Izintso sisitho esimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Zifana nenkqubo yokucoca umzimba kakhulu. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha asiyiqondi ixabiso lazo de kubekho into engalunganga. Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi imilenze yakho idumbile, uhlala udiniwe, kwaye awufuni kutya? Mhlawumbi ezi ziimpawu ezivela kwizintso zakho. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo sezintso ngokulula.
Yintoni kanye kanye isifo sezintso?
Ngamafutshane, isifo sezintso sibangelwa kukuba izintso zakho azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ophambili, oku kukucoca igazi. Ezi zintso zifumaneka kumacala omabini omqolo wakho, ngaphezu kwesinqe sakho.
Xa izintso zonakele , azikwazi ukususa inkunkuma kunye nolwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinje ngokudumba emilenzeni nasemaqatheni , isicaphucaphu , ukudinwa , ukungalali , kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla . Ukuba le meko ayinyangwa kakuhle, umonakalo ungaqhubeka uba mandundu kwaye ekugqibeleni ukhokelele ekusileleni ngokupheleleyo kwezintso. Le yimeko embi kakhulu, esongela ubomi.
Yeyiphi inkonzo enikezelwa zizintso eziphilileyo?
Makhe sijonge ezinye zezinto ezinokwenziwa zizintso ezisempilweni emizimbeni yethu.
- Igcina ibhalansi yamanzi kunye neeminerali ezifana nesodium, ipotassium, kunye nephosphorus egazini.
- Iyahluza kwaye isuse inkunkuma eqokelelana egazini emva kokuba sityile ukutya esikutyayo, emva kokusebenza kwemisipha, nasemva kwamayeza esiwaselayo.
- Ivelisa ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-renin, enceda ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ivelisa ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-erythropoietin, enika umzimba umqondiso wokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- Ivelisa uhlobo olusebenzayo lwevithamini D, olubalulekileyo kwimpilo yamathambo.
- Khawucinge nje, qho emva kwemizuzu engama-30, lonke igazi emzimbeni wethu lihluzwa zezi zintso.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo sezintso?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sezintso. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo.
| Igama leSifo | Kalula nje… |
|---|---|
| Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD) | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lubangelwa kukulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci kokusebenza kwezintso ngokuhamba kwexesha. Isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zezona zizathu ziphambili. |
| Isifo sezintso sePolycystic | Esi sisifo semfuza esibangela ukuba ii-cysts ezizaliswe lulwelo zivele kwizintso, nto leyo ephazamisana nokusebenza kwazo. |
| I-Lupus Nephritis | Kwisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esibizwa ngokuba yi-lupus, inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela izintso. |
| I-Glomerulonephritis | Ukonakala kwezihluzo ezincinci (i-glomeruli) kwizintso. Oku kunokwenzeka nasemva kwezinye izifo zomqala (iintsholongwane ze-strep). |
| I-Pyelonephritis | Usulelo lomchamo oluchaphazela izintso. Ukuba oku kwenzeka rhoqo, kunokonakalisa izintso. |
Zithini izizathu zesifo sezintso?
Izizathu zesifo sezintso zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili.
Izizathu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso ngesiquphe (Ukulimala Kwezintso Okukhawulezileyo)
Ngamanye amaxesha izintso ziyeka ukusebenza ngequbuliso. Oku kunokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Bekukho ingozi enkulu kwaye bekukho ukopha okuninzi.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu.
- Umzimba uphazamiseka ngenxa yosulelo olunzima (i-sepsis).
- Ukuvaleka komchamo ngenxa yamatye omchamo okanye ukwanda kwendlala yeprostate kumadoda.
- Ukufunxa amayeza athile okanye iityhefu.
- Iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD)
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Ukuba ukusebenza kwezintso akusebenzi kakuhle kangangeenyanga ezingaphezu kwe-3, sikubiza ngokuba yi-CKD. Eyona nto iyingozi apha kukuba akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo kwizigaba zokuqala.
Izizathu ezimbini eziphambili ze-CKD eSri Lanka sisifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini ngokuhamba kwexesha anokonakalisa izintso. Ngokufanayo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokonakalisa imithambo yegazi ethambileyo ehambisa igazi kwizintso.
Ukongeza koku, ukusebenzisa ixesha elide amayeza okudambisa iintlungu (ingakumbi ii-NSAID ezifana ne-Ibuprofen kunye ne-Diclofenac) ngaphandle kwesizathu kunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwizintso.
