Izinto ekufuneka uzazi malunga nomhlaza wangasese! Masithethe ngale nto.

Ngamanye amaxesha siva ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezifunyanwa ngabasetyhini. Phakathi kwazo, umhlaza wesibeleko awuqhelekanga, kodwa yinto esifanele siyiqaphele ngokuqinisekileyo. Usenokuziva usoyika kancinci xa usiva oku, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokoyika, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha?

Yintoni umhlaza wangasese?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza welungu lobufazi ngumhlaza weeseli ezikwilungu lobufazi lakho. Njengoko usazi, ilungu lobufazi lilungu elifana nombhobho elidibanisa umlomo wesibeleko sakho (inxalenye esezantsi yesibeleko sakho) kunye nelungu lobufazi langaphandle (ilungu lobufazi).

Ngokwesiqhelo, kuyenzeka ukuba umhlaza uqale kwenye indawo emzimbeni, njengomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye umhlaza wesibeleko, uze usasazeke uye kwilungu lobufazi. Nangona kunjalo, akuvamile ukuba umhlaza uqale kwilungu lobufazi ngokwalo. Yiyo loo nto siwubiza ngokuba ngumhlaza wesibeleko .

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wesibeleko?

Kulungile, masibone ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wangasese. Ewe, zikho. Zithiywe ngohlobo lweeseli ezikwilungu lobufazi apho umhlaza uqala khona.

• I-Squamous cell carcinoma : Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Kukho iiseli ezisicaba ezingaphakathi kwilungu lakho lobufazi , ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-squamous. Ezi ziiseli apho lo mhlaza uqala khona. Malunga ne-90% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wesibeleko zezolu hlobo.
• I-Adenocarcinoma: Oku kuqala kwiiseli ze-gland kwi-vagina. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwalo mhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-clear cell adenocarcinoma . Olu hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala ababechatshazelwa liyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-diethylstilbestrol (DES) ngelixa besesibelekweni. Ngaphambili, i-DES yayisetyenziselwa ukuthintela iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• I-Melanoma: Ilungu lakho lobufazi lineeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-melanocytes ezilinika umbala, kwaye lo mhlaza uqala kwezo seli. Nangona kunjalo, i-melanoma kwilungu lobufazi inqabile kakhulu.
• I-Sarcoma: Oku kuqala kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezicubu zemisipha ezenza udonga lwelungu lobufazi. Njenge-melanoma, le sarcoma ayifumaneki lula. Kukwakho neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-sarcoma. I-RhabdomyosarcomaUhlobo oluqhelekileyo lubizwa ngokuba yi -``Leiomyosarcoma``, oluqheleke kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le mhlaza?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba lo mhlaza wesibeleko uqheleke kangakanani. Enyanisweni, ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngomnye kuphela kwabasetyhini abayi-100,000 ofumana esi sifo, kwaye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo yi-squamous cell carcinoma. Xa kufikwa kumhlaza wesibeleko, umhlaza wesibeleko ubanga i-1% ukuya kwi-2% kuphela.

Ngubani onokuba nomhlaza wesisu?

Kulungile, ngubani ke onokuba nomhlaza wangasese? Makhe sibone ukuba unayo na enye yezi zinto ziyingozi:

• Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60: Umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wesibeleko uyakhula njengoko ukhula. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza, i-squamous cell carcinoma, ludla ngokufunyaniswa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha lunokuvela kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60.
• Ukuba ukhe wosulelwa yi - human papillomavirus ( HPV ): I-HPV yintsholongwane edluliselwa ngesondo. Inokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza wangasese. Ukuba namaqabane amaninzi okwabelana ngesondo kwaye ungagonyelwa i-HPV kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo.
• Ukuba ufunyaniswe uneVaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN): I-VAIN ithetha ukuba iiseli ezikwi-layer ye-vaginal yakho aziqhelekanga, kodwa azingomhlaza. Abanye abantu abane-VAIN banokukhula babe ngumhlaza we-vaginal, kodwa ayingabo bonke abantu abakwenzayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba abaphandi abakaqiniseki ngokuqinisekileyo. Usenokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-VAIN ukuba une-HPV.
• Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza wesibeleko okanye i-cervical dysplasia ngaphambili: Usenokufumana umhlaza wesibeleko emva konyango lomhlaza wesibeleko. Kwakhona, ukuba uneeseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisibeleko sakho (cervical dysplasia), oko kunokunyusa umngcipheko wakho womhlaza wesibeleko .
• Ukuba ukhe wadibana neyeza i-diethylstilbestrol (DES): I-DES yi-estrogen yokwenziwa eyanikwa ukuthintela iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa phakathi ko-1940 no-1971. Ukuba umama wakho wathatha i-DES ngelixa wayekhulelwe, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana uhlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-adenocarcinoma.
• Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo: Ukutshaya kwandisa kabini umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wangasese.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wesisu?

