwamahlwili akhoyo. IHeparin kunye neWarfarin ngamayeza amadala. Amayeza amatsha ngoku afumaneka lula ukuwasebenzisa. Abanye abantu banokufuneka bawasebenzise la mayeza ubomi babo bonke.
- I-Thrombolytics: Ezi zisetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo nakwiimeko ezinzima. Umzekelo, ukuba ihlwili legazi elikhulu emiphungeni lisongela ubomi, la mayeza anokunikwa ngemithambo yegazi ukuze anyibilikise ihlwili ngokukhawuleza.
- Iisokisi Zoxinzelelo: Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba unxibe ezi ntlobo zikhethekileyo zeesokisi ukuze unciphise ukudumba kwaye ugcine ukujikeleza kwegazi kulungile, ingakumbi kwabo banegazi eliqhekekileyo emilenzeni yabo.
- Utyando: Kunqabile kakhulu, ukuba ihlwili legazi elikhulu alinakunyibilika ngamayeza, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze lisuswe.
Izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko
Ukuba uyazi ukuba une-thrombophilia, okanye usemngciphekweni wokuba negazi eliqhekekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Gcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni.
- Zilolonge rhoqo. Nokuba yinto elula njengokuhamba kakuhle yonke imihla.
- Kuhambo olude: Ukuba uhamba ngenqwelo-moya okanye ngebhasi ixesha elide, vuka rhoqo emva kweyure okanye ezimbini uze uhambehamba kancinci, ushukumisa imilenze yakho.
- Emva kotyando: Phuma ebhedini uze uqale ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza xa ugqirha wakho ekuvumela.
- Amayeza ane-estrogen: Ukuba usela amayeza ane-estrogen, anjengeepilisi zokulawula ukukhulelwa, thetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mngcipheko. Uya kukwazi ukukucebisa enye indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
- Icebiso likagqirha: Ukuba usela amayeza okunciphisa igazi, lithathe ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangedosi efanelekileyo. Ungaze uyeke ukuwasela amayeza ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
Uzakumbona nini ugqirha
Ukuba une-thrombophilia, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale unxibelelana nogqirha wakho rhoqo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezibonakala.
Ixesha lokufumana ingcebiso yezonyango: Bona ugqirha wakho okanye
uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko. - Ukudumba okutsha, iintlungu, okanye ukubomvu emlenzeni okanye engalweni.
- Ukopha okungaqhelekanga, njengokuphuma kwegazi empumlweni, igazi kumchamo okanye kwindle, ngenxa yamayeza okunciphisa igazi.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga nemeko yakho.
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- Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni ngequbuliso okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla (ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye i-pulmonary embolism).
- Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, ubunzima bokuthetha, okanye ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba (ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zestroke).
- Ukopha okukhulu, okuqhubekayo okubangelwa kukusikwa.
|
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Thrombophilia yimeko apho igazi liqhekeka ngokulula nangokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo. Oku kungaba yinto ekhoyo xa umntu ezalwa okanye into ekhula kamva ebomini.
- Abantu abaninzi abanale meko baphila ngaphandle kokuba namahlwili egazi. Iimpawu zenzeka kuphela xa igazi liqhekeka ngaphakathi emthanjeni lize livale ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Ihlwili legazi linokuba yingozi kakhulu ukuba lenzeka engqondweni, entliziyweni, emiphungeni, okanye emilenzeni, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu.
- Nangona le meko ingenakunyangeka ngokupheleleyo, inokulawulwa kakuhle kwaye umngcipheko uncitshiswe ngokuthatha amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalela kwaye ulandele indlela yokuphila enempilo.
I-Thrombophilia, ihlwili legazi, i-DVT, i-pulmonary embolism, i-thrombosis, ihlwili legazi, i-blood thinner
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