Ndingazi njani ukuba ndinesifo sezintso? – Iimpawu
Eyona ngxaki inkulu apha kukuba isifo sezintso asisoloko sibonakalisa zimpawu de sibe sibi kakhulu. Usenokungaqapheli nto de kubekho umonakalo kwizintso zakho omalunga nama-50%. Kodwa njengoko isifo siqhubeka, iimpawu ezifana nezi zinokuvela:
- Igazi elonyukayo
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Umnqweno wokutya
- Ukuva incasa yesinyithi emlonyeni
- Ukudinwa rhoqo kunye nobuthathaka
- Ubunzima bokugxila
- Iingxaki zokulala
- Ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha kunye nentlungu
- Ukudumba kweenyawo namaqatha
- Ukurhawuzelela ulusu okungapheliyo
- Intlungu yesifuba (ukuba ulwelo luqokelelana entliziyweni)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuba ulwelo luqokelelana emiphungeni)
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukubuza ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho, amayeza owasebenzisayo, aze emva koko akwenze uvavanyo lomzimba. Ukongeza, unokuyalela ezi mvavanyo.
| Uvavanyo | Ingaba ujonge kwintoni? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Umsebenzi wezintso (eGFR) ubalwa ngokujonga ubungakanani benkunkuma (njenge-creatinine) egazini. |
| Uvavanyo lomchamo | Umchamo ujongwa ukuba awunayo na iproteni (ingakumbi i-albumin). Izintso eziphilileyo azikhuphi iproteni. |
| Iskena se-Ultrasound | Jonga ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwezintso kwaye nokuba kukho naziphi na izithintelo ezifana namatye omchamo. |
| I-Biopsy yezintso | Kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili esisezintsoni size sihlolwe ngemicroscope ukuze kufunyaniswe unobangela wesifo. |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwesifo sezintso?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyiqonde sonke apha kukuba isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD) asinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, injongo ephambili yonyango kukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo nokulawula iimpawu.
1. Amayeza
Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza afana ne-ACE inhibitors okanye ii-ARB ukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. La mayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kwaye akhusele izintso zakho ngokunciphisa inani leeproteni ozilahlayo kumchamo wakho. Kwakhona, ukuba unesifo seswekile, kufuneka uthathe amayeza akho njengoko kumiselwe.
Amayeza Okufanele Uwaphephe: Ukuba unesifo sezintso, ungaze uthathe amayeza okudambisa iintlungu (ingakumbi ii-NSAID – i-Ibuprofen, i-Naproxen, i-Diclofenac) ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha. Musa ukuzithenga nokuba kusekhemesti. Kwakhona, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo, kwaneevithamini.
2. Ukutya
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Xa izintso zonakele, kunzima ukususa izinto ezifana nesodium (ityuwa), ipotassium (efumaneka kwiibhanana, iiorenji, njl.njl.), kunye nephosphate (efumaneka kubisi, itshizi, kunye namandongomane) egazini. Ngoko ke, ugqirha ukucebisa ukuba utye ukutya okukhethekileyo okuncinci kwezi zinto. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uncedo kwingcali yokutya okunempilo.
3. I-Dialysis
Xa izintso zibuthathaka kakhulu, oko kukuthi, xa zingaphumeleli, umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe zizintso, oko kukuthi, ukucoca igazi, kufuneka wenziwe ngoncedo lomatshini. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-dialysis. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza oku:
- I-Hemodialysis: Igazi licocwa ngokulidibanisa nomatshini esibhedlele okanye ekhaya.
- I-Peritoneal Dialysis: Ulwelo olukhethekileyo lufakwa ngetyhubhu efakwe kwisisu ukuze kususwe inkunkuma egazini.
4. Ukufakelwa kwezintso
Unyango olungcono lwesifo sezintso esikwinqanaba lokugqibela kukufakelwa izintso. Izintso ezivela kumntu ophilileyo (ophilayo okanye oswelekileyo) zifakelwa ngotyando. Emva kokufakelwa ngempumelelo, i-dialysis ayisekho mfuneko. Nangona kunjalo, isigulana kuya kufuneka sithathe amayeza ubomi baso bonke ukuthintela umzimba ukuba ungalamkeli izintso ezintsha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD) sisifo esihlala siqhubeka buthule, ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu .
- Isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko. Ukuba unezi meko, khathalela nezintso zakho.
- Ukuba kukho umngcipheko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha rhoqo kwaye uvavanye umchamo wakho negazi lakho.
- Musa ukusebenzisa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu (NSAIDs) ixesha elide ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha, nangasiphi na isizathu.
- Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesifo sezintso, injongo yonyango asikokusinyanga, kodwa kukulawula isifo ukuba singabi sibi. Ukuze wenze oku, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
Isifo sezintso, i-CKD, isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-Dialysis, ukufakelwa kwezintso
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