Ingabe inhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi yakho kuphilile? Ake sifunde ngezifo zesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi!

Sonke sifuna ukuba nempilo enhle. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo olubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi luyilokho oluyikho. Kalula nje, yile ndlela inhliziyo yethu nemithambo yegazi ezisebenzisana ngayo ukupompa igazi emizimbeni yethu yonke. Lolu hlelo lwenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokunikeza imizimba yethu impilo. Ngakho-ke uma kunenkinga ngalolu hlelo, ingathinta wonke umzimba wethu.

Ziyini izifo zesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi?

Isifo sesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi sibhekisela kunoma yisiphi isimo esithinta inhliziyo yakho noma imithambo yegazi. Cabanga ngakho njengeqembu elihle. Inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi zisebenza ndawonye ukuthwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo liyise kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu oyedwa eqenjini egula, lonke iqembu liyakuzwa lokho, futhi uma kunenkinga engxenyeni eyodwa yalesi simiso, ingathinta lonke uhlelo, futhi ekugcineni wonke umzimba.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zifo. Ngoba ngezinye izikhathi lezi zifo zingavela ngokuzumayo, noma zingakhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kweminyaka.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilezi zifo?

Ngokuvamile ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi Izifo zingabangela izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Izinkinga ngenhliziyo epompa igazi.
• Izinguquko esimweni nasekwakhekeni kwenhliziyo.
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi okungalungile.
• Ukuvaleka noma ukucinana kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ubuthakathaka bemithambo yegazi.

Ngakho-ke, uma ucabanga ukuthi unalolu hlobo lwesifo, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha .

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi?

Ososayensi bahlukanisa lezi zifo ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Lezi yizifo ezithinta inhliziyo kanye/noma imithambo yegazi.

2. Izifo zemithambo yegazi: Lezi yizifo ezithinta ngqo imithambo yegazi.

Kunezifo eziningi ezahlukene kuzo zombili lezi zigaba. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zazo, mhlawumbe wena noma othile oseduze nawe uke wathinteka yizo.

Ama-Aneurysms - ukuqubuka okufana nebhaluni emthanjeni wegazi

Ama-Aneurysm yisimo lapho izindonga zemithambo yethu yegazi, imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi, ziba buthakathaka futhi zivuvukale njengebhaluni. Zisengozini enkulu yokuba zinkulu, ziqhekeke, noma zakhe amahlule egazi. Zingakheka kunoma yimuphi umthambo wegazi.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu kukhula ku -aorta, umthambo omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-aneurysms e-aorta . Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Ama-aneurysms e-aorta yesifuba: Lawa ama-aneurysms akheka esifundeni sesifuba se-aorta.
• Ama-Aneurysms e-Aortic yesisu (AAA): Lawa ama-aneurysms akheka engxenyeni yesisu ye-aorta . Avame kakhulu kunalawo akheka esifubeni.

Kunezinye izinhlobo ze-aneurysms:

• Ama-aneurysms e-cerebral: Akheka emithanjeni ebuchosheni.
• Ama-aneurysms e-carotid: Akheka emithanjeni ye-carotid entanyeni.
• Zingakheka futhi emithanjeni enikeza igazi emathunjini, emithanjeni esemilenzeni, kanye nasemithanjeni esesinqeni.

I-Arrhythmias - ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile

Ama-arrhythmia ayizinhliziyo ezingavamile. Amanye awo aqala emakamelweni aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria). Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-supraventricular arrhythmia . I-atrial fibrillation uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwalezi.

Ezinye ziqala emakamelweni aphansi enhliziyo (ama-ventricle). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricular arrhythmias . I-Ventricular fibrillation iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela impilo ngoba singabangela ukufa okuzumayo.

I-Arrhythmias ivimbela inhliziyo ukuthi ifinyele futhi iphumule kahle, okusho ukuthi inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi kahle.

I-atherosclerosis - ukwakheka kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi

Lokhu kuwukunqwabelana kwamafutha, noma i-plaque, ngaphakathi kwemithambo yethu yegazi, okuyivimbayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le-plaque inciphisa imithambo yegazi futhi ivimbele ukugeleza kwegazi. Futhi, le-plaque ingaqhuma futhi yakhe i-blood clot, okuyinto eyingozi.

I-atherosclerosis yandisa ingozi yokuthola ezinye izifo ezifana nalezi:

• I-Carotid artery stenosis: Ukuqongelela kwe-plaque emithanjeni esentanyeni ehlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni.
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD): Ukunqwabelana kwe-plaque emithanjeni ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. I-CAD iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle: Ukunqwabelana kwama-plaque emithanjeni yegazi engalweni nasemilenzeni.

Izimo zomfutho wegazi

Umfutho wegazi lakho uyisilinganiso sokuthi igazi lakho ligeleza ngokushesha kangakanani emithanjeni yakho yegazi. Umfutho wegazi uvame ukushintsha usuku lonke, kuye ngokuthi wenzani. Kodwa-ke, umfutho wegazi uyingozi. (Umfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu noma ophansi kakhulu uyingozi).