Kubalulekile ukwazi iimpawu zomhlaza wangasese. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha unokuba nalo mhlaza ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu. Xa usiya kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho usenokufumana iiseli ezingaqhelekanga aze akuxelele ukuba unawo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho unokuwubona lo mhlaza nokuba umzimba wakho awukuxeleli nto.

Nangona kunjalo, xa kuvela iimpawu, unokubona izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukopha kwegazi kwilungu lobufazi emva kwesondo (oku kukopha okungahambelaniyo nokuya exesheni ).
• Ukopha kwamalungu esini emva kokuya exesheni (oko kukuthi, emva kokuba ukuya exesheni kuyekile ngokupheleleyo).
• Ukuphuma kwamanzi kwilungu lobufazi, okunegazi, okanye okunevumba elibi.
• Ukuva iintlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.
• Ukuziva into efana neqhuma kwilungu lobufazi.
• Intlungu xa uchama okanye ukuziva ngathi kufuneka uchame rhoqo.
• Ukuqhinwa okanye ukuphuma kwendle emnyama.
• Ukuziva ufuna ukuya ngasese nangona amathumbu engenanto.
• Intlungu yesinqe.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba yimeko embi efana nomhlaza wangasese. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze uhlolwe.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza wesisu?

Abaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela umhlaza wesisu. Nangona kunjalo, njengakwisifo somhlaza wesisu, kucingelwa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi komhlaza wesisu kunye neentlobo zeHPV ezinobungozi obukhulu. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abaninzi abanesifo somhlaza wesisu bane-antibodies kwiintlobo zeHPV ezinxulumene nomhlaza wesisu.

Isasazeka njani le ntsholongwane?

Uyazi indlela iiseli zomhlaza eziziphatha ngayo. Endaweni yokukhula, ukwahlukana, kwaye ekugqibeleni zife njengeeseli eziqhelekileyo, iiseli zomhlaza ziyaqhubeka zikhula. Ezi seli ziyahlukana kwaye zahlukane ukuze zenze iithumba. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi thumba zinokusasazeka (zisasazeke) ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kwaye zinokungena nakwizicwili eziphilileyo. Iiseli zomhlaza wesitho sangasese sangasese ziziphatha ngendlela efanayo.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wangasese?

Xa usiya kugqirha oneempawu, baya kuqala bakubuze ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko, baya kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze babone ukuba kukho umhlaza okanye iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza. Iinkqubo zokuthatha imifanekiso zinokunceda ekumiseleni inqanaba (isigaba) somhlaza, okanye ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na.

Uvavanyo

Amaxesha amaninzi, uya kuhlolwa isinqe kunye ne-Pap smear (uvavanyo lwe-Pap). Ukuba ugqirha ufumene iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, unokufuna iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana ne-colposcopy kunye ne-vaginal biopsy. Olu vavanyo lolona kuphela olunokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umhlaza ukhona na.

• Uvavanyo lwe-pelvic: Ugqirha uza kujonga i-penis yakho yangaphandle (i-vulva) aze afake iminwe emibini kwi-penis yakho ukujonga ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga na. I-penis iya kwandiswe kancinci kusetyenziswa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-speculum ukuvumela umbono ocacileyo womjelo we-penis kunye ne-cervix.
• I-Pap smear: Ngelixa ugcina i-vagina yakho ivulekile nge-speculum, ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa isixhobo esifana ne-spatula kunye nebrashi ukukrwela isampuli encinci yeeseli ezivela kumlomo wesibeleko sakho. Ezi seli ziza kuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze zivavanyelwe iimpawu zomhlaza okanye intsholongwane ye-HPV.
• I-Colposcopy: Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha usebenzisa isixhobo esikhanyiswe kakhulu esibizwa ngokuba yi-colposcope ukujonga ngaphakathi kwilungu lobufazi kunye nomlomo wesibeleko sakho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.
• I-Biopsy: I-biopsy idla ngokwenziwa ngaxeshanye ne-colposcopy. Ugqirha uthatha isampuli yethishu aze ayithumele kwilabhoratri ukuze ajonge iiseli zomhlaza.

