Ingabe nawe uyawubona umhlaba ngombala omnyama nomhlophe? Ake sixoxe nge-Achromatopsia

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungaba njani ukubona umhlaba umnyama, umhlophe, nompunga ungenawo umbala? Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kuyinto yangempela. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngenkinga eyodwa yokubona engavamile kodwa ebalulekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-achromatopsia. Ungakhathazeki, ake sikuqonde kalula lokhu.

Kuyini i-Achromatopsia?

Kalula nje, i-achromatopsia yisimo samehlo esizalwa naso, esihambisana nofuzo. Into eyinhloko kulokhu ukuthi ikhono lokubona imibala lilinganiselwe. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo asibi sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okusho ukuthi izimpawu azibi zimbi kakhulu. Ngomqondo othile, lokho kuyimpumuzo, akunjalo? Cabanga nje, izimbali ezinhle ezinemibala, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imibala eyisikhombisa yothingo sonke esiyibonayo, laba bantu ababoni ngendlela efanayo. Lokho kungathinta kanjani impilo yabo yansuku zonke?

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalokhu?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-achromatopsia:

• I-Achromatopsia ephelele: Kulokhu, umbono unqunyelwe ngokuphelele kumnyama, umhlophe, kanye nompunga. Babona umhlaba njengokungathi uyifilimu endala emnyama nomhlophe.
• I-Achromatopsia engaphelele: Lapha, yize imibala ibonakala ngezinga elithile, ayicacile futhi inokubukeka okufiphele. Njengesithombe esifiphele kancane. Kunzima futhi ukuhlukanisa imibala komunye nomunye.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Achromatopsia kanye ne-Color Blindness?

Abanye abantu bangase bacabange ukuthi laba ababili bayafana. Kodwa empeleni, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalaba ababili. Umuntu onenkinga yokungaboni imibala ngokuvamile ubona kahle, okusho ukuthi angabona izinto ngokucacile. Banenkinga yokuhlukanisa imibala ethile, ikakhulukazi ebomvu neluhlaza okotshani. Bangabona imibala ngezinga elithile. Kodwa endabeni ye- achromatopsia , isimo siyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Ngaphezu kokungaboni imibala noma ukuyibona kahle, umbono wabo nawo ubuthakathaka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto zingabonakala zingacacile. Banezinye izinkinga zokubona, njengokunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo (nystagmus). Lokhu kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ngabo ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke.

Kalula nje, uma ukungaboni imibala kufana nenkinga ngesihlungi sombala, khona-ke i-achromatopsia ifana nezinkinga ezincane eziningi ngekhamera yonke.

Kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi ngibe nalesi simo?

I-Achromatopsia yinto evela ku-genes, okungukuthi, evela ku-genes.Uma othile emndenini wakho, kungaba ohlangothini lukamama noma lukababa wakho, enalesi simo, nawe unethuba lokusithola. Ikakhulukazi, uma izinhlangothi zombili zomndeni wakho (zombili izinhlangothi zikamama wakho nobaba) zinalesi thonya sezakhi zofuzo, ithuba lokuba ingane ibe nalesi simo cishe liyinye kwezine (1/4). Lokhu akusho ukuthi yonke ingane izosithola, kodwa kukhona ingozi.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Achromatopsia?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lesi yisimo esibangelwa yisici sofuzo . Ngemuva kweso lethu, kukhona ingxenye ezwela ukukhanya ebizwa ngokuthi i-retina . Kufana nefilimu ekhamera. Le retina iqukethe izinhlobo ezikhethekile zamaseli athola ukukhanya nombala. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-photoreceptor . Lawa maseli athumela ulwazi ebuchosheni, ethi, "Nansi into efana nale." Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli e-photoreceptor:

• Amakhoni: Lawa ngamaseli asisiza ukubona imibala. Futhi angamaseli asisiza sibone kahle ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo (njengasemini). Cabanga ngawo "njengochwepheshe bemibala" emehlweni ethu.
• Amaseli enduku: Lawa asisiza sibone izinto ngokucacile ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi, okungukuthi ebumnyameni. Awakwazi ukubona imibala kahle. Afana nabalindi basebusuku.

Okwenzekayo kumuntu one-achromatopsia ukuthi amaseli e-cone awasebenzi kahle.

• Umuntu obona kahle i-achromatopsia uncike ngokuphelele ekusebenzeni kwezinduku. Yingakho zingakwazi ukubona umbala.
• Kumuntu one-achromatopsia engaphelele, amaseli e-cone nawo asebenza ngezinga elithile kanye namaseli e-rod. Yingakho ebona imibala ifiphele kancane.

Okwamanje kunezakhi zofuzo eziyisithupha ezaziwayo ezithinta lesi simo. Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kulezi zakhi zofuzo kuthinta ukusebenza kwamaseli e-cone.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Achromatopsia?

