Uma uzwa igama elithi “ Amphetamine ,” cishe ucabanga ngesidakamizwa esingekho emthethweni. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi lezi futhi ziyiklasi eliwusizo kakhulu lemithi, uma inqunywe udokotela, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningana, okuhlanganisa nesifo sokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo ( ADHD )? Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sisuse noma yikuphi ukwesaba nokungabaza ngazo futhi sixoxe ngokuthi ziyini ngempela, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, nokuthi yini okudingeka uyiqaphele lapho uzisebenzisa.
Ziyini ngempela lezi amphetamine?
Kalula nje, ama-amphetamine ayiqembu lezidakamizwa ezivuselela uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi, okungukuthi, ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Zenza imizimba yethu isebenze kakhudlwana.
Cabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bethu bunezithunywa ezincane ezithwala ulwazi emuva naphambili. Sibiza lezi zi-neurotransmitters . Lokho okwenziwa yilezi zidakamizwa ukuthi zandisa ukukhululwa kwalezi zithunywa, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-dopamine ne -norepinephrine , emzimbeni. Akukhona lokho kuphela, futhi zenza lezi zithunywa zihlale emzimbeni isikhathi eside.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ungase uhlangabezane nezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Uzokwazi ukuhlala uqaphile futhi ugxile kakhudlwana.
- Kulula ukugxila emsebenzini othile.
- Umzimba uzizwa uphilile futhi unamandla.
- Isifiso sokudla siyancipha.
- Kufika umuzwa ojabulisayo noqondile engqondweni.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha lo muthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngesilinganiso esifanele . Uma uwusebenzisa ngendlela engafanele, okungukuthi, uma uphuza kakhulu, noma uma uwuphuza ngezinye izindlela (isib. ukubhema, ukujova), ungathola “ukudakwa.” Ungasetshenziswa kabi njengomuthi futhi uholele ekubeni umlutha. Kodwa-ke, uma uwuphuza njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile, ingozi yokuba umlutha iphansi kakhulu.
Yiziphi izifo ezisetshenziswa yilo muthi?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-amphetamine, kanye namagama emikhiqizo amaningi, asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene.
| Uhlobo lwe-amphetamine | Izimo ezilashwayo |
|---|---|
| Ama-amphetamine kanye nezingxube ze-amphetamine (isib. i-Adderall®) | Isifo sokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo (ADHD), isifo sokudakwa ngokweqile, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile |
| I-Dextroamphetamine | I-ADHD, i-Narcolepsy, Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile |
| I-Lisdexamfetamine (isb. i-Vyvanse®) | I-ADHD, isifo sokudla ngokweqile |
| I-Methamphetamine | I-ADHD (engavamile kakhulu) |
| I-Phentermine | Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile (isikhathi esifushane) |
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kusetshenziswa okuyinhloko, amanye ama-amphetamine asetshenziselwa nezinye izinto. Isibonelo:
- I-Hydroxyamphetamine: Iqukethe amaconsi amehlo avula umfundi ngaphambi kokuhlola i-retina .
- I-Levmetamfetamine:Itholakala kwezinye izifutho zamakhala ezisetshenziswa ukwelapha ukuminyana kwamakhala.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Amphetamine ne-Methamphetamine (“Ice”)
Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa igama elithi Methamphetamine, bacabanga ngesidakamizwa esingekho emthethweni esithi “Ice.” Nakuba isakhiwo samakhemikhali salezi zinto ezimbili sifana, kunomehluko omkhulu.
- Amandla: I-Methamphetamine iyisidakamizwa esinamandla kakhulu kune -amphetamine .
- Isenzo: Imiphumela ye-methamphetamine yenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu kuneye-amphetamine.
- Izincomo zezokwelapha: Ngenxa yemiphumela emibi kanye nengozi ephezulu yokulutha, odokotela abavamile ukunikeza i-methamphetamine, futhi kuphela uma kungekho omunye umuthi osebenzayo kwi-ADHD.
Yiziphi imiphumela emibi?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, ama-amphetamine angabangela imiphumela emibi. Nakuba iningi lalawa lincane, kunezinto ezithile okufanele uziqaphele.
| Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokusebenzisa i-amphetamine | |
|---|---|
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi | Izinkinga zokungalali noma zokulala |
| Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla (kungabangela ukwehla kwesisindo) | Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi |
| Ukungahlaliseki, ukucasuka | Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu |
| Ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi ezithweni (ukubanda kwezitho, ukushintsha kombala – isenzakalo sikaRaynaud) | Ukushintsha kombono (umbono ofiphele) |
| Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu (i-Anaphylaxis) - ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso | Ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina), ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo) |
| I-Psychosis | I-Serotonin syndrome - ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukudideka, nokuthuthumela |
| Ukulimala kweminwe ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukugaya amazinyo (i-Bruxism), ukukha isikhumba (i-Dermatillomania) |
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi yale miphumela emibi kakhulu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, njengobunzima bokuphefumula, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU).
Ingabe kungaba nezinkinga ngeminye imithi notshwala?
Yebo, impela. Ama-Amphetamine angasebenzisana neminye imithi eminingi. Ikakhulukazi:
- Ama-antidepressant e-MAOI
- Imithi yokucindezela kwegazi
- Ama-antacid
- I-insulin kanye neminye imithi yesifo sikashukela
- Eminye imithi eyandisa amazinga e-serotonin
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi, amavithamini, noma ngisho nemithi ye-Ayurvedic oyithathayo.
Futhi, gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha ama-amphetamine. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okubili kungabangela imiphumela engafuneki neyingozi.
"Ukuphahlazeka" okuzwayo lapho imiphumela yemithi iphela
Abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhathala okungazelelwe, ukucasuka, ukungahlaliseki, kanye nobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo njengoba imiphumela yemithi iphela emahoreni ambalwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “ukuphahlazeka.” Nakuba lokhu kuvamile, uma kuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Angase akwazi ukulungisa umthamo wakho noma akushintshele efomini yokukhululwa isikhathi eside esebenza usuku lonke.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Amphetamine umuthi onikezwa udokotela ukwelapha izimo eziningana, okuhlanganisa ne-ADHD. Ungesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu: Thatha umthamo onqunywe udokotela wakho, ngesikhathi esifanele, nangendlela efanele. Ungalokothi uwushintshe wena umthamo.
- Ungalokothi unike omunye umuntu imithi oyinikezwe ngudokotela. Akuvumelekile ngokomthetho futhi kungaba yingozi kulowo muntu.
- Qaphela imiphumela emibi. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyiphuzayo. Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele.
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