Ngaba unazo iimpuku endlwini yakho? Ngoko ke lumka ngale ntsholongwane iyingozi (iLymphocytic Choriomeningitis)

Iimpuku zixhaphake kakhulu emakhayeni ethu, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha asizihoyi kangako ezi zilwanyana. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ezi zidalwa zincinci zinokusibangela izifo ezinzulu? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esidluliselwa zizilwanyana ezifana neempuku kwaye sinokuchaphazela nenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yiLymphocytic Choriomeningitis, okanye iLCM ngamafutshane.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni le LCM?

Esi sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Le ntsholongwane (i-LCM virus) luhlobo lwe-`(i-RNA virus)`. Idla ngokuqala yosulele izilwanyana ezifana neempuku, iihamsters, kunye neehagu zeGuinea. Impuku eqhelekileyo (`iMus musculus`) esiyifumana emakhayeni ethu yeyona ithwala le ntsholongwane. Khawuthelekelele, nangona ezi zilwanyana zosulelwe yintsholongwane, zihlala zibonakala ziphilile. Ezinye izilwanyana zithwala le ntsholongwane emizimbeni yazo ubomi bazo bonke ngaphandle kokubonisa naziphi na iimpawu zokugula. Oko kuthetha ukuba zinokusasaza esi sifo logama nje zisaphila.

Siyifumana njani le sifo?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Le ntsholongwane inokufumaneka kumchamo, ematheni, kwindle, nakwezinye izinto ezinazo isilwanyana esosulelekileyo . Khawucinge nje, ukuba ucoca indlu yakho kwaye ususa indle yempuku, ukuba unenxeba elincinci esandleni sakho, intsholongwane ingangena emzimbeni wakho ngaloo nto. Kwakhona, ukuba uchukumisa amehlo akho, impumlo, okanye umlomo ngezandla zakho ezichukumise ezi zinto zingcolileyo, ungosuleleka ngaloo nto. Ukuba ulunywe sisilwanyana, loo nto ikwangumngcipheko. Nangona kunjalo, kukho indawo enye apho kufuneka silumke kakhulu . Ukuba umama okhulelweyo ufumana olu sulelo, intsholongwane inokudluliselwa kumntwana osesibelekweni nge-placenta. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kumntwana. Kwimeko enjalo, umntwana unokuba neengxaki ezifana nezi:

• I-Congenital hydrocephalus: Oku kunokubangela ukuba intloko yomntwana ibe nkulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ngenxa yophuhliso lobuchopho
• Umonakalo wamehlo (iChorioretinitis): I-retina kunye nezakhiwo zangaphakathi zeliso zinokonakala.
• Intloko encinci ngokungaqhelekanga (iMicrocephaly): Le meko yenzeka xa ingqondo ingakhuli kakuhle esibelekweni.
• Ukukhubazeka kokubona

Kwakhona, le ntsholongwane inokudluliselwa ngexesha lokufakelwa amalungu omzimba.

Zithini iimpawu xa abantu benayo?

Abantu abaninzi (malunga ne-5% yabemi) abachaphazeleka yile ntsholongwane ababonisi zimpawu. Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba inamandla, usenokungaqapheli nokuba uyagula. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka, njengabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Ukuba iimpawu ziyavela, zihlala zibonakala phakathi kweentsuku ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-13 emva kokubonakaliswa yintsholongwane. Esi sifo sibiphasic . Oku kuthetha ukuba inqanaba lokuqala leempawu liyavela, liphele iintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye inqanaba lesibini liqala kwakhona. Le ntsholongwane ayizibulali ngokuthe ngqo iiseli zobuchopho. Nangona kunjalo, xa inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba isabela kuyo, inani elikhulu leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi liqokelelana engqondweni. Iikhemikhali ezizivelisayo zinokubangela ukudumba kunye nomonakalo kwingqondo nakwiinwebu ezigubungela ingqondo (i-meninges). Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba umntu ophilileyo unokuchacha ngokupheleleyo koku. Izinga lokufa lingaphantsi kwe-1%. Nangona kunjalo, njengakwesiphi na isifo esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki zexesha elide (umz., ukungeva, isifo samathambo) emva kokuchacha.

Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?

Ukuba unezilwanyana zasekhaya ezifana neempuku, okanye ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho kukho iimpuku, kwaye uneempawu esithethe ngazo,Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho. Ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu zifana nezinye izifo ezininzi ezibangelwa yintsholongwane, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze afumane isifo esichanekileyo.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ( Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo ): Oku kunokubonisa ukwehla kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (i-leukopenia) kunye nokwehla kweeplatelets zegazi (i-thrombocytopenia).
• Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwesibindi: Amanqanaba eeenzyme zesibindi anokunyuka.
• Uphononongo lweSpinal Tap/CSF: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukwanda kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye nokwehla kwamanqanaba eglucose kulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody : Olu vavanyo lukhangela ii-antibodies ezithile kule ntsholongwane egazini nakwi-cerebrospinal fluid.
• Uvavanyo lwe-PCR: Oku kunokufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo ubukho bezinto zofuzo (i-polymerase chain reaction - PCR) yentsholongwane.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Ukuba unesifo esincinci, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika unyango lwasekhaya. Oku kuquka ukukunika amayeza okulawula iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nokuhlanza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lunyango oluxhasayo . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esinzima njenge-meningitis okanye i-encephalitis, kuya kufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele . Ngamanye amaxesha, kwiimeko ze-hydrocephalus ebukhali, utyando olungxamisekileyo lunokufuneka ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo. Okwangoku akukho mayeza e-antiviral ngokukodwa kwesi sifo acetyiswayo ebantwini. Nangona iyeza le-ribavirin libonakalisiwe ukuba liyasebenza kuvavanyo lwelabhoratri, akukho bungqina bokuba liyasebenza ebantwini.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ungasinda njani kule meko?

Ukuthintela kusoloko kungcono kunonyango. Kukho izinto ezilula onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele kolu sulelo luyingozi.

• Nqanda iimpuku zingangeni ekhayeni lakho: Vala naziphi na iindawo ezivulekileyo ekhayeni lakho, ezifana nemingxunya eludongeni nakwiingxondorha, apho iimpuku zinokungena khona.
• Ucoceko: Nxiba iiglavu rhoqo xa ucoca iindawo ezihlala iimpuku kunye nendawo apho kukho khona indle yazo. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha emva kokucoca.
• Zikhathalele izilwanyana zasekhaya: Ukuba une-hamster okanye enye i-rodent, gcina iikheyiji zazo zicocekile. Xa ucoca iikheyiji, kwenze oku ngaphandle okanye kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo.
• Zigcine kude nezilwanyana zasendle: Kuphephe ukudibana neempuku zasendle.
• Indlela yokuthanda izilwanyana zasekhaya zakho: Kuphephe ukwanga okanye ukubamba iimpuku okanye ihamster yakho kufutshane nobuso bakho.

Abantu abasengozini ethile kufuneka bakuphephe ukuphatha iimpuku ngokupheleleyo: abafazi abakhulelweyo, abo baceba ukukhulelwa kungekudala, kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka ngenxa yezifo ezifana nomhlaza, i-HIV, okanye amanye amayeza. Kungcono ukuba nomnye umntu endlwini oza kunyamekela izilwanyana zakho zasekhaya.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

• I-LCM sisifo esidluliselwa yintsholongwane ngendle nomchamo wezilwanyana ezifana neempuku.
• Nangona uninzi lwabantu lungenazo iimpawu, abanye banokuba nomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, umkhuhlane wobuchopho unokubakho.
• Oku kuyingozi kakhulu koomama abakhulelweyo , kuba kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kumntwana ongekazalwa.
• Ukuthintela yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela ukusasazeka kwezinambuzane. Kubalulekile ukulawula iimpuku ekhayeni nokugcina ucoceko.
• Ukuba iimpawu ziyavela emva kokudibana neempuku, bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.

I-Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, i-LCM, umkhuhlane weempuku, usulelo lweentsholongwane, izifo ezidluliselwa ziimpuku, umkhuhlane wobuchopho, ukukhulelwa, isifo esithwalwa ziimpuku, i-meningitis, i-encephalitis