Amazwi awakwazi ukuveza ukudabuka nokungabi namandla esikuzwayo lapho othandekayo wethu, mhlawumbe umama, ubaba, noma umngane, eba nesifo i- Alzheimer 's, esibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo. Odokotela nososayensi emhlabeni wonke basebenza kanzima ukuthola ikhambi lalesi sifo. Ngenxa yale mizamo, umhlaba waqala ukukhuluma ngomuthi i- Aducanumab , oza ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-Aduhelm. Kodwa nakuba kwakukhona amathemba amakhulu ngalo muthi, kwakukhona nempikiswano enkulu. Manje ukukhiqizwa kwalo muthi kumisiwe. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi uyini lo muthi i-Aduhelm, ukuthi usebenza kanjani, nokuthi kungani ungasatholakali.
Kalula nje, iyini le Aduhelm (Aducanumab)?
I-Aduhelm umuthi onikezwa iziguli ezisesigabeni sokuqala sesifo i-Alzheimer's, okungukuthi, labo abanokukhubazeka okuncane kokuqonda . Ungowesigaba esikhethekile semithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antibody e-monoclonal .
Cabanga nje, lapho isifo i-Alzheimer's siqala, uhlobo lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid luqoqana phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni bethu, luzibeke njengodoti. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ama-amyloid plaque . Lawa ma-plaque alimaza amangqamuzana obuchopho futhi abangele ukuba afe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womuthi we-Aduhelm ukuhlonza ama-amyloid plaque aqoqana ebuchosheni futhi asize umzimba ukuwasusa.
Lo muthi wavunyelwa yi-US FDA ngendlela engavamile, washaya indiva izincomo zebhodi lezeluleko lenhlangano. Ngenxa yalokho, abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangabaza isidingo socwaningo olwengeziwe ngokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwalo muthi.
Kodwa-ke, inkampani eyakha lesi sidakamizwa yayeka ukusikhiqiza ngokuphelele ngo-2024. Sizobona ukuthi kungani kamuva.
Lo muthi usebenza kanjani emzimbeni?
Lona umuthi onikezwa kanye ngenyanga ngokufakwa kwe -IV. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, esinye sezimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo se-Alzheimer ukuqongelela kweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid-beta ebuchosheni, kwakha ama-plaque. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana obuchopho afe, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kanye nokushintsha kokuziphatha.
Umuthi i-Aduhelm usebenza njengomseshi okhethekile. Ungena ebuchosheni bese ukhomba ngqo ukuthi lawo ma-plaque e-amyloid akuphi. Uyawabona bese enamathela kuwo. Bese uthumela isignali ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uthi, "Nansi into edinga ukususwa." Bese amaseli ohlelo lokuzivikela angena futhi abhubhise lawo ma-plaque.
Ososayensi babecabanga ukuthi ngokususa i-plaque ngale ndlela, amangqamuzana obuchopho ayezoyeka ukufa futhi ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwenkumbulo namakhono okucabanga kuzolawulwa.
Ingabe lo muthi uyasebenza ngempela? Kungani kunempikiswano engaka ngawo?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Kwenziwe izifundo ezimbili ezinkulu ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kahle komuthi i-Aduhelm.
1. Ucwaningo lokuqala: Lokhu kubonise ukuthi umuthi i-Aduhelm wehlisa inani lama-amyloid plaque ebuchosheni. Futhi wehlisa kancane izinga lokwehla kwenkumbulo kanye nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke kulabo abathatha umthamo omkhulu walo muthi. Kodwa umuthi awukwazanga ukuvimba noma ukubuyisela emuva lesi sifo.
2. Ucwaningo lwesibili: Lolu cwaningo aluzange lubonise izinzuzo ezigulini. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo lwamiswa phakathi.
Imiphumela yalolo cwaningo olulodwa kuphela ayanelanga ukwanelisa ibhodi lezeluleko le-FDA. Kodwa i-FDA yanquma ukuvuma umuthi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, yanika i-Biogen, inkampani eyenza umuthi, iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye yokwenza olunye ucwaningo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwawo. Lokhu kuvunyelwa okungazelelwe kwabangela impikiswano enkulu, futhi ezinye izinhlelo ezinkulu zezibhedlela zanquma ukungawuniki iziguli zazo kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nomuthi.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Aducanumab ne-Lecanemab
Kukhona omunye umuthi obizwa ngokuthi iLecanemab (Leqembi) ofana ne-Aducanumab (Aduhelm). Futhi uyi-antibody ye-monoclonal. Zombili lezi zisebenza ngokubhekisa amaprotheni e-amyloid ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko omncane endleleni ezisebenza ngayo. Okusho ukuthi, le mithi emibili isebenza ezigabeni ezimbili ezahlukene enkambisweni yokwakheka kwe-amyloid plaque. ILecanemab yathola imvume ye-FDA ngo-2023. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi inganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo cishe ngo-20%-30%.
Yiziphi imiphumela emibi ye-Aducanumab?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, i-Aducanumab ingabangela imiphumela emibi . Eminye yale miphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuyiqaphela.
| Umphumela Ongemuhle | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kwesikhashana | Lona umphumela ovame ukubikwa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile awunazimpawu futhi utholakala ngokuskena. |
| Ukopha okuncane kobuchopho | Lezi zivame ukuba yizigameko zokopha ezingabonakali kalula ezingatholakala kuphela ngokuskena. |
| Ubuhlungu bekhanda | Umphumela ovamile wecala. |
| Ukuwa | Kubikwe ukuthi umzimba uyawa njengoba ibhalansi yomzimba ingathinteka. |
| Uhudo | Imiphumela emibi ehlobene nohlelo lokugaya ukudla ingase ivele. |
| Ukudideka | Ukucaca kokucabanga kungathinteka okwesikhashana. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma umuntu osebenzisa lolu hlobo lomuthi eba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile, kufanele azise udokotela wakhe ngokushesha.
Pho kungani lo muthi uyekwa?
NgoJanuwari 2024, iBiogen yamemezela ukuthi izoyeka ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza nokuthengisa i-Aducanumab. Abantu abaningi babecabanga ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha noma ukuntuleka kokusebenza kahle. Kodwa leso akusona isizathu sangempela.
Le nkampani ichaze ukuthi lesi sinyathelo senziwe ngoba inqume ukugxila ezinsizakalweni zayo (imali, amaqembu ocwaningo, njll.) ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhuthazeni eminye imithi ye-Alzheimer's, ikakhulukazi imithi efana neLecanemab. Okusho ukuthi, lesi kwakuyisinqumo sokuphathwa kwebhizinisi kanye nezinsiza, hhayi isinqumo esenziwe ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha noma ukusebenza kahle komuthi.
Ngalesi sinqumo, ngemuva kukaNovemba 1, 2024, ngisho neziguli ezithole lo muthi ngomuthi kadokotela ngeke zisakwazi ukuwuthola.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Aduhelm (i-Aducanumab) umuthi owethulwa ukwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer's esisesigabeni sokuqala, kodwa manje awusasebenzi .
- Inqubo yayo eyisisekelo kwakuwukusiza umzimba ukususa ama-plaque e-amyloid aqoqana ebuchosheni.
- Kube nempikiswano enkulu emphakathini wezokwelapha mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwalo muthi. Nakuba ezinye izifundo zibonise inzuzo encane, ezinye azibonisanga.
- Lokhu akususwanga ekukhiqizweni ngenxa yenkinga yokuphepha, kodwa ngoba inkampani ekhiqizayo yanquma ukugxila izinsiza zayo kwezinye izidakamizwa.
- Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho ninezinkinga noma imibuzo mayelana nesifo i-Alzheimer's, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuxhumana nodokotela womndeni wakho noma uchwepheshe. Gwema ukwenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kuphela kulwazi olutholakala ku-inthanethi.
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