Ukucwangcisa

Ukulinganisa inqanaba lesinye indlela ugqirha wakho anokufumanisa ngayo ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke kangakanani. Umhlaza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane ubekwa kwinqanaba ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili: ukuba ithumba lisasazeke kangakanani ngaphakathi kwisitho sangasese sowesifazane, nokuba lisasazeke na kwii-lymph nodes, nokuba lisasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba (lisasazeke na). Ezi ndidi zintathu zibizwa ngokuba yi-T (tumor), i-N (nodes), kunye ne-M (metastasized).

Ugqirha unokufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza wakho ngokusebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kwiziphumo zovavanyo kunye novavanyo olunokujonga ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza zezi:

• Ii-X-reyi
• Iiskeni zeComputerized Tomography (CT)
• Umzobo weMagnetic Resonance (MRI)
• Iskeni sePositron Emission Tomography (PET)

I-MRI inokubonelela ngeenkcukacha malunga nobukhulu bethumba. Ii-PET scan zinokubonisa ii-lymph nodes ezingaqhelekanga.

• I-Cystoscopy: Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwisinyi. Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci ekhanyisiweyo enekhamera kwisinyi sakho.
• I-Proctoscopy: Oku kungabona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke emathunjini amancinci okanye kwi-rectum. Kwakhona, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci ekhanyisiweyo enekhamera kwi-rectum yakho.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza wangasese?

Unyango lomhlaza wesibeleko luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lomhlaza, kunye neminyaka yakho. Kunye neminyaka yakho, nokuba unethemba lokuba nabantwana okanye awuzukuba nabantwana kunokuchaphazela izigqibo zonyango.

Ngokwesiqhelo, utyando lwelaser kunye nonyango olusetyenziswa ngamayeza asetyenziswa ekunyangeni iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza. Umhlaza wesibeleko ohlaselayo uhlala ufuna utyando, imitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy. Usenokwenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango kunye.

Utyando

• Ukususwa kwethumba kwindawo ebanzi: Ugqirha ususa ithumba elinomhlaza kunye nezinye izicwili eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo.
• Utyando lweVaginectomy (inxalenye okanye i-radical): Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nendawo yethumba, ugqirha wakho unokususa inxalenye okanye yonke i-vaginal yakho. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kususwe ii-lymph nodes (i-lymph node dissection) kwaye kususwe isibeleko kunye ne-cervix (hysterectomy).
• Ukukhupha isisu esiswini: Olu tyando lususa amalungu aliqela kwisisu sakho. Oku kuquka inxalenye esezantsi yamathumbu amakhulu (i-rectum), isinyi, isibeleko, umlomo wesibeleko, isini, ama-ovari, kunye nee-lymph nodes ezikufutshane. Umngxuma (i-stoma okanye i-ostomy bag) wenziwa esiswini sakho ukuze ukwazi ukuchama nokuchitha inkunkuma. Olu tyando lunokuqwalaselwa ukuba umhlaza ubuyile.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango lwemitha lusebenzisa imisebe yamandla ejoliswe kuyo, njengee-X-ray, ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ukuba zingahlukani.

• Unyango lwemitha yangaphandle: Umatshini ongaphandle komzimba wakho uqondisa imisebe yemitha enamandla aphezulu kwithumba lakho.
• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha: Iingcingo ezivaliweyo okanye ii-catheter ezinezinto ezisebenzisa imitha zifakwa ngaphakathi kwilungu lakho lobufazi, nokuba ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nethumba.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. I-Chemotherapy yodwa ayilonyango olusebenzayo lomhlaza wesibeleko. Nangona kunjalo, i-chemotherapy inokunikwa ngaxeshanye nonyango lwe-radiation ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-chemotherapy ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iithumba ezinyamaleleyo emva konyango zize zibuye.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ukuze uzame unyango olutsha lomhlaza oluphuhliswayo. Imibutho efana ne-American Cancer Society kunye ne-National Cancer Institute ziindawo ezilungileyo zokufumana ulwazi malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi oluqhubekayo lonyango lomhlaza wesibeleko.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yomhlaza wesibeleko?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba singenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesibeleko. Nangona ungenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko:

