Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungaba njani ukubona umhlaba umnyama, umhlophe, kanye nombala ompunga kuphela, ungenazo imibala? Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kuyiqiniso labo lansuku zonke. Namuhla, sixoxa ngesimo sokubona esingavamile kodwa esibalulekile esaziwa ngokuthi i-Achromatopsia. Sicela ungakhathazeki; ake sikuhlukanise lokhu ndawonye.
Kuyini i-Achromatopsia?
Kalula nje, i-Achromatopsia iwukukhubazeka kokubona okubangelwa ukuzalwa, okubangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Ithinta kakhulu ikhono lakho lokubona imibala. Lesi simo asishintshi, okusho ukuthi ngokuvamile asibi sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngandlela thile, lokho kuyaduduza impela, akunjalo?
Cabanga nje ungakwazi ukuzwa izimbali ezikhazimulayo, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma imibala eyisikhombisa yothingo esivame ukuyithatha kalula. Kulula ukubona ukuthi lokhu kuthinta kanjani impilo yomuntu yansuku zonke.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-Achromatopsia:
- I-Achromatopsia ephelele: Umbono wakho ukhawulelwe kuphela kumnyama, umhlophe, kanye nemibala empunga, njengokubuka umhlaba ngefilimu yakudala emnyama nomhlophe.
- I-Achromatopsia engaphelele: Lapha, ungase ubone umbala othile, kodwa ubonakala uthule kakhulu, uhlanziwe, noma ungcolile—njengesithombe esinombala owehlisiwe. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala ehlukene kusalokhu kuyinselele kakhulu.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Achromatopsia kanye ne-Color Blindness?
Abantu abaningi bayadida lokhu okubili, kodwa kukhona umehluko omkhulu kwezokwelapha.
Ubumpumputhe bombala buvame ukubhekisela kubantu abanokubona okuhle kakhulu; babona izinto ngokucacile kodwa banenkinga yokuhlukanisa imibala ethile, njengobomvu noluhlaza.
Kodwa-ke, i-Achromatopsia iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuntuleka kokubona imibala, labo abathintekile bavame ukuba nombono ophansi, okusho ukuthi umbono wabo ungase ufiphale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo okungazikhetheli okwaziwa ngokuthi i-nystagmus kungase kwenzeke, okungenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe nzima kakhulu.
Ngamafuphi: uma ukungaboni kombala kufana nesihlungi sombala esinephutha, i-Achromatopsia ifana nokuba nezinkinga eziningana eziyisisekelo ohlelweni lonke lwekhamera.
Angakanani amathuba okuba ngibe nalesi simo?
I-Achromatopsia izuzwa ngezakhi zofuzo zakho. Uma othile emndenini wakho—kungaba ngokamama wakho noma kababa wakho—enalesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthi ungaba nalesi sici. Ngokukhethekile, uma bobabili abazali benokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kunethuba elingu-1-kwa-4 (25%) lokuthi ingane ngayinye izalwe nalesi simo. Nakuba kungebona bonke abantwana abathintekayo, ingozi yezakhi zofuzo ikhona.
Yini ebangela i-Achromatopsia?
Njengoba kushiwo, lokhu kuyisifo sofuzo. Ngemuva kweso lakho kukhona i -retina, esebenza njengefilimu ekhamera. I-retina iqukethe amangqamuzana akhethekile azwela ukukhanya abizwa ngokuthi ama-photoreceptors adlulisela ulwazi olubonakalayo ebuchosheni.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-photoreceptors:
- Amakhoni: Laba "ochwepheshe bakho bemibala." Bakusiza ukuthi ubone imibala futhi banikeze umbono obukhali ezimweni ezikhanyayo, zasemini.
- Izinduku: Laba basebenza “njengabalindi bakho basebusuku,” bekusiza ukuthi ubone ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane, yize bengaboni umbala.
Kubantu abane-Achromatopsia, ama-cone awasebenzi kahle.
- Ku-Achromatopsia ephelele, umbono uncike ngokuphelele ezindongeni, yingakho umbala ungekho.
- Ku-Achromatopsia engaphelele, ama-cone agcina umsebenzi othile osele eceleni kwezinduku, okuholela ekuboneni umbala ngendlela engabonakali kahle nengacacile.
Isayensi ithole izinguquko eziningana zezakhi zofuzo eziphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-cone.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-Achromatopsia?
Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile zifaka:
- Ama-Scotomas: Amabala amnyama noma izindawo ezingaboni kahle ensimini yakho yokubona.
- Umbono ofiphele: Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kanye ne -astigmatism.
- Ukungaboni imibala: Ukungakwazi ukubona noma ukuhlukanisa imibala.
- Ukubuka kude kakhulu.
- I-Photophobia: Ukuzwela okukhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga okukhanyayo noma ekukhanyeni okwenziwe.