Umuntu onalesi simo angaba nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozoba nazo zonke, kodwa lezi yizona ezivame kakhulu:

• Ama-Scotomas : Njengezindawo ezimnyama kwezinye izindawo zokubona.
• Umbono ofiphele, mhlawumbe one- astigmatism : Izinto azibonakali zicacile.
• Ukungaboni imibala: Ukungakwazi noma ikhono elilinganiselwe lokubona imibala.
• Ukubuka kude kakhulu.
• Ukwesaba ukukhanya kwelanga: Bakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukubheka izinto ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo.
• I-Myopia/Ukungaboni eduze.
• Ukubona okungekuhle noma okuphansi.
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo nokungalawuleki (i-Nystagmus): Lokhu kuthinta nokubona kwabo.

Izimpawu zivela nini ezinganeni ezincane?

Ngokuvamile, i-photophobia ibonakala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane izoklinya, ikhale, noma ibubule ngokukhanya okukhulu. Izimpawu ezinjengokubona okungekuhle kanye nokungaboni kahle kombala nazo zingaba khona ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi abazali bazibona lezi zinto kuphela lapho ingane yabo isikhulile kancane, mhlawumbe eminyakeni embalwa kamuva. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingane ingase ingakwazi ukuyitshela ukuthi ayikwazi ukubona imibala lapho isencane.

Itholakala kanjani i-Achromatopsia?

Lesi simo sihlolwa udokotela wamehlo . Uma wena noma ingane yakho nibona udokotela, into yokuqala abazoyenza ukubuza ngomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho (ingabe kukhona omunye umuntu obe nalesi simo) kanye nezimpawu zakho. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo, i-retina ingase ibonakale ijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kungase kwenziwe izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuqinisekisa lesi simo. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kokubona imibala: Kulinganisa ikhono lakho lokuhlukanisa imibala ehlukene.
• I-Fundus autofluorescence: Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izicubu ze-retinal ngaphakathi kweso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-electrophysiology yamehlo: Hlola ukuthi amehlo akho kanye nezinzwa ezixhumene nawo zisabela kanjani ekukhanyeni.
• Ingxenye yalokhu i-electroretinography (ERG) . Lokhu kulinganisa impendulo kagesi yamaseli e-cone kanye nezinduku ekukhanyeni. Yilokhu okusivumela ukuthi sithole ukuthi amaseli e-cone asebenza kanjani kahle.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Lokhu kuthatha izithombe ze-retina ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba, ezifana nokuskena .
• Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo: Lokhu kungahlola ukuthi unamabala angaboni yini nokuthi, uma kunjalo, makhulu kangakanani.

Uma lezi zivivinyo zizwakala ziyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ungakhathazeki. Odokotela benza lezi zivivinyo ukuqinisekisa isimo esiqondile sesimo sakho futhi bakunikeze iseluleko esingcono kakhulu osidingayo.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha i-achromatopsia?

Ngokudabukisayo, okwamanje akukho ikhambi eliphelele lesimo se-achromatopsia.Lokho kusho ukuthi akukho mithi noma ukuhlinzwa okutholakale ukuthi kuzoqeda lokhu.

Kodwa, lokho akusho ukuthi umuntu onalesi simo akanakuphila impilo enhle. Lutho neze!

Ngisho noma benalesi simo, bangaphila impilo yokuzimela ngokusebenzisa umbono wabo ngokugcwele, belawula izimpawu zabo ngokusekelwa komphakathi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda isimo sabo nokuvumelanisa impilo yabo ngokufanele. Ukwelashwa kugxile kakhulu ezintweni ezisiza ukulawula izimpawu nokwenza impilo ibe lula.

Izibuko ezikhethekile

Ngokuvamile , amalensi anombala omnyama anqunywa njengokwelashwa. Lawa malensi ahlunga amaza okukhanya ayingozi. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukwesaba ukukhanya. Ezinye izibuko zinezinhlaka ezifinyelela ezinhlangothini zezindlebe ukuze zinikeze ukumbozwa okuphezulu. Ezinye zingase zibe nesivikelo phezulu. Lezi zibukeka njengezibuko zelanga, kodwa zikhethekile kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kokubona okuphansi

Lokhu futhi kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kubafundisa indlela yokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokuphepha nangokulula. Isibonelo:

• Indlela yokufunda izincwadi namadokhumenti kalula usebenzisa amadivayisi okukhulisa nge-elekthronikhi .
• Indlela yokuhamba ngokuphepha usebenzisa induku ende emhlophe uma uhamba ezindaweni ezingaziwa.
• Indlela yokuqaphela ngokucophelela indawo ezungezile nokubona izingozi zokuwa.
• Ungajwayela kanjani ukusebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi uma ungakwazi ukushayela imoto.
• Indlela yokusebenzisa izinto ezinombala ogqamile. Isibonelo, kulula ngabo ukubona izinto ezifana noyinki omnyama ephepheni elimhlophe.

Ngokuqeqeshwa okunje, bangaphila impilo yabo ngokuzimela kakhulu.

Ingabe i-Achromatopsia ingavinjelwa?

Ngenxa yokuthi kuyisimo sofuzo, akukho lutho esingakwenza ukusivimba ukuthi singakhuli. Lokho kusho ukuthi asikwazi ukusivimba ukuthi singakhuli ngokudla esikudlayo noma ngezinto esizenzayo. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo singena kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomndeni wakho, okusho ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube nethuba lokudlulisela lesi sakhi sofuzo ezinganeni zakho, ungase ufune ukucabanga ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kofuzo . Imiphumela yalolo vivinyo izokutshela ukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi izingane zakho zizuze lesi simo njengefa. Lokhu kungabaluleka lapho uhlela umndeni.

Iyini inhloso yabantu abane-Achromatopsia?

Nakuba lokhu kungakwenza uzizwe udangele, isibikezelo kubantu abane-achromatopsia empeleni sihle.

• Izingane: Lezi zingane ngokuvamile zingaya ezikoleni ezivamile.I-Achromatopsia akuyona inkinga yokufunda. Kodwa-ke, bangase badinge usizo ukuze banqobe izinselele zabo zokubona (isib., ukwenza umbhalo ube mkhulu ezincwadini, ukufiphaza izibani). Uma othisha nabazali bekwazi lokhu, akukho sithiyo enganeni ethola imfundo enhle.
• Abantu abadala: Abantu abadala abane-achromatopsia bavame ukuhlala ngokuzimela. Bangase badinge ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo ukuze bajwayele indawo abakuyo kanye nemisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, bayakwazi ukubamba imisebenzi nokusebenza emphakathini.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubanikeza ukwesekwa, ukuqonda, kanye nezinsiza abazidingayo.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzazi uma uphila ne-Achromatopsia

Kunezindlela eziningana nezindlela ezingasiza umuntu ophila nalesi simo ukuthi athuthukise ukuphepha kwakhe, induduzo kanye nokuzimela.

Ukulungisa indawo yasekhaya:

• Ukuhlelwa kwefenisha: Hlela ifenisha endlini ukuze kube nesikhala esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ingashayisani lapho izulazula.
• Amakhethini aqinile: Beka amakhethini aqinile emafasiteleni endlu yakho. Lokhu kuzosiza ukulawula ukukhanya kwemvelo okungena endlini. Azikhululekile ngokukhanya okukhanyayo.
• Nciphisa ukukhanya: Faka uhlobo 'lwepende elicwebezelayo' ezindaweni ezifana nezindonga. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukukhanya okufika esweni lapho ukukhanya kulishaya.
• Ukuhlela Izinto: Hlela ikhaya lakho ukuze izinto ezibalulekile kube lula ukuzithola. Mhlawumbe ungabeka amalebula ngamagama amakhulu, acacile.

Imisebenzi yansuku zonke:

• Gwema ukukhanya okukhulu: Zama ukugwema ukuphuma emini, ikakhulukazi lapho ilanga likhanya kakhulu. Uma uphuma, gqoka izibuko zelanga nesigqoko.
• Isifundi sesikrini: Uma ubheka izikrini zamadivayisi kagesi afana namakhompyutha namafoni, kungaba nzima ngenxa yokukhanya okukhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungasebenzisa amadivayisi ezobuchwepheshe afana ne-``Isifundi sesikrini``. Lawa afunda okuqukethwe kwesikrini.
• Ubuchwepheshe bokusiza ngokubona: Isibonelo, kukhona i-'Scanner' ephathwa ngesandla engakutshela umbala wento. Amadivayisi anjengalawa awusizo kakhulu kubo.
• Ukugqoka isigqoko: Gqoka isigqoko esinomphetho lapho uphuma, ikakhulukazi elangeni. Lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lokukhanya okushaya amehlo akho ngqo.

Okokugcina, yini okufanele ukwazi

I-Achromatopsia yisimo esingavamile sokuzalwa esithinta ikhono lokuhlukanisa imibala kanye nekhwalithi yokubona. Izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi ziphazamise impilo yansuku zonke.

Kodwa khumbula, ngokuqonda okufanele, izibuko ezikhethekile, ukuqeqeshwa okungaboni kahle, kanye nokusekelwa kwabathandekayo, ngisho nomuntu onalesi simo angaphila impilo yokuzimela nenenjongo.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba noma sokuba namahloni. Uma usheshe ukuqaphela, kulapho ungathola khona usizo ngokushesha. I-Achromatopsia, umbono wombala, ukukhubazeka kokubona, izifo zofuzo, i-retina, amaseli e-cone, amaseli e-rod