• Fumana uvavanyo lwe-pelvic rhoqo kunye novavanyo lwe-Pap. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka wenze olu vavanyo kangaphi ngugqirha wezifo zabesifazane.
• Fumana i-HPV vaccine. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokugonyelwa i-HPV. Okwangoku kukho imigonyo emithathu evunyiweyo yi-FDA: iGardasil, iGardasil 9, kunye neCervarix.
• Musa ukutshaya. Ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko wazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza, kuquka nomhlaza wangasese.

Iyintoni imbonakalo yomhlaza wesibeleko?

Uqikelelo lomntu onomhlaza wangasese luxhomekeke kwinqanaba apho ufunyaniswa khona. Umhlaza wangasese ofunyenwe kwangoko unganyangwa ngempumelelo. Emva koko ungaphila ubomi obupheleleyo. Umhlaza ofunyanwa emva kwexesha, oko kukuthi, kumanqanaba okugqibela, kunzima ukuwunyanga. Unokufuna unyango oluqhubekayo kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngabasetyhini, nokuba awuziva ugula. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu.

Eminye imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo

Ngaba umhlaza wangasese ungavela?

Ewe, kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaza ungene kwilungu lobufazi. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba umhlaza uqale kwilungu lobufazi ngokwalo. Amaxesha amaninzi, umhlaza oqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni usasazeka uye kwilungu lobufazi. Umhlaza osasazeka uye kwilungu lobufazi udla ngokuqala kwilungu lakho lesibeleko (umhlaza wesibeleko) okanye kwilungu lesibeleko sakho (umhlaza wesibeleko / umhlaza we-endometrial).

Luluphi uphawu lomhlaza olubonisa ukopha kwegazi kwisini?

Ukopha igazi kwisini luphawu oluqhelekileyo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kubandakanya umhlaza wesibeleko, umhlaza wesibeleko, umhlaza wesibeleko, kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukopha igazi okungaqhelekanga akulophawu lomhlaza, kodwa kunokuba luphawu lwezinye iimeko ezininzi. Ngoko ke, musa ukucinga ukuba unomhlaza kuba nje ukopha igazi okungaqhelekanga. Kodwa, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha kwaye uhlolwe.

Uvakalelwa njani umhlaza wangasese?

Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wangasese kukuphuma kwegazi ngaphandle kwentlungu. Oku kuthetha ukuba usenokungaziva nto konke konke ukuba unomhlaza wangasese. Akufane kwenzeke ukuba ube neentlungu zesinqe, iintlungu xa uchama , okanye ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokuqhinwa.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomhlaza wangasese, kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nohlobo lomhlaza, nokuba usasazekile na, kunye neendlela zonyango onazo. Ingqikelelo yakho ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukuchaza indlela olu xilongo oluya kukuchaphazela ngayo.

Okwangoku, ukwakha uthungelwano oluqinileyo lwenkxaso oluquka usapho lwakho, abahlobo, abasindileyo kumhlaza, kunye nabanye abasindileyo kumhlaza nako kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso sakho sokhathalelo. Thetha nomcebisi ukuze uthethe ngokuxilongwa kwakho. Kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zeemvakalelo, kunye nonyango lweklinikhi olufumanayo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ngongoma ziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule kuzo zonke ezi zinto:

• Nangona umhlaza wangasese ungowomhlaza ongaqhelekanga , kubalulekile ukuba uwuqaphele.
• Fumana uvavanyo lwe-pelvic rhoqo kunye novavanyo lwe-Pap. Ezi zinokubona iingxaki kwasekuqaleni.
• Ukufumana isitofu se-HPV kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesisu. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya.
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngokopha okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi, ukukhupha ulwelo olungaqhelekanga, okanye iintlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, musa ukuzityeshela. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomhlaza, ungoyiki. Kukho oogqirha, abacebisi, kunye namaqela enkxaso ukukunceda. Fumana ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwaye ujongane nonyango ngamandla.