- I-Myopia: Ukubona eduze.
- Ukubona okungekuhle noma okuphansi: Ubunzima bokubona imininingwane emincane.
- I-Nystagmus: Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okuzenzakalelayo, okusheshayo, nokuphindaphindayo.
Izimpawu zivame ukuvela nini ezinganeni?
Ngokuvamile, ukuzwela okukhulu kokukhanya (i-photophobia) kubonakala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Ingane ingase ibambe, ikhale, noma ibuke ubuso bayo ekukhanyeni okukhulu. Nakuba ezinye izinkinga zokubona zikhona lapho izalwa, abazali bavame ukuzibona njengoba ingane ikhula, njengoba ingane encane ingase ingabi namagama okuchaza ukuthi ayikwazi ukubona imibala.
Itholakala kanjani i-Achromatopsia?
Udokotela wamehlo uhlola isifo. Uma wena noma ingane yakho nivakashela emtholampilo, udokotela uzoqala ngomlando womndeni ophelele kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezimpawu.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-retina, ingemuva leso lingase libonakale lijwayelekile, yingakho udokotela wakho cishe ezokuncoma ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, okufana nalokhu:
- Ukuhlolwa kokubona imibala: Lokhu kulinganisa ikhono lakho lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala ehlukene.
- I-Fundus autofluorescence: Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhethekile kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izicubu ze-retina ngemuva kweso lakho.
- I-electrophysiology yamehlo: Lokhu kuhlola indlela amehlo akho kanye nezinzwa zawo ezihambisanayo ezisabela ngayo ekukhanyeni.
- Ingxenye ebalulekile yalokhu yi -Electroretinography (ERG) . Lokhu kulinganisa impendulo kagesi yamaseli e-cone kanye ne-rod ekukhanyeni, okusisiza ukuthi sihlole ngokunembile ukuthi amaseli akho e-cone asebenza kahle kangakanani.
- I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Lokhu kunikeza izithombe ze-retina yakho, kusebenza njengokuskena ukuze kuhlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe.
- Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo: Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi unazo yini izindawo ezingaboni kahle, futhi uma kunjalo, kunquma ubukhulu bazo kanye nomthelela wazo ekuboneni kwakho.
Nakuba lezi zivivinyo zingase zizwakale ziyinkimbinkimbi, sicela ungazizwa ukhungathekile. Ithimba lethu lezokwelapha lisebenzisa lezi zivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho ngokunembile futhi likunikeze uhlelo lokunakekelwa olungcono kakhulu.
Ingabe ikhona ikhambi le-Achromatopsia?
Kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngqo: okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwe-Achromatopsia. Akukho mithi noma ukuhlinzwa okutholakalayo ukuqeda lesi simo.
Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuphila impilo eyanelisayo nesezingeni eliphezulu. Lutho neze!
Ngisho noma unalesi simo, ungaphila impilo yokuzimela ngokukhulisa umbono wakho osele, ukusebenzisa ukwesekwa komphakathi, nokuphatha izimpawu zakho ngempumelelo. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda isimo sakho nokuguqula indlela yakho yokuphila ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zakho.
Ukwelashwa kugxile kakhulu ekuphathweni kwezimpawu kanye nokuthuthukisa induduzo yakho yansuku zonke kanye namakhono okusebenza.
Izibuko ezikhethekile
Isu elivamile lokuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwamalensi anombala omnyamaLawa malensi ahlunga ukukhanya okunzima noma okungakhululekile, okusiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-photophobia (ukuzwela kokukhanya). Amanye amafreyimu aklanyelwe ukunwebeka emaceleni ukuze ahlinzeke ngokumbozwa okuphezulu, kanti amanye angafaka izihlangu. Nakuba zingase zibukeke njengezibuko zelanga, ziyimishini yezokwelapha ekhethekile eyenzelwe izidingo zakho.
Ukwelashwa kokubona okuphansi
Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwakho. Ukwelashwa kokubona okuphansi kukufundisa indlela yokuhamba ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokuphepha nangokulula. Izibonelo zifaka:
- Ukusebenzisa amadivayisi okukhulisa nge-elekthronikhi ukufunda izincwadi, amadokhumenti, nezinye izinto kalula.
- Ukufunda ukusebenzisa induku ende emhlophe ukuze uhambe ngokuphepha lapho uhamba ezindaweni ongazazi.
- Ukuthuthukisa amasu okuhlonza nokugwema izingozi zokuwa ezingaba khona endaweni okuzungezile.
- Ukuzivumelanisa nezinto zokuhamba zomphakathi uma ungakwazi ukushayela.
- Ukusebenzisa izinto ezibonisa umehluko omkhulu ; isibonelo, ukusebenzisa umbhalo omnyama ephepheni elimhlophe kungenza ukufunda kube lula kakhulu.
Ngale ngqeqesho, ungagcina izinga eliphezulu lokuzimela empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.
Ingabe i-Achromatopsia ingavinjelwa?
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi yisimo sofuzo, asinakuvinjelwa. Akukho lutho ekudleni kwakho noma endleleni yakho yokuphila olungavimbela lesi simo ukuthi singenzeki.
Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo singena emndenini wakho futhi ukhathazekile ngokudlulisela isakhi sofuzo kubantwana bakho, ungase ucabangele ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo . Imiphumela ingakusiza uqonde amathuba okuba izingane zakho zizuze lesi simo njengefa, okungaba yinto ebalulekile ekuhleleni kwakho umndeni.
Uyini umbono womuntu one-Achromatopsia?
Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuthusa, isibikezelo kubantu abane-Achromatopsia sihle.
- Izingane: Lezi zingane ngokuvamile zingaya ezikoleni ezivamile. I-Achromatopsia ayithinti ikhono lokufunda. Kodwa-ke, zingadinga ukwesekwa ukuze zinqobe izinselele ezihlobene nokubona (isib. ukusebenzisa imibhalo emikhulu noma ukulungisa ukukhanya kwekilasi). Uma nje othisha nabazali benolwazi oluhle, akukho sithiyo enganeni ethola imfundo enhle.
- Abantu Abadala: Abantu abadala abane-Achromatopsia bavame ukuhlala ngokuzimela. Ungadinga ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo ukuze ulungise indawo yakho kanye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke, kodwa uyakwazi ngokugcwele ukuphishekela umsebenzi nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo emphakathini.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwesekwa okudingekayo, ukuqonda, kanye nezinsizakusebenza ukuze uchume.
Ukuphila ne-Achromatopsia: Amathiphu Abalulekile
Kunemikhuba nezinguquko eziningana ezingakusiza ukuthi wandise ukuphepha kwakho, induduzo, kanye nokuzimela.
Ukushintsha isimo sendawo yasekhaya lakho:
- Ukuhlelwa kwefenisha: Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala ingenazo izinto eziningi ukuze uvimbele ukungqubuzana noma ukuwa ngengozi.
- Amakhethini aqinile: Sebenzisa amakhethini aqinile emafasiteleni akho ukulawula inani lokukhanya kwemvelo okungena ekhaya lakho, njengoba ukukhanya okukhanyayo kungaba yinto engakhululekile.
- Nciphisa ukukhanya: Sebenzisa upende olucwebezelayo odongeni ukuze unciphise ukukhanya.
- Ukuhleleka: Gcina izinto ezibalulekile ezindaweni ezihambisanayo nezifinyeleleka kalula, mhlawumbe usebenzisa amalebula amakhulu nacacile ukuze akusize uzibone.
Imisebenzi yansuku zonke:
- Gwema ukukhanya okukhanyayo: Zama ukunciphisa imisebenzi yangaphandle ngesikhathi selanga elishisa kakhulu. Uma kufanele uphume, gqoka njalo izibuko zakho ezikhethekile kanye nesigqoko.
- Izifundi zesikrini:Uma izikrini zokufunda kumakhompyutha noma ocingweni zibangela ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokukhanya, cabanga ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokufunda isikrini efunda okuqukethwe ngokuzwakalayo.
- Ubuchwepheshe bokusiza: Ama-scanner aphathwa ngesandla angakwazi ukubona umbala wezinto angaba usizo olukhulu empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.
- Gqoka isigqoko esinomphetho: Uma ungaphandle, ikakhulukazi elangeni, gqoka isigqoko esinomphetho ukuze uvikele amehlo akho ekukhanyeni okuqondile nokunamandla.
Izinto zokugcina okufanele uzicabangele
I-Achromatopsia yisimo esingavamile, esizuzwe njengefa esithinta ukuqonda kombala kanye nekhwalithi yokubona iyonke. Nakuba izimpawu zingaba nzima ngezinye izikhathi, akudingeki zinciphise amandla akho.
Khumbula, ngokuqonda okufanele, ukugqoka amehlo okukhethekile, ukuqeqeshwa okungaboni kahle , kanye nokusekelwa kwabathandekayo bakho, ungaphila impilo yokuzimela nenenjongo ngokuphelele.
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nalezi zimpawu, isinyathelo esingcono kakhulu sokubonana nodokotela wamehlo ukuze uthole isiqondiso sochwepheshe. Asikho nhlobo isizathu sokuzizwa ukhathazekile noma unamahloni. Uma lezi zimo zitholakala ngokushesha, kulapho ungasheshe uthole khona ukunakekelwa nokusekelwa okudingayo ngeNirogi Lanka.
I-Achromatopsia, Ukubona Umbala, Ukukhubazeka Kokubona, Izinkinga Zofuzo, I-Retina, Amaseli Ekhoni, Amaseli Enduku