Izinkinga ezihlobene nomfutho wegazi:

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme emithanjeni yomzimba wonke. Ngokuvamile lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "umfutho wegazi ophakeme." Umfutho wegazi ophakeme waziwa ngokuthi "umbulali othule."Ngoba, yize ngokuvamile ingabonakali izimpawu, ingabangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukucindezeleka kwegazi: Umfutho wegazi ophansi kuwo wonke umzimba.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-Portal: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emthanjeni othwala igazi lisuka emathunjini liye esibindini.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni ethwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini.

I-Cardiomyopathy - Isifo semisipha yenhliziyo

I-cardiomyopathy yiqembu lezifo ezithinta imisipha yenhliziyo, okwenza buthaka ikhono lenhliziyo lokupompa igazi.

Izinhlobo ezithile:

• I-cardiomyopathy evulekile: Amakamelo enhliziyo ayakhula.
• I-Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Imisipha yenhliziyo iyaqina.
• I-cardiomyopathy ye-Peripartum: Ubuthakathaka benhliziyo buvela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngemva kokubeletha.

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso - isifo senhliziyo esikhona lapho kuzalwa

Lokhu kubhekisela ezimweni zenhliziyo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi ziwufuzo. Ngezinye izikhathi, zingavela ngaphandle kokuba noma ubani emndenini abe nezimpawu. Cishe ingane eyodwa kweziyi-100 inohlobo oluthile lwesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso.

Ezinye izibonelo:

• I-Atrial septal defect kanye ne-Ventricular septal defect: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "imbobo enhliziyweni." Lezi yizimbobo eziphakathi kwezinhlangothi zesobunxele nesokudla zenhliziyo yengane.
• I-valve ye-aortic ye-Bicuspid: I-valve ye-aortic enama-cusps amabili esikhundleni samathathu.
• Ukuhlangana kwe-aorta: Ukuncipha kwendawo eyodwa ku-aorta yengane.
• Kunezinye izimo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, odokotela abazibiza ngamagama: I-Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), i-Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), i-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), i-Pulmonary atresia, i-Tetralogy of Fallot, i-Tricuspid atresia, i-Truncus arteriosus.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo - ubuthakathaka benhliziyo

Lokhu akusikho ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yisimo lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho, izitho zethu zomzimba azitholi inani lomoya-mpilo eziwudingayo. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Lesi yisifo esiqhubekayo. Ekugcineni, sifinyelela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okuhlanganisiwe , lapho uketshezi luqoqana ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba (ukuminyana).

Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo - izinkinga ngama-valve enhliziyo

Lezi zifo zingathinta noma yimaphi ama-valve amane enhliziyweni yethu. Lawa ma-valve afana namasango, ahlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zenhliziyo futhi alawula ukugeleza kwegazi. Uma i-valve iba nesifo, ibeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkinga ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo zingavela.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-valve yilezi:

• Ukubuyela kwe-valve ye-mitral: Igazi ligeleza libuyela emuva uma i-valve ye-mitral ingavali kahle.
• I-Aortic valve stenosis: Ukuncipha kwe-aortic valve, okunciphisa inani legazi elidlula kuyo.
• Ukubuyela kwe-valve ye-aortic: Igazi ligeleza emuva uma i-valve ye-aortic ingavali kahle.

I-cholesterol ephezulu

Kudingeka sibe nenani elithile lamafutha (ama-lipid) egazini lethu. Anemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa-ke, ukuba namafutha amaningi egazini kuyingozi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol ephezulu (i-hyperlipidemia) . Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuthola ezinye izifo eziningi.

I-Familial hypercholesterolemia yisimo lapho i-cholesterol ephezulu izuzwa khona njengefa. Abantu abanalesi simo banamazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-LDL (i-cholesterol embi) . Lokhu kubabeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola i-CAD nesifo senhliziyo, futhi bangase babhekane nalokhu besebancane.

Isifo sohlangothi

Isifo sohlangothi siyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esisongela impilo esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Sivela lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni kuphazamiseka. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zesifo sohlangothi:

• I-Ischemic stroke: I-blood clot ivimba umthambo oya ebuchosheni.
• Isifo sohlangothi oluphuma igazi: Ukopha kwenzeka ngaphakathi ebuchosheni (mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuqhuma komthambo wegazi noma ukulimala kwekhanda), ngakho amangqamuzana obuchopho awatholi igazi.
• Ukuhlasela kwe-ischemic okufushane (i-TIA): Ihlule legazi livimba okwesikhashana ukugeleza kwegazi liye ebuchosheni, okubizwa nangokuthi "i-mini stroke ." I-TIA ivame ukuba uphawu lwesixwayiso ngaphambi kwe-ischemic stroke.

I-Vasculitis

Lolu uhlelo lokuzivikela olusebenza ngokweqile olubangela ukuvuvukala emithanjeni yegazi. Lokhu kungathinta imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, noma ama-capillary. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungabangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe futhi ivaleke. Kungabangela futhi ukuba imithambo yegazi ibe buthaka bese kwakheka i-aneurysm.

Isifo semithambo yegazi

Leli yiqembu lezifo ezithinta imithambo yethu (imithambo ethwala igazi elingcolile, noma igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ophansi, libuyele enhliziyweni). Lezi zifo zingabangela ukuthi ukugeleza kwegazi kwehle, kugeleze ngendlela engafanele, noma kume ngokuphelele ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Izifo ezivamile zemithambo yegazi:

• Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwemithambo yegazi okungapheli (CVI): Imithambo esemilenzeni inenkinga yokupompa igazi libuyele enhliziyweni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi lihlangane emithanjeni yemilenze.
• I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): I-blood clot eyakheka emthanjeni ojulile (umthambo ojulile ngaphansi kwesikhumba). Uma leli qhubu liqhuma, lingaya emaphashini bese libangela isimo esisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary embolism .

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezifo zesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi?

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kusukela kwesinye isifo kuya kwesinye. Ezinye izimpawu yilokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi “okungaqondile.” Okusho ukuthi, zingabangelwa ezinye izifo eziningi.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimpawu onazo. Angakwazi ukuthola inkinga bese enza izivivinyo uma kudingeka.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba (i-Angina) obuhambisana nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
• Isiyezi.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea) .
• Ukuvuvukala (i-Edema) (ngokuvamile emilenzeni).
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha noma ngokungajwayelekile).

Izimpawu zesimo esiphuthumayo - udinga ukuzazi lezi!

Kunezimpawu ezithile ezibonisa isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yakho kanye neyabathandekayo bakho. Qaphela izimpawu zalezi zimo:

• Ukuqhekeka noma ukuqhekeka kwe-Aneurysm.
• Isifo senhliziyo.
• I-embolism yamaphaphu.
• Isifo sohlangothi kanye nesifo sohlangothi esincane (TIA).
• I-fibrillation ye-Ventricular.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, iya esibhedlela noma ushayele i-ambulensi ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lezi zifo?

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhilela imithi, izinqubo kanye nokuhlinzwa.

Imithi

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo zesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Eminye yemithi evame ukusetshenziswa yile:

• Ama-ACE inhibitors: Ezinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ama-anticoagulant (ama-blood thinner): Asiza ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi. Anciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu.
• Ama-Beta-blocker: Elapha izifo zenhliziyo nezinkinga zesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi ezahlukahlukene.
• Ama-calcium channel blockers: Ezinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-arrhythmia.
• Ama-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi): Susa uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile anikezwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cardiomyopathy, kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ama-statin: Yehlisa i-cholesterol futhi yehlisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.

Izinqubo zezokwelapha kanye nokuhlinzwa

Ezinye izimo zidinga izinqubo zezokwelapha noma ukuhlinzwa. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, manje kunezindlela eziningi. Izibonelo:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo .
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okungenangozi kangako .
• Ukungenelela kwenhliziyo okuhamba nge-percutaneous (i-coronary angioplasty) - Lena inqubo yokwandisa imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni.

Ungazivikela kanjani ezifweni zesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi?

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuzivikela kulezi zifo ukubona udokotela ukuze ahlolwe minyaka yonke. Abantu abaningi abazi nokuthi banezici eziyingozi. Udokotela angakwazi ukubona izinkinga kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Futhi, ukwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwakho nasendleleni yakho yokuphila kungasiza ekuvimbeleni lezi zifo.

• Landela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo (okunamafutha amancane, usawoti, noshukela, izithelo nemifino eminingi).
• Zijwayeze ukuzivocavoca umzimba nsuku zonke (njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili).
• Gwema ngokuphelele ukubhema, ezinye izinhlobo zikagwayi, kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imikhuba yezempilo efanele wena. Kubalulekile futhi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo olusha lokuzivocavoca.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Izifo zesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi zingathinta umzimba wakho kanye nempilo yakho ngezindlela eziningi, yingakho kubalulekile ukufunda ngezimo ezivamile futhi uhileleke ngenkuthalo ekunakekelweni kwakho kwezokwelapha.

Yakha ubuhlobo obuhle nodokotela wakho. Qaphela izimpawu ezivamile kanye nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso ukuze uthole usizo ngokushesha uma uludinga. Yabelana ngalolu lwazi nabanye. Okuncane okwaziyo kungasindisa impilo yomunye umuntu ngelinye ilanga. Hlala uphilile!

Isifo Senhliziyo , Imithambo Yegazi, Ukujikeleza Kwegazi, I-Aneurysm, I-Arrhythmia, Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme, I-Cholesterol, Isifo Sohlangothi, Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo, Izifo Zesistimu Yokujikeleza Kwegazi, Izifo Zenhliziyo Nemithambo Yegazi, Impilo Yenhliziyo