Ingaba izintso zakho ziphilile? Masifunde ngqo ngesifo sezintso.

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngenkqubo yokucoca emangalisayo emzimbeni wethu? Njengesihluzo seoyile emotweni, izintso zethu zilungu elibaluleke kakhulu elihluza inkunkuma emizimbeni yethu, licoce igazi lethu, kwaye lisigcine sisempilweni. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, asicingi kakhulu ngazo de kubekho into engalunganga. Mhlawumbi nawe ukhe wadumba imilenze kwaye waziva ngathi uza kufa. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo sezintso. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale nto ngendlela elula nethe ngqo.

Iyiphi inkonzo enikezelwa zizintso emizimbeni yethu?

Sonke sinezintso ezimbini. Zifumaneka kumacala omabini omqolo wethu, ngaphezulu nje kwesinqe sethu. Indima yezi zitho zimbini zincinci ayingomsebenzi umncinci.

Ukuba izintso ziphilile, ziya:

Kodwa xa izintso zonakele , le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle. Emva koko inkunkuma kunye namanzi agqithisileyo aqala ukuqokelelana emzimbeni. Oku kunokubangela izinto ezifana nokudumba kwemilenze , isicaphucaphu , ubuthathaka , ukungalali , kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla . Ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, lo monakalo unokuba mbi kwaye izintso zingaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo. Unokuba yingozi nakubomi.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo sezintso?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zesifo sezintso . Makhe sizijonge.

Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD)

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. I-CKD yimeko apho izintso zakho zilahlekelwa kancinci kancinci amandla azo okucoca iityhefu kunye nolwelo olugqithisileyo egazini lakho. Ayenzeki ngaxeshanye, kodwa ikhula kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu koku kukuba akukho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala.

Unyango olufanelekileyo lunokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Ukuba asinyangwa, esi sifo sinokuqhubekela kwiSifo sezintso sokugqibela (ESRD). I-Dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso kunokufuneka. Isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zezona zinto zimbini ziphambili ezibangela i-CKD.

Ezinye iintlobo zesifo sezintso

• Isifo sezintso esinePolycystic: Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Iicysts ezizaliswe lulwelo ziyavela kwizintso. Oku kunciphisa amandla ezintso okucoca imveliso engcolileyo.
• I-Lupus Nephritis: I-Lupus sisifo esihlasela amasosha omzimba apho amasosha omzimba ahlasela iiseli eziphilileyo. Esi sisifo esenzeka xa amasosha omzimba ehlasela izintso.
• I-Glomerulonephritis:Ukonakala kwezihluzo ezincinci (i-glomeruli) ngaphakathi kwezintso. Oku kubangela ukuba izintso ziyeke ukusebenza kakuhle. Le meko inokwenzeka nasemva kweentlobo ezithile zosulelo lomphimbo olubangelwa yi-strep.
• I-Pyelonephritis: Oku kwenzeka xa usulelo lomchamo lusasazeka luye kwizintso. Ukuba oku kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kunokubangela amanxeba kwizintso kwaye kubangele umonakalo wexesha elide.

Zithini izizathu zesifo sezintso?

Izizathu zesifo sezintso zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela esi sifo esenzeka ngayo.

1. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso ngequbuliso (Ukulimala kwezintso okukhawulezileyo)

Kulapho izintso ziyeka ukusebenza ngequbuliso. Izizathu eziphambili zezi:

• Ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizintso.
• Umonakalo ngqo kwizintso.
• Ukuvaleka kwezintso ngaphandle kokuphuma komchamo.

Nazi iimeko apho izinto ezinje zinokwenzeka khona:

• Ingozi enkulu ebangela ukopha kakhulu.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokugqithisileyo.
• Umzimba uphazamiseka ngenxa yosulelo olunzima (iSepsis).
• Ukuvaleka kwe-urethra ngenxa yamatye omchamo okanye ukwanda kwe-prostate gland.
• Ukuchanabeka kumayeza athile kunye neekhemikhali ezinobungozi.
• Iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

2. Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo

Xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle kangangeenyanga ezingaphezu kwe-3, oogqirha bazibiza ngokuba yi-Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Zimbini izinto eziphambili ezibangela oku.

• Isifo seswekile: Isifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo sibangela amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini ixesha elide, nto leyo eyonakalisa imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka kwizintso.
• Uxinzelelo Lwegazi Oluphezulu: Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lusanda, uxinzelelo lubekwa kwimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi izintso, ize yonakalise ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwee-painkillers ezithile (ingakumbi ii-NSAIDs ezifana ne-ibuprofen), ukuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali ezithile ezinobuthi, kunye neemeko ezithile zokuzalwa nazo zinokubangela i-CKD.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kotywala nezintso

Utywala bubangela uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo kwizintso, njengoko umsebenzi wazo kukucoca iityhefu ezingena emzimbeni. Xa usela utywala, izintso zakho kufuneka zisebenze nzima kunesiqhelo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sezintso?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, izintso sisitho esinokuhlala singenazo iimpawu de kubekho umonakalo omkhulu.Kwiimeko ezininzi, kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Incasa yesinyithi emlonyeni.
• Ukudinwa rhoqo kunye nobuthathaka.
• Ubunzima bokugxila.
• Iingxaki zokulala.
• Ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha kunye nentlungu.
• Ukudumba kweenyawo namaqatha.
• Ukurhawuzelela ulusu okungapheliyo.
• Intlungu yesifuba (ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kolwelo olujikeleze intliziyo).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ngenxa yokuqokelelana kolwelo emiphungeni).

Ufumanisa njani ukuba unesifo sezintso?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nokuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho oluye lwenzeka kwiindlela zakho zokuchama. Emva koko uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba. Ukongeza, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ubungakanani benkunkuma (efana ne-urea kunye ne-creatinine) egazini.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Jonga izinto ezifana neproteni kumchamo ukuze ubone ukuba akukho monakalo kwizintso.
• Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso: Ugqirha unokujonga imeko yezintso ngento efana ne-ultrasound scan.
• I-Kidney Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili esisezintsoni uze usithumele kwilebhu ukuze kufunyaniswe unobangela wesifo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwesifo sezintso?

Ezinye izifo zezintso zinokunyangeka. Nangona kunjalo, i-CKD esihlala sithetha ngayo, oko kuthetha ukuba isifo sezintso esingapheliyo, ayinakunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, esi sifo sinokulawulwa kwaye izintso zinokuncedwa ukuba zisebenze ixesha elide.

Ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kwi-nephrologist ngexesha lonyango lwakho.

1. Amayeza

• Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokubangela isifo sezintso, kwaye isifo sezintso sinokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjenge-ACE inhibitors okanye ii-ARB. Ezi zinokukunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho kunye nokunciphisa ubungakanani beproteni kumchamo wakho.
• Amayeza esifo seswekile: Amanye amayeza amatsha esifo seswekile, afana ne-dapagliflozin (Farxiga), afunyenwe ecothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sezintso, nakubantu abangenaso isifo seswekile.
• Amayeza okunyanga i-anemia: Xa i-hormone ye-erythropoietin eveliswa zizintso incipha, kuphuma igazi (i-anemia). Kukho amayeza okunyanga oku.

2. Ukutya

Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika ukutya okukhethekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukutya okune-sodium encinci (ityuwa), i-potassium, i-phosphate, mhlawumbi neproteni. Xa izintso zonakele, kunzima ukukhupha ezi zondlo. Injongo yokutya kukunciphisa umthwalo kwizintso. Ngenxa yoku, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso kwingcali yokutya kwezintso, ingcali kwizifo zezintso.

3. I-Dialysis

Xa izintso zingasasebenzi, zidinga uncedo lomatshini ukuze zenze umsebenzi wazo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-dialysis.

• I-Hemodialysis: Oku kubandakanya umatshini othatha inxalenye yegazi lakho, ulicoce, uze ulibuyisele emzimbeni wakho.
• I-Peritoneal Dialysis: Oku kuquka ukucoca igazi kusetyenziswa ulwelo lwesisu (i-peritoneal membrane).

Kukho iingenelo kunye neengxaki kuzo zombini ezi ndlela. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.

4. Ukufakelwa kwezintso

Olu lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokunyanga xa isifo siqhubela phambili. Izintso ezihambelanayo ezivela kumntu ophilileyo (ophilayo okanye oswelekileyo) zifakelwa utyando. Emva kokufakelwa ngempumelelo, i-dialysis ayisekho mfuneko. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza ubomi bakho bonke ukuthintela umzimba wakho ukuba ungalamkeli izintso ezintsha.

Isifo sezintso, Ukusilela kwezintso, i-CKD, i-Dialysis, ukufakelwa kwezintso, isifo seswekile kunye